1,086 research outputs found
Boundary Effects on Dynamic Behavior of Josephson-Junction Arrays
The boundary effects on the current-voltage characteristics in
two-dimensional arrays of resistively shunted Josephson junctions are examined.
In particular, we consider both the conventional boundary conditions (CBC) and
the fluctuating twist boundary conditions (FTBC), and make comparison of the
obtained results. It is observed that the CBC, which have been widely adopted
in existing simulations, may give a problem in scaling, arising from rather
large boundary effects; the FTBC in general turn out to be effective in
reducing the finite-size effects, yielding results with good scaling behavior.
To resolve the discrepancy between the two boundary conditions, we propose that
the proper scaling in the CBC should be performed with the boundary data
discarded: This is shown to give results which indeed scale well and are the
same as those from the FTBC.Comment: RevTex, Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Entropic Tightening of Vibrated Chains
We investigate experimentally the distribution of configurations of a ring
with an elementary topological constraint, a ``figure-8'' twist. Using vibrated
granular chains, which permit controlled preparation and direct observation of
such a constraint, we show that configurations where one of the loops is tight
and the second is large are strongly preferred. This agrees with recent
predictions for equilibrium properties of topologically-constrained polymers.
However, the dynamics of the tightening process weakly violate detailed
balance, a signature of the nonequilibrium nature of this system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Sputtered films of Er<sup>3+</sup> doped gallium sulphide glass
Thin films of Er3+-doped gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) glass were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering onto fused silica and BK7 glass substrates. The films were characterized by use of SEM imaging, X-ray diffractometry, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. They are shown to be glassy, uniform in composition, and to exhibit an RMS surface roughness of <8Å. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 4I11/2 to 4I13/2 and 4I13/2 to 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ were measured at each processing stage
Edge effects in a frustrated Josephson junction array with modulated couplings
A square array of Josephson junctions with modulated strength in a magnetic
field with half a flux quantum per plaquette is studied by analytic arguments
and dynamical simulations. The modulation is such that alternate columns of
junctions are of different strength to the rest. Previous work has shown that
this system undergoes an XY followed by an Ising-like vortex lattice
disordering transition at a lower temperature. We argue that resistance
measurements are a possible probe of the vortex lattice disordering transition
as the linear resistance with
at intermediate temperatures due to dissipation at the array
edges for a particular geometry and vanishes for other geometries. Extensive
dynamical simulations are performed which support the qualitative physical
arguments.Comment: 8 pages with figs, RevTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Calculation of excited polaron states in the Holstein model
An exact diagonalization technique is used to investigate the low-lying
excited polaron states in the Holstein model for the infinite one-dimensional
lattice. For moderate values of the adiabatic ratio, a new and comprehensive
picture, involving three excited (coherent) polaron bands below the phonon
threshold, is obtained. The coherent contribution of the excited states to both
the single-electron spectral density and the optical conductivity is evaluated
and, due to the invariance of the Hamiltonian under the space inversion, the
two are shown to contain complementary information about the single-electron
system at zero temperature. The chosen method reveals the connection between
the excited bands and the renormalized local phonon excitations of the
adiabatic theory, as well as the regime of parameters for which the electron
self-energy has notable non-local contributions. Finally, it is shown that the
hybridization of two polaron states allows a simple description of the ground
and first excited state in the crossover regime.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PR
Developmental changes in word recognition threshold from two to five years of age in children with different middle ear status
The aims were to: (1) provide word recognition thresholds (WRTs) at 31, 43, and 61 months of age; (2) investigate developmental changes over time; (3) investigate the relationship between OME and WRT, and (4) investigate the relationship between WRT and hearing thresholds. Around 1000 children were tested longitudinally as part of the ALSPAC study, using an adaptive measure of word recognition in quiet. Mean WRTs were 28, 23, and 23 dB (A) at 31, 43, and 61 months, respectively. Normal auditory development is associated with a mean improvement in WRT of 5 dB between age 31 and 61 months. There was a mean increase in WRT of 5 dB and 15 dB when OME was present in one and two ears, respectively. Thus, both unilateral and bilateral OME results in a detrimental effect on hearing ability for speech. Additionally, early and ‘persistent’ OME is associated with greater disability. However by 61 months, previous OME status was not significant. To our knowledge, this is the largest longitudinal study reporting WRT in preschool children with different middle ear status
Possible origins of macroscopic left-right asymmetry in organisms
I consider the microscopic mechanisms by which a particular left-right (L/R)
asymmetry is generated at the organism level from the microscopic handedness of
cytoskeletal molecules. In light of a fundamental symmetry principle, the
typical pattern-formation mechanisms of diffusion plus regulation cannot
implement the "right-hand rule"; at the microscopic level, the cell's
cytoskeleton of chiral filaments seems always to be involved, usually in
collective states driven by polymerization forces or molecular motors. It seems
particularly easy for handedness to emerge in a shear or rotation in the
background of an effectively two-dimensional system, such as the cell membrane
or a layer of cells, as this requires no pre-existing axis apart from the layer
normal. I detail a scenario involving actin/myosin layers in snails and in C.
