51 research outputs found
Gender Discrimination and Social Identity: Experimental Evidence from Urban Pakistan
Gender discrimination in South Asia is a well-documented fact. However, gender is only one of an individual's many identities. This paper investigates how gender discrimination depends on the social identities of interacting parties. We use an experimental approach to identify gender discrimination by randomly matching 2,836 male and female students pursuing bachelor's-equivalent degrees in three different types of institutions - Madrassas (religious seminaries), Islamic universities, and liberal universities - that represent distinct identities within the Pakistani society. Our main finding is that gender discrimination is not uniform in intensity and nature across the educated Pakistani society and varies as a function of the social identity of both individuals who interact. While we find no evidence of higher-socioeconomic-status men discriminating against women, men of lower socioeconomic status and higher religiosity tend to discriminate against women - but only women of lower socioeconomic status who are closest to them in social distance. Moreover, this discrimination is largely taste-based. Our findings suggest that social policies aimed at empowering women need to account for the intersectionality of gender with social identity
Diet and food strategies in a southern al-Andalusian urban environment during Caliphal period, ecija, Sevilla
The Iberian medieval period is unique in European history due to the widespread socio-cultural changes that took place after the
arrival of Arabs, Berbers and Islam in 711 AD. Recently, isotopic research has been insightful on dietary shifts, status, resource
availability and the impact of environment. However, there is no published isotopic research exploring these factors in southern
Iberian populations, and as the history of this area differs to the northern regions, this leaves a significant lacuna in our
knowledge. This research fills this gap via isotopic analysis of human (n = 66) and faunal (n = 13) samples from the 9th to the
13th century Écija, a town renowned for high temperatures and salinity. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes were
assessed from rib collagen, while carbon (δ13C) values were derived from enamel apatite. Human diet is consistent with C3 plant
consumption with a very minor contribution of C4 plants, an interesting feature considering the suitability of Écija to C4 cereal
production. δ15N values vary among adults, which may suggest variable animal protein consumption or isotopic variation within
animal species due to differences in foddering. Consideration of δ13C collagen and apatite values together may indicate sugarcane
consumption, while moderate δ15N values do not suggest a strong aridity or salinity effect. Comparison with other Iberian groups
shows similarities relating to time and location rather than by religion, although more multi-isotopic studies combined with
zooarchaeology and botany may reveal subtle differences unobservable in carbon and nitrogen collagen studies alone.OLC is funded by Plan Galego I2C mod.B (ED481D 2017/014). The research was partially funded by the projects “Galician Paleodiet” and by Consiliencia network (ED 431D2017/08) Xunta de GaliciaS
Herbes, drogues et épices en Méditerranée
Des jardins d’Adonis aux tiroirs des apothicaires et aux boutiques des commerçants, les herbes, drogues et épices ont toujours nourri les rêves et entretenu les comptes. Elles furent l’objet d’une curiosité particulière puis d’un engouement et d’un commerce aussi actif que lucratif ; la cause aussi de grandes rivalités entre marchands. Ainsi les retrouvons-nous dans les livres de commerçants juifs, dans les souks du Caire, dans les entrepôts de Smyrne, dans les cales des clippers américains ou dans les containers du port de Marseille. Mythes et réalités se côtoient dans cet ouvrage comme ils furent toujours liés dans le quotidien à travers les siècles et les continents. Par les aspects économiques mais aussi botaniques, sociaux et culturels de leur histoire, se précise le rôle important qu’ont tenu et que tiennent encore les Herbes, Drogues et Epices dans les sociétés méditerranéennes. L’Institut de Recherches Méditerranéennes d’Aix-en- Provence et la Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Marseille ont entrepris depuis une décennie l’étude des grands produits de consommation tels le café, l’huile d’olive, le sucre, les céréales, qui, malgré leur usage quotidien, restent finalement peu ou mal connus du public
Herbes, drogues et épices en Méditerranée
Des jardins d’Adonis aux tiroirs des apothicaires et aux boutiques des commerçants, les herbes, drogues et épices ont toujours nourri les rêves et entretenu les comptes. Elles furent l’objet d’une curiosité particulière puis d’un engouement et d’un commerce aussi actif que lucratif ; la cause aussi de grandes rivalités entre marchands. Ainsi les retrouvons-nous dans les livres de commerçants juifs, dans les souks du Caire, dans les entrepôts de Smyrne, dans les cales des clippers américains ..
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