Revision of the green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx (Sencera) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

The Australasian and Oriental green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx (Sencera) Navás (Chrysopinae: Ankylopterygini) is examined and its diversity and placement among other members of the tribe Ankylopterygini is discussed. After study of specimens spanning the full distribution and anatomical range of variation for the subgenus, all prior putative species, resulting in the sole valid species are newly synonymized, Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala (Brauer). Accordingly, the following new synonymies are established: Sencera scioneura Navás, syn. n., Sencera feae Navás, syn. n., and Sencera exquisita Nakahara, syn. n. [all under the name Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala]. A lectotype is newly designated for Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala so as to stabilize the application of the name. To support our hypotheses, the wing and general body coloration as well as the male genitalia are reviewed. We elaborate on the possibility of Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala being nothing more than an autapomorphic species of Ankylopteryx Brauer, as it was originally described. The species is not sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a separate subgenus within the group, and most certainly not as its own genus as has been advocated by past authors. Nonetheless, we do not for now go so far as to synonymize the subgenus until a more extensive phylogenetic analysis is undertaken with multiple representative species from across Ankylopteryx and other ankylopterygine genera. Lastly, we comment on the biology of Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala in terms of the attraction of males to methyl eugenol and on the widespread practice of splitting within Chrysopidae

Revision of the green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx (Sencera) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)

The Australasian and Oriental green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx (Sencera) Navás (Chrysopinae: Ankylopterygini) is examined and its diversity and placement among other members of the tribe Ankylopterygini is discussed. After study of specimens spanning the full distribution and anatomical range of variation for the subgenus, all prior putative species, resulting in the sole valid species are newly synonymized, Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala (Brauer). Accordingly, the following new synonymies are established: Sencera scioneura Navás, syn. n., Sencera feae Navás, syn. n., and Sencera exquisita Nakahara, syn. n. [all under the name Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala]. A lectotype is newly designated for Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala so as to stabilize the application of the name. To support our hypotheses, the wing and general body coloration as well as the male genitalia are reviewed. We elaborate on the possibility of Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala being nothing more than an autapomorphic species of Ankylopteryx Brauer, as it was originally described. The species is not sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as a separate subgenus within the group, and most certainly not as its own genus as has been advocated by past authors. Nonetheless, we do not for now go so far as to synonymize the subgenus until a more extensive phylogenetic analysis is undertaken with multiple representative species from across Ankylopteryx and other ankylopterygine genera. Lastly, we comment on the biology of Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala in terms of the attraction of males to methyl eugenol and on the widespread practice of splitting within Chrysopidae

Thermostatic production technology is the guarantee of long-storage period of protein pastes for infant food

У статті викладені результати досліджень зміни показників якості паст білкових дитячого харчування з високими гіпоалергенними, пробіотичними, в т. ч. антагоністичними, властивостями при зберіганні в герметичній тарі при температурі (4 ± 2) °С протягом 28 діб. Показано, що при зазначених умовах протягом 24 діб досліджені зразки мають високі органолептичні, нормовані фізико-хімічні, мікробіологічні та біохімічних показники якості. Встановлено, що граничний термін зберігання паст білкових дитячого харчування при температурі (4 ± 2) °С не повинен перевищувати 12 діб з урахуванням коефіцієнта запасу для кисломолочних продуктів дитячого харчування (за умови зберігання в герметичній тарі).Work objective - changes in the quality indicators of protein pastes for infants food with high hypoallergenic, probiotic, including antagonistic properties and stored in sealed-off containers at temperature (4±2) ºС during 28 days have been studied: organoleptic properties of taste and odour, consistency and appearance; physical and chemical properties – titrated acidity, ºТ; active acidity, pH units; moisture retention property, %; microbiological properties – number of living cells of mixed cultures L

Інформаційна система управління фінансами на підприємстві

У роботі розглядається важливість правильного вибору і адаптації ефективної інформаційної системи управління фінансами на підприємстві.In article importance of a correct choice and adaptation of an effective information control system by the finance at the enterprise is considered

Wing venation of Neuropterida.

