Questioning state corporations as special forms of legal entities

Purpose: The idea of the present article lies in the research of the problem of the state regulation of legal entities with state participation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The subject of the study is based on the regulatory legal acts defining the legal status of state corporations, the legal status of their property and funds, and the legal regulation of financial control over their activities. The legal basis of the research is in the norms of constitutional, financial, administrative and civil law. Findings: The authors presented the overall analysis of the estate corporations, their competitive advantages, the effectiveness of the use of their powers and the value of the corporate social responsibility they promote. Practical Implications: The value of the article is to advice on amending Russian legislation and law enforcement practice to make state corporations accountable to the state. Originality/Value: The main contribution of the study is the detailed analysis of state corporations' business activity as well as their organizational and legal form. Authors suggested justified amendments to be introduced to the legislation and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation.peer-reviewe

Well-Being Indices Comparative Analysis: Russia And Foreign Countries

Using the OECD’s data, we study well-being indices comparison main areas for Russia and economically developed countries. The tendency of unleading countries to find mechanisms of economic growth by the welfare various aspects impact is noted. We used the method of complex efficiency estimation to solve the problem of economic well-being analysis. We assessed the effectiveness and optimality of economic well-being of the population. The effectiveness assessment of economic well-being in Russia revealed a significant gap from foreign countries by most indices. The optimality assessment of economic well-being did not reveal any major differences in values between men and women both in Russia and in foreign countries, but allowed to establish a greater gap between the values of indicators of leading and lagging groups in Russia than in other countries. Indicators ratio of lagging groups in Russia with foreign countries was worse than the ratio of indicators at the entire population level. The results of the economic well-being analysis are advisable to consider in the process of state regulation in Russia. State support of social services should be a priority of social and economic policy on the federal and regional authorities. Our analysis justifies the recommendation to reduce the gap between rich and poor groups of Russia's population by using various regulatory tools, including a progressive scale for a number of taxes

Thermo-oxidative Stability and Flammability of Three-dimensional Polymers Based on Olygocarbonate-methacrylates

By the irreversible condensation reaction of the mono-methacrylic ester of ethylene glycol and chlorocarbonic esters of 2,2-dimethylpropandiol- 1,3 and 2,2-dimethylene chloride-propandiol-1,3, two olygocarbonate methacrylate (OCM-I and -II, respectively) containing unsaturated ends were synthesised. The polymerization of OCM-I and OCM-II in the presence of cumene hydro.peroxide and an accelerator gave two cross-liinked polymers Ln a yield of 70-750/o. The thermal and thermo-oxidative decompositions of the prepared polymers were studied by the thermogravimetric method and by characterization of the volatile pyrolysis products and the nonvolatile polymer residue. The influence of the polymer structure on the mechanism of the decomposition reactions in vacuo as well as iin the presence of oxygen was discussed. The temperature dependence of thermostabiLity was compared with some polymer flammability parameters

Structure and Functional Role of Bacterial CRISPR System

Presented is the review of literature data on the recently discovered system of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), which takes part in the defense against penetration of alien genetic information in prokaryotes. CRISPR structural peculiarities and functions, and putative mechanism of action are described. Also presented are data on the availability of this system in particularly dangerous infections agents and on the possibility of its application for molecular typing

Formation of Innovative Strategies of Regional Economic Development

The new contours of innovative development of economic systems associated with the appearance of network models of innovation and new types of innovation: social, sustainable, user and inclusive,  differ from the traditional approach to the functioning of the raw material model of the economy. The role and place of innovation infrastructure of economic systems in the development of national innovation systems remains paramount.  In this research, the essence of the definition of "innovation infrastructure" in relation to economic systems is supplemented and expanded. In doing so, it specifies the factors providing the formation of the infrastructure of innovative activity of the economic systems which have an impact on the innovativeness of elements of economic systems at the micro-, meso- and macro level. The subject-object structure of information infrastructure of innovative activity of economic systems including business environment, innovative environment, information environment and communication environment is proposed. In addition, it also proposes the model of development of infrastructure of innovative activity focused on technological innovations on the basis of implementation of technological platforms. The worked out model of development of technological infrastructure of innovative activity of the economic system (macro level) contains the directions of transformation of the meso- and micro level where a special role is assigned to the creation of free economic zones which contribute to the development of new forms of interaction of the R&D sector with the real sector of the economy, which will increase the susceptibility of the economic system of Russia and society as a whole to innovation and lead to the development of technological entrepreneurship and the formation of an innovative economy of a new type

The limits of normal approximation for adult height

Adult height inspired the first biometrical and quantitative genetic studies and is a test-case trait for understanding heritability. The studies of height led to formulation of the classical polygenic model, that has a profound influence on the way we view and analyse complex traits. An essential part of the classical model is an assumption of additivity of effects and normality of the distribution of the residuals. However, it may be expected that the normal approximation will become insufficient in bigger studies. Here, we demonstrate that when the height of hundreds of thousands of individuals is analysed, the model complexity needs to be increased to include non-additive interactions between sex, environment and genes. Alternatively, the use of log-normal approximation allowed us to still use the additive effects model. These findings are important for future genetic and methodologic studies that make use of adult height as an exemplar trait