elegans, and also one about the microtubule layer in plant cells. I also survey
the other examples that I am aware of, such as the emergence of handedness such
as the emergence of handedness in neurons, in eukaryote cell motility, and in
non-flagellated bacteria.Comment: 42 pages, 6 figures, resubmitted to J. Stat. Phys. special issue.
Major rewrite, rearranged sections/subsections, new Fig 3 + 6, new physics in
Sec 2.4 and 3.4.1, added Sec 5 and subsections of Sec
Psicoanalisi e prospettive evoluzionistiche dell'attaccamento: un progetto di prevenzione per la tutela della salute mentale perinatale
Alectinib versus crizotinib in treatment-naive anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer: CNS efficacy results from the ALEX study.
The phase III ALEX study in patients with treatment-naive advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation-positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) met its primary end point of improved progression-free survival (PFS) with alectinib versus crizotinib. Here, we present detailed central nervous system (CNS) efficacy data from ALEX.
Overall, 303 patients aged ≥18 years underwent 1:1 randomization to receive twice-daily doses of alectinib 600 mg or crizotinib 250 mg. Brain imaging was conducted in all patients at baseline and every subsequent 8 weeks. End points (analyzed by subgroup: patients with/without baseline CNS metastases; patients with/without prior radiotherapy) included PFS, CNS objective response rate (ORR), and time to CNS progression.
In total, 122 patients had Independent Review Committee-assessed baseline CNS metastases (alectinib, n = 64; crizotinib, n = 58), 43 had measurable lesions (alectinib, n = 21; crizotinib, n = 22), and 46 had received prior radiotherapy (alectinib, n = 25; crizotinib, n = 21). Investigator-assessed PFS with alectinib was consistent between patients with baseline CNS metastases [hazard ratio (HR) 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.64] and those without (HR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.80, P interaction = 0.36). Similar results were seen in patients regardless of prior radiotherapy. Time to CNS progression was significantly longer with alectinib versus crizotinib and comparable between patients with and without baseline CNS metastases (P < 0.0001). CNS ORR was 85.7% with alectinib versus 71.4% with crizotinib in patients who received prior radiotherapy and 78.6% versus 40.0%, respectively, in those who had not.
Alectinib demonstrated superior CNS activity and significantly delayed CNS progression versus crizotinib in patients with previously untreated, advanced ALK+ NSCLC, irrespective of prior CNS disease or radiotherapy.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02075840
Heavy Quarks and Heavy Quarkonia as Tests of Thermalization
We present here a brief summary of new results on heavy quarks and heavy
quarkonia from the PHENIX experiment as presented at the "Quark Gluon Plasma
Thermalization" Workshop in Vienna, Austria in August 2005, directly following
the International Quark Matter Conference in Hungary.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Quark Gluon Plasma Thermalization Workshop
(Vienna August 2005) Proceeding
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