44 pages : color illustrations ; 26 cm.The wings of insects are one of their most prominent features and embody numerous characters and modifications congruent with the variety of their lifestyles. However, despite their evolutionary relevance, homology statements and nomenclature of wing structures remain understudied and sometimes confusing. Early studies on wing venation homologies often assumed Neuropterida (the superorder comprising the orders Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, and Neuroptera: snakeflies, alderflies and dobsonflies, and lacewings) to be ancient among Pterygota, and therefore relied on their pattern of venation for determining groundplans for insect wing venation schemata and those assumptions reciprocally influenced the interpretation of lacewing wings. However, Neuropterida are in fact derived among flying insects and thus a reconsideration of their wings is crucial. The identification of the actual wing venation of Neuropterida is rendered difficult by fusions and losses, but these features provide systematic and taxonomically informative characters for the classification of the different clades within the group. In the present study, we review the homology statements of wing venation among Neuropterida, with an emphasis on Chrysopidae (green lacewings), the family in which the highest degree of vein fusion is manifest. The wing venation of each order is reviewed according to tracheation, and colored schemata of the actual wing venation are provided as well as detailed illustrations of the tracheation in select families. According to the results of our study of vein tracheation, new homology statements and a revised nomenclature for veins and cells are proposed

Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) : an anchored phylogenomics approach

A phylogeny of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) using anchored hybrid enrichment data is presented. Using this phylogenomic approach, we analysed 137 kb of sequence data (with < 10% missing) for 82 species in 50 genera of Chrysopidae under Bayesian and maximum likelihood criteria. We recovered a strongly supported tree topologically congruent with recently published phylogenies, especially relationships amongst higher‐level groups. The subfamily Nothochrysinae was recovered as paraphyletic, with one clade sister to the rest of Chrysopidae, and the second clade containing the nominal genus (Nothochrysa Navás) as sister to the subfamily Apochrysinae. Chrysopinae was recovered as a monophyletic with the monobasic Nothancylini tribe n. sister to the rest of the subfamily. Leucochrysini was recovered sister to Belonopterygini, and Chrysopini was rendered paraphyletic with respect to Ankylopterygini. Divergence times and diversification estimates indicate a major shift in rate in ancestral Chrysopini at the end of the Cretaceous, and the extensive radiation of Chrysopinae, the numerically dominant clade of green lacewings, began in the Mid‐Paleogene (c. 45 Ma).Table S1. Taxa used in this study, including SRA accession numbers.Table S2. Divergence time estimates (mean ages and ranges) and branch support values for nodes in Figs 2 and S1. PP, posterior probability.Figure S1. Chronogram node numbers and fossils.Figure S2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Chrysopidae using AHE data. Bootstrap support values are indicated on nodes and grouped by colour according to value.Figure S3. Nucleotide Astral tree.Figure S4. BAMM plot showing the two most common shift configurations in the credible set. The ‘f’ number corresponds to the proportion of the posterior samples in which this configuration is present.Figure S5. Macroevolutionary cohort matrix for diversifica-tion. Each cell in the matrix is coded by a colour denoting the pairwise probability that two species share a common macroevolutionary rate regime. The maximum clade credi-bility tree is shown for reference in the left and upper margins of each cohort matrix.Figure S6. BAMM rate shift tree showing the overall best fit configuration. Red circles signify placement of shifts.File S1. Chrysopidae Anchored hybrid enrichment alignment. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1111%2Fsyen.12347&file=syen12347-sup-0001-FileS1.txt)File S2. Chrysopidae anchored hybrid enrichment, partition datasets. (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1111%2Fsyen.12347&file=syen12347-sup-0002-FileS2.txt)Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (209447/2013–3, to JPG), the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1144119, to SLW; DEB-1144162, to MSE; and DEB-0933588, to JDO) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5162016) (to XL).https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/136531132020-07-01hj2019Zoology and Entomolog

