Muscle Damage in Femoroacetabular Impingement (Fai): A Self-Joint Mobilization Technique

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is recognized as a common cause of hip pain in young, active adults. There are many different approaches used in the treatment of FAI. A literature review and case report were conducted to examine the evidence that nonsurgical intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in the management of FAI.Methods: The literature search included the electronic databases of PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library. The database search process yielded 463 articles, 21 of which were reviewed in full text and 9 included in this review for meeting the criteria for inclusion. The articles reviewed included two randomized clinical trials, five systematic reviews, and two case reports. Case Description: The patient was a 27- year-old female who presented to physical therapy with anterior hip pain. At the initial evaluation, she reported pain with prolonged sitting and squatting activities. The intervention included a program of six self-joint mobilization techniques for a period of eight weeks. Outcomes: The self-joint mobilization program was used to improve hip range of motion (ROM), pain-free squat depth, and pain-free sitting duration. Outcome tools included the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS).Conclusion: The literature review provided consistent evidence that conservative care, including manual therapy, exercise, activity modification, and a home exercise program, can successfully decrease symptoms of FAI. The case report demonstrated that young adults with FAI may benefit from a self-joint mobilization program to improve mobility and to return to functional activities pain free. The literature review and case report both support the hypothesis that nonsurgical intervention is an effective method to manage FAI. Further research is required to investigate the use of a self-joint mobilization program in a larger population of patients with FAI

Comparative Study Of Tribological Properties Of Thermal Barrier Coatings On Mild Steel And Stainless Steel Substrates

Thermal barrier coatings are used for insulation of hot components. The thermal barrier maintains the metal temperature of a coated component at moderate temperature levels during operation. These coatings prevent the material from severe creep damage and oxidation. Therefore this gives better coating integrity for a reliable assessment of coating life. In the present work, NiAl bond coats with yttria partially stabilized zirconia top coat are studied on two different substrates (Mild steel and stainless steel) using air plasma system with 9 MB gun. Tribological and wear behavior of coatings was assessed at different temperatures to check which substrate gives better wear resistance. MS/ SS is more wear resistant when used as substrate

Friction and Wear Assessment of Yttria Stabilised Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced by Plasma Spraying Method

Wear and friction behaviour of yttria stabilised zirconia coatings are very sensitive to the structure of the material and test parameters such as temperature, applied load, sliding speed, and environment. The present study describes the friction, and sliding wear behaviours of plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia coating (ZrO2-8wt.%Y2O3 (YSZ) deposited on a stainless steel substrate with NiAl bond coat. Tribological properties of the coating were assessed under lubrication condition at loads of 4N and 8N. The frictional behaviour of coating was assessed at a constant temperature of 50°C, while wear characteristics of the coating were investigated at 50°C and 100°C. The experimental results of this study showed a slight decrease in frictional coefficient with increasing load. However, the coating wear rate was slightly increased with increasing load and temperature. The coating wear mainly involved materials transferred from the counter body and pulling-out from the coating material

Association between perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infection after elective abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) account for 14-16% of nosocomial infections and are one of the major causes of increased morbidity, hospital stay, cost of care, and even mortality. Hypothermia as a risk factor for SSI is debated but there is lack of conclusive evidence. The present study explores the association of hypothermia with SSI.Methodology: This is a prospective cohort study conducted on adult patients who underwent elective laparotomy. Patients were divided into two cohorts, the Hypothermia Cohort and the Normothermia Cohort, based upon episodes of hypothermia of \u3c360C in the perioperative period. SSI was diagnosed based upon criteria defined by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Postoperative follow-up to detect SSI was done until 30 days after the operation.Results: A total of 183 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the study. Ninety patients (49%) had perioperative hypothermia and were followed in the Hypothermia Cohort, while 93 patients (51%) who remained normothermic in the perioperative period were followed in the Normothermia Cohort. Mean age of the patients was 49.77 +/- 14.82 years. Almost two-thirds of the participants were females (63.9%). Patients who developed hypothermia were significantly older and had lower BMI. Also the proportion of female patients was significantly higher in the Normothermic Cohort.Rate of SSI was similar in both groups (10% versus 10.8%) with p-value of 0.867. Multivariable regression analysis also failed to show any significant association between hypothermia and SSI.Conclusion: Our study failed to show any statistically significant association between hypothermia and surgical site infection

Comparative Efficacy of Various Antiviral Agents against Avian Influenza Virus (Type H7N3/Pakistan/2003)

