Redundancy of primary RNA-binding functions of the bacterial transcription terminator Rho

The bacterial transcription terminator, Rho, terminates transcription at half of the operons. According to the classical model derived from in vitro assays on a few terminators, Rho is recruited to the transcription Elongation Complex (EC) by recognizing specific sites (rut) on the nascent RNA. Here, we explored the mode of in vivo recruitment process of Rho. We show that sequence specific recognition of the rut site, in majority of the Rho-dependent terminators, can be compromised to a great extent without seriously affecting the genome-wide termination function as well as the viability of Escherichia coli. These terminators function optimally only through a NusG-assisted recruitment and activation of Rho. Our data also indicate that at these terminators, Rho-EC-bound NusG interaction facilitates the isomerization of Rho into a translocase-competent form by stabilizing the interactions of mRNA with the secondary RNA binding site, thereby overcoming the defects of the primary RNA binding functions

Antioxidant activities of dried wild rosehips (Rosa moschata) of Kullu Valley, Northwestern Indian Himalaya

Wild rose species Rosa moschata Herrm. syn R. brunonii Lindl. belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has numerous medicinal properties and hence is used to make tea, oil, jam, juice, etc. around the world. The species is found abundantly in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Indian Himalaya. It is considered as weed and is left unattended in the region. The study aimed to assess antioxidant property of the rosehips to establish an enterprise through its value-added product development, especially tea. Results showed rosehip flesh extract yields as 37.92% in water and 39.06% in methanol respectively. Study showed total phenolics content of 660±1.52 mg GAE/g in water and 675±2 mg GAE/g in methanol extract and total flavonoid content of 498±0.50 mg Rutin/g in water and 557.33±0.57 mg Rutin/g in methanol extract. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH IC50 values as 2.72±0.01 AAE µg/mL in water and 1.48±0.09 AAE µg/mL in methanol; ABTS assay as 14.10±2.51 GAE µg/mL in water and 22.68±1.83 GAE µg/mL in methanol; FRAP assay as 32±3.14 µM ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g DW. The study showed that the rosehip species has a high antioxidant property which supports its use as beverages for various health benefits

Therapeutic Implications of Targeting Energy Metabolism in Breast Cancer

PPARs are ligand activated transcription factors. PPAR agonists have been reported as a new and potentially efficacious treatment of inflammation, diabetes, obesity, cancer, AD, and schizophrenia. Since cancer cells show dysregulation of glycolysis they are potentially manageable through changes in metabolic environment. Interestingly, several of the genes involved in maintaining the metabolic environment and the central energy generation pathway are regulated or predicted to be regulated by PPAR . The use of synthetic PPAR ligands as drugs and their recent withdrawal/restricted usage highlight the lack of understanding of the molecular basis of these drugs, their off-target effects, and their network. These data further underscores the complexity of nuclear receptor signalling mechanisms. This paper will discuss the function and role of PPAR in energy metabolism and cancer biology in general and its emergence as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer

Newly Developed Self-Assembling Antioxidants as Potential Therapeutics for the Cancers

Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as significant for cancer survival by functioning as oncogene activators and secondary messengers. Hence, the attenuation of ROS-signaling pathways in cancer by antioxidants seems a suitable therapeutic regime for targeting cancers. Low molecular weight (LMW) antioxidants such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), although they are catalytically effective in vitro, exerts off-target effects in vivo due to their size, thus, limiting their clinical use. Here, we discuss the superior impacts of our TEMPO radical-conjugated self-assembling antioxidant nanoparticle (RNP) compared to the LMW counterpart in terms of pharmacokinetics, therapeutic effect, and adverse effects in various cancer models

Antioxidant activities of dried wild rosehips (Rosa moschata) of Kullu Valley, Northwestern Indian Himalaya

339-345Wild rose species Rosa moschata Herrm. syn R. brunonii Lindl. belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has numerous medicinal properties and hence is used to make tea, oil, jam, juice, etc. around the world. The species is found abundantly in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Indian Himalaya. It is considered as weed and is left unattended in the region. The study aimed to assess antioxidant property of the rosehips to establish an enterprise through its value-added product development, especially tea. Results showed rosehip flesh extract yields as 37.92% in water and 39.06% in methanol respectively. Study showed total phenolics content of 660±1.52 mg GAE/g in water and 675±2 mg GAE/g in methanol extract and total flavonoid content of 498±0.50 mg Rutin/g in water and 557.33±0.57 mg Rutin/g in methanol extract. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH IC50 values as 2.72±0.01 AAE μg/mL in water and 1.48±0.09 AAE μg/mL in methanol; ABTS assay as 14.10±2.51 GAE μg/mL in water and 22.68±1.83 GAE μg/mL in methanol; FRAP assay as 32±3.14 μM ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g DW. The study showed that the rosehip species has a high antioxidant property which supports its use as beverages for various health benefits

Clinical effects of intrathecal midazolam versus intrathecal magnesium sulfate as adjunctsto hyperbaric bupivacaine: A comparative study

Adjuvants are added to intrathecal local anesthetics to improve quality and duration of subarachnoid block. The present study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy and quality of anesthesia produced by midazolam (1 mg) versus magnesium sulfate (50 mg) when given as adjuncts to hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally. In our study, we compared 1 mg midazolam and 50 mg magnesium sulfate as an additive to bupivacaine intrathecally. Materials and Methods: We conducted our study on 124 patients with(ASA) I and II physical status undergoing elective lower abdominal and orthopedic surgeries after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. There were two groups; group MZ which received 3 ml of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine with 1 mg of preservative free midazolam and group MG which received 3 ml of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine with 50 mg magnesium sulfate intrathecally. The onset and duration of sensory block, onset and duration of motor block, and duration of analgesia were recorded. Results: The onset and duration of sensory block was longer in MG group as compared to the MZ group. The onset and duration of motor block was longer in MG group as compared to MZ group. Also, the total duration of analgesia was more in MG group as compared to MZ group. Conclusion: We concluded that 50 mg of intrathecal magnesium sulfate prolonged the duration of sensory and motor block and also the duration of postoperative analgesia with low pain scores as compared to midazolam group. However, it delayed the onset of sensory andmotor block. On the other hand 1 mg of intrathecal midazolam produced an early onset of sensory and motor block but the duration of analgesia was less as compared to the magnesium group