FinTech & New Digital Instruments. Post-Crisis Developments: Russia and Europe

The article examines 2020 post-crisis results and 2021 trends in FinTech regulation development. FinTech, being a relatively new term, has become a completely new industry, which combines rapidly developing technologies and financial products (including digital assets) or services. The year 2020, despite the pandemic and localization (and maybe even more so), seems as significant, if not more so, for market change and further development. The world has changed, and new technologies are vital for successful competition among financial players and even for their survival. Most of the leading international financial centers have focused on regulating FinTech and the use of innovations in classic highly regulated areas. In the article we address the pros and cons of technology regulation and make a comparative analysis of the leading revolutionary trends. The most revolutionary developments have appeared in smaller European countries, which the leaders are forced to follow. Law harmonization has become a natural step forward for Europe to regulate blockchain businesses and to agree on terminology and risk prevention measures for innovation support. The research examines the development and regulation of FinTech in such jurisdictions as Switzerland, Malta, Liechtenstein, Gibraltar and the United States. The approach is interdisciplinary, linking Russian legal norms, applicable rules, and expected results. The main methods used in the research are analysis, comparative-legal, and formal-legal methods

Phenotypic and Molecular-Genetic Analysis of Genetically Modified Toxigenic <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> El Tor Strain 301, Isolated in 2011 in Russia

The phenotypic and molecular-genetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain 301, isolated in 2011 from sea water in recreation zone in Taganrog, demonstrated this isolate to be a genetic variant of El Tor cholera causative agent. Its genome was shown to carry a hybrid prophage, containing gene ctxB of classical type and gene rstR of El Tor type, as well as altered pathogenicity island VPI-1 and pandemicity island VSP-II. This strain produced much more cholera toxin (0,12 mcg/ml) than typical strains of this causative agent

Сравнение альтернативных методов разделения смеси метилацетат – метанол – уксусная кислота – уксусный ангидрид

Objectives. The paper is a comparative analysis of methyl acetate + methanol + acetic acid + acetic anhydride industrial mixture separation flowsheets based on the use of special distillation methods (extractive distillation and pressure-swing distillation). The results obtained illustrate the variability of the structure of the technological separation flowsheet.Methods. Mathematical modeling using the software package Aspen Plus V. 10.0 was chosen as the research method. The simulation was based on the local composition equation NRTL and the Hayden–O’Connell equation of state. The relative uncertainties of phase equilibrium description do not exceed 3%.Results. The vapor–liquid diagram of the quaternary mixture of methyl acetate + methanol + acetic acid + acetic anhydride was studied using thermodynamic topological analysis. It was shown that the system contains one binary azeotrope and is characterized by one distillation region. Although the structure is not complex, there is a possibility of using several methods for mixture separation: pressure-swing distillation, and extractive distillation with different entrainers. Twelve flowsheets with different structure were proposed, and 29 variants of separation were compared.Conclusions. It was shown that the most perspective structure for the separation of a methyl acetate + methanol + acetic acid + acetic anhydride mixture is a combination of distributed sequence separation and extractive distillation.Цели. Целью работы является сравнительный анализ технологических схем разделения промышленной смеси метилацетат – метанол – уксусная кислота – уксусный ангидрид, основанных на использовании специальных методов разделения: экстрактивная ректификация и варьирование давления. Полученные результаты иллюстрируют вариативность структуры технологической схемы разделения.Методы. В качестве метода исследования выбрано математическое моделирование в программном комплексе Aspen Plus V. 10.0. Моделирование основывалось на уравнении локального состава NRTL и уравнении состояния Хейдена–О'Коннелла. Относительные ошибки описания фазового равновесия не превышают 3%.Результаты. С помощью термодинамико-топологического анализа изучена диаграмма парожидкостного равновесия четырехкомпонентной системы метилацетат – метанол – уксусная кислота – уксусный ангидрид. Показано, что система содержит один бинарный азеотроп и характеризуется одной областью дистилляции. Несмотря на то, что структура не является сложной, существует возможность использования нескольких методов разделения смеси: ректификация с варьированием давления, экстрактивная ректификация с различными разделяющими агентами. Предложено 12 технологических схем различной структуры и проведен сравнительный анализ 29 вариантов разделения.Заключение. Показано, что наиболее эффективным для разделения смеси метилацетат – метанол – уксусная кислота – уксусный ангидрид является сочетание промежуточного режима разделения смеси и экстрактивной ректификации

Regression of lumbar disk herniation

Compression of the spinal nerve root, giving rise to pain and sensory and motor disorders in the area of its innervation is the most vivid manifestation of herniated intervertebral disk. Different treatment modalities, including neurosurgery, for evolving these conditions are discussed. There has been recent evidence that spontaneous regression of disk herniation can regress. The paper describes a female patient with large lateralized disc extrusion that has caused compression of the nerve root S1, leading to obvious myotonic and radicular syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging has shown that the clinical manifestations of discogenic radiculopathy, as well myotonic syndrome and morphological changes completely regressed 8 months later. The likely mechanism is inflammation-induced resorption of a large herniated disk fragment, which agrees with the data available in the literature. A decision to perform neurosurgery for which the patient had indications was made during her first consultation. After regression of discogenic radiculopathy, there was only moderate pain caused by musculoskeletal diseases (facet syndrome, piriformis syndrome) that were successfully eliminated by minimally invasive techniques