Entrepreneurial marketing : a historical perspective on development and practice

Entrepreneurial marketing is a term which is receiving increasing use. It essentially encompasses two very distinct areas of management: marketing and entrepreneurship. This article is dedicated to exploring the emergence of this area of theory, its history and the current developments in the interface between these two areas. Scholars from both the worlds of marketing and entrepreneurship have long identified similarities in the key issues concerning both. Recent years have seen the emergence of increased study in the area of overlap between the two disciplines. Academics working in this field are undertaking research in a number of key areas, namely entrepreneurial management, networking and the resource and skills implications of adopting an entrepreneurial approach to marketing activities. This research has now built up into a sizeable body of literature and this article introduces the reader to the essence of this research and identifies its usefulness in viewing many areas of management

Individual surgeon mortality rates: can outliers be detected? A national utility analysis

Objectives: There is controversy on the proposed benefits of publishing mortality rates for individual surgeons. In some procedures, analysis at the level of an individual surgeon may lack statistical power. The aim was to determine the likelihood that variation in surgeon performance will be detected using published outcome data. Design: A national analysis surgeon-level mortality rates to calculate the level of power for the reported mortality rate across multiple surgical procedures. Setting: The UK from 2010 to 2014. Participants: Surgeons who performed colon cancer resection, oesophagectomy or gastrectomy, elective aortic aneurysm repair, hip replacement, bariatric surgery or thyroidectomy. Outcomes: The likelihood of detecting an individual with a 30-day, 90-day or in-patient mortality rate of up to 5 times the national mean or median (as available). This was represented using a novel heat-map approach. Results: Overall mortality rates for the procedures ranged from 0.07% to 4.5% and mean/median surgeon volume was between 23 and 75 cases. The national median case volume for colorectal (n=55) and upper gastrointestinal (n=23) cancer resections provides around 20% power to detect a mortality rate of 3 times the national median, while, for hip replacement, this is a rate 5 times the national average. At the mortality rates reported for thyroid (0.08%) and bariatric (0.07%) procedures, it is unlikely a surgeon would perform a sufficient number of procedures in his/her entire career to stand a good chance of detecting a mortality rate 5 times the national average. Conclusions: At present, surgeons with increased mortality rates are unlikely to be detected. Performance within an expected mortality rate range cannot be considered reliable evidence of acceptable performance. Alternative approaches should focus on commonly occurring meaningful outcome measures, with infrequent events analysed predominately at the hospital level

Simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR Observations of the Ultracompact X-Ray Binary 4U 1543-624

We present the first joint NuSTAR and NICER observations of the ultracompact X-ray binary (UCXB) 4U 1543−624 obtained in 2020 April. The source was at a luminosity of L0.5−50 keV = 4.9(D/7 kpc)2 × 1036 erg s−1 and showed evidence of reflected emission in the form of an O viii line, Fe K line, and Compton hump within the spectrum. We used a full reflection model, known as xillverCO, that is tailored for the atypical abundances found in UCXBs, to account for the reflected emission. We tested the emission radii of the O and Fe line components and conclude that they originate from a common disk radius in the innermost region of the accretion disk (Rin ≤ 1.07 RISCO). Assuming that the compact accretor is a neutron star (NS) and the position of the inner disk is the Alfvén radius, we placed an upper limit on the magnetic field strength to be B ≤ 0.7(D/7 kpc) × 108 G at the poles. Given the lack of pulsations detected and position of Rin, it was likely that a boundary layer region had formed between the NS surface and inner edge of the accretion disk with an extent of 1.2 km. This implies a maximum radius of the neutron star accretor of RNS ≤ 12.1 km when assuming a canonical NS mass of 1.4 M⊙

The use of carbon and gold electrodes in anodic stripping voltammetric heavy metal sensors.

The use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV)has been proven in the past to be a precise and sensitive analytical method with an excellent limit of detection. Electrochemical sensors could help to avoid expensive and time consuming procedures as sample taking and storage and provide a both sensitive and reliable method for the direct monitoring of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Solid electrodes which have been used in this work, were produced using previously developed methods. Commercially available and newly designed, screen printed carbon and gold plated working electrodes (WE) were compared. Good results were achieved with the screen printed and plated electrodes under conditions optimized for each electrode material. The electrode stability, reproducibility of single measurements and the limit of detection obtained for Pb were satisfactory (3*10-6mol/l on screen printed carbon WEs after 60 s of deposition and 6*10-6 mol/l on gold plated WEs after 5 min of deposition). Complete 3-electrode-sets (counter, reference and working electrode) were screen printed on different substrates (glass, polycarbonate and alumina). Also here, both carbon and gold were used as WE. Using 3-electrode-sets with a gold plated WE on glass was a limit of detection of 7*10-7 mol/l was achieved after only 60 s of deposition

Violent and victimized bodies: sexual violence policy in England and Wales

This paper uses the notion of the body to frame an archaeology of sexual violence policy in England and Wales, applying and developing Pillow’s ideas. It argues that the dominant construction is of sexual violence as an individualized crime, with the solution being for a survivor to report, and with support often instrumentalized in relation to criminal justice objectives. However, criminal justice proceedings can intensify or create further trauma for sexual violence survivors. Furthermore, in addition to criminalizing the violent body and supporting the victimized one, there is a need for policy to produce alternative types of bodies through preventative interventions. Much sexual violence is situated within (hetero) sexual dynamics constructing a masculine aggressor and a feminine body which eventually yields. Prevention must therefore focus on developing embodied boundaries, and narratives at the margins of policy could underpin such efforts

Simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR observations of the Ultracompact X-ray Binary 4U 0614+091

We present the first joint NuSTAR and NICER observations of the ultracompact X-ray binary 4U 0614+091. This source shows quasiperiodic flux variations on the timescale of ∼days. We use reflection modeling techniques to study various components of the accretion system as the flux varies. We find that the flux of the reflected emission and the thermal components representing the disk and the compact object trend closely with the overall flux. However, the flux of the power-law component representing the illuminating X-ray corona scales in the opposite direction, increasing as the total flux decreases. During the lowest flux observation, we see evidence of accretion disk truncation from roughly 6 gravitational radii to 11.5 gravitational radii. This is potentially analogous to the truncation seen in black hole low-mass X-ray binaries, which tends to occur during the low/hard state at sufficiently low Eddington ratios

Hydromorphological, hydraulic and ecological effects of restored wood: findings and reflections from an academic partnership approach

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Pinto, C. , Ing, R. , Browning, B. , Delboni, V. , Wilson, H. , Martyn, D. and Harvey, G. L. (2019), Hydromorphological, hydraulic and ecological effects of restored wood: findings and reflections from an academic partnership approach. Water and Environment Journal. doi:10.1111/wej.12457, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12457. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions© 2019 CIWEM Large wood (re)introduction can deliver multiple benefits in river restoration, but there is a dearth of the detailed and longer-term post-project monitoring and evaluation required for improving best practice. We present findings from an academic partnership approach to post-project evaluation, based on successive MSc research projects on restored large wood in the Loddon catchment, UK. Field and modelling data reveal: (i) key differences in large wood features between restored and natural reaches; (ii) increased hydraulic retention and changes to mesohabitats associated with large wood; (iii) differences in macroinvertebrate community composition around large wood but a lack of site-level effects; (iv) interactions between macrophytes and large wood that may be specific to restored reaches; (v) a need for further field and modelling studies to inform the accurate representation of large wood in hydraulic models. Some key challenges in partnership working are identified to aid planning and effectiveness of future collaborations