Abstract.-Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7 type) is of greater importance due to its economic impact and public health significance. Drugs available to vanish this pathogens are very limited and having high prices. Therefore a study was planed to check the comparative efficacy of the Herbs' extract as compared to the standard available drug in the market. There were used three different concentrations (2%, 4% and 8%) of each of amantadine HCl, extracts of fresh leaves of opuntia herb, papaya and dried powdered leaves of green tea in distilled water and were evaluated for their antiviral activity, by injecting through chorioallantoic sac route into 10 days old live embryonated broiler chicken eggs. Group A is negative control with no haemagglutination activity and group B as positive control with positive Haemagglutination activity. For each drug to be tested, 40 eggs were assigned to 8 groups (i.e. A, B, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, D3) with 5 eggs in each group. Embryonated eggs in each of C1, C2 and C3 subgroups were treated only with 3 different concentrations of each compound to evaluate toxicity respectively. Whereas embryonated eggs of SUB-GROUPS D1, D2 and D3 were treated with suspensions of three different concentrations of each compound with 4HA titer of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) type H7N3/Pakistan/2003, to check antiviral efficacy respectively. Positive and negative controls were also run side by side under similar experimental conditions. In case of amantadine HCl out of 50, 500 and 1000 µg/ml concentrations, only 500ug/ml was found to be an ideal concentration, as in addition to stop virus growth it also did not kill the embryos. In case of Opuntia dellinii all the 3 concentrations used were not toxic for embryos, but antiviral effect was observed only at 4g and 8g/100ml concentrations. Green tea extract was found to be effective against AIV only at 8g/100ml concentration with no damage to chick embryos. Papaya leaves extract as a whole failed to check virus replication at all the three concentrations used in this experiment i.e. 2, 4 and 8g/100ml. All these dose levels were not lethal for chick embryos

Convenient Synthesis of Ni-Zn Ferrites from Metal Chlorides

To be updated late

Genomic Characterization of Novel Human Parechovirus Type

Using a simple metagenomic approach, we identified a divergent human parechovirus (HPeV) in the stool of a child in Pakistan. Genomic characterization showed this virus was distinct enough from reported HPeV types to qualify as candidate prototype for the seventh HPeV type

Serology based disease status of Pakistani population infected with Hepatitis B virus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The infection rate of hepatitis B virus is continuously increasing in Pakistan. Therefore, a comprehensive study of epidemiological data is the need of time.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 1300 individuals were screened for HBV infection markers including HBsAg, anti-HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBcAg. The association of these disease indicators was compared with patients' epidemiological characteristics like age, socio-economic status and residential area to analyze and find out the possible correlation among these variables and the patients disease status.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>52 (4%) individuals were found positive for HBsAg with mean age 23.5 ± 3.7 years. 9.30%, 33.47% and 12% individuals had HBeAg, antibodies for HBsAg, and antibodies for HBcAg respectively. HBsAg seropositivity rate was significantly associated (<it>p </it>= 0.03) with the residing locality indicating high infection in rural areas. Antibodies titer against HBsAg decreased with the increasing age reflecting an inverse correlation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate high prevalence rate of Hepatitis B virus infection and nationwide vaccination campaigns along with public awareness and educational programs are needed to be practiced urgently.</p

Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing

Global poliovirus surveillance involves virus isolation from stool and environmental samples, intratypic differential (ITD) by PCR, and sequencing of the VP1 region to distinguish vaccine (Sabin), vaccine-derived, and wild-type polioviruses and to ensure an appropriate response. This cell culture algorithm takes 2 to 3 weeks on average between sample receipt and sequencing. Direct detection of viral RNA using PCR allows faster detection but has traditionally faced challenges related to poor sensitivity and difficulties in sequencing common samples containing poliovirus and enterovirus mixtures. We present a nested PCR and nanopore sequencing protocol that allows rapid (99.9%. This novel method shows promise as a faster and safer alternative to cell culture for the detection and real-time sequencing of polioviruses in stool and environmental samples

Molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Eight genotypes of Hepatitis B virus designated A-H, have been known but in Pakistan, no such data is available on the prevalent HBV genotypes. Therefore, the subject study was conducted to determine HBV genotypes in the indigenous Pakistani population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 690 individuals were enrolled for HBV screening with EIA and nested PCR. Positive samples were further analyzed to determine HBV genotypes (A-F) by multiplex-PCR using type specific primers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>110 (15.94%) individuals were positive for HBV, including 64% males and 36% females. Out of these, 66 samples (65.34%) were classified into genotype D, 27 (26.73%) were of genotype B while 5(4.95%) had genotype A. In 3 (2.98%) samples, multiple genotypes were detected (genotype A+B; 2(1.99%) and genotypes B+D; 1(0.99%). Nine (8.18%) samples remained untyable.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In Asia, genotypes B and C are the most prevalent but our study reveals that genotype D is predominant and HBV infection constitutes a significant health problem in Pakistan.</p