Single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects

Background: Evolutionary relationships among the 11 extant orders of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, called Holometabola, remain either unresolved or contentious, but are extremely important as a context for accurate comparative biology of insect model organisms. The most phylogenetically enigmatic holometabolan insects are Strepsiptera or twisted wing parasites, whose evolutionary relationship to any other insect order is unconfirmed. They have been controversially proposed as the closest relatives of the flies, based on rDNA, and a possible homeotic transformation in the common ancestor of both groups that would make the reduced forewings of Strepsiptera homologous to the reduced hindwings of Diptera. Here we present evidence from nucleotide sequences of six single-copy nuclear protein coding genes used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate evolutionary divergence times for all holometabolan orders. Results: Our results strongly support Hymenoptera as the earliest branching holometabolan lineage, the monophyly of the extant orders, including the fleas, and traditionally recognized groupings of Neuropteroidea and Mecopterida. Most significantly, we find strong support for a close relationship between Coleoptera (beetles) and Strepsiptera, a previously proposed, but analytically controversial relationship. Exploratory analyses reveal that this relationship cannot be explained by long-branch attraction or other systematic biases. Bayesian divergence times analysis, with reference to specific fossil constraints, places the origin of Holometabola in the Carboniferous (355 Ma), a date significantly older than previous paleontological and morphological phylogenetic reconstructions. The origin and diversification of most extant insect orders began in the Triassic, but flourished in the Jurassic, with multiple adaptive radiations producing the astounding diversity of insect species for which these groups are so well known. Conclusion: These findings provide the most complete evolutionary framework for future comparative studies on holometabolous model organisms and contribute strong evidence for the resolution of the 'Strepsiptera problem', a long-standing and hotly debated issue in insect phylogenetics

Scenopinus stephanos Winterton, 2008, sp. nov.

Scenopinus stephanos sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek: stephanos; crown, diadem, referring to the crown-like frontal callus of the female. Type material. Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Charleville, 5.5 km on road to Augathella; 5.iii. 1989; E. Dahms, G. Sarnes; sweep. coccoid inf[ested] Aristida sp. Condition: good (glued on card). Type specimen (T. 156204) is deposited in the Queensland Museum (QMBA) in Brisbane, Australia. Diagnosis. Wing clear hyaline, venation brownish; frons with large, crown-like callus; halteres dark-brown; front legs much more robust than mid or hind legs; abdomen uniform black. Description. Body length: female 3.0 mm. Head: (Fig. 1) Glossy black, frons much wider than ocellar tubercle, overlain with short, fine white setae; large truncated callus above antenna projecting anteriorly; sides of callus wrinkled in texture, truncated surface verrucous with short tubercles, slightly cleft longitudinally; face smooth with sparse white setae; antennae projecting ventrally, brown with short pale setae on scape and pedicel; mouthparts reduced, but apparently not vestigial; ocellar tubercle flattened with sparse white setae; postocular ridge smooth, without macrosetae; fine white setae laterally on occiput and gena. Thorax: Glossy dark brown-black; scutum sparsely overlain with elongate, fine white setae; pleuron mostly glabrous, anterior part greatly recessed to accommodate enlarged forelegs when raised against pleuron; legs with coxae and femora glossy dark-brown, tibia and tarsi light brown; pale setae on femora, longer on posterior surfaces; anterior legs distinctly shorter and more robust than mid and hind legs, fore-tarsal claws enlarged; wing hyaline, venation brown; haltere dark brown, knob with narrow pale stripe ventrally. Abdomen: Glossy black, overlain with sparse pale setae, longer laterally and on terminalia. Genitalia not dissected; sternite 8 slightly emarginate laterally; lateral areas and intersegmental membrane pale. Male. Unknown. Comments. Scenopinus stephanos sp. nov. is distinct from all other Scenopinidae based on the large truncated frontal callus and the grossly enlarged forelegs (based on the female). It is placed in the genus Scenopinus based on the characteristic wing venation and antennal shape (see Kelsey 1969). The frontal callus is highly sclerotised and has a distinct verrucous longitudinal cleft. As the closely related S. pallidipennis male lacks the frontal callus of the female, it is also likely that the male of this new species also lacks a frontal callus. Scenopinus stephanos sp. nov. differs from S. pallidipennis by the larger size, darker wing venation, larger and differing shaped frontal callus, abdominal segments without white margins and enlarged fore legs. It appears that both S. stephanos sp. nov. and S. pallidipennis are inland species as all collecting records are from far inland sites in central Australia. Acknowledgements. Thank you to Dr Chris Burwell (Queensland Museum) for loan of the Scenopinus specimen. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation (USA) grant (DEB-0614213) on Scenopinidae systematics. Statements and viewpoints expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NSF.Published as part of Winterton, Shaun L., 2008, An unusual new species of Scenopinus Latreille (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Australia, pp. 66-68 in Zootaxa 1895 on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27452