Prevalence and risk factors for dysmenorrhoea among nursing student and its impact on their quality of life

Background: Dysmenorrhea is an important health problem of adolescent girls, that affects their quality of life and it is one of the leading causes of repeated school absenteeism. The purposes of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for dysmenorrhea among nursing students and its impact on their quality of life.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in St Johns Nursing College, Bengaluru.200 nursing students aged between 18-20 years were included. Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain relevant data. Data was analysed using Chi-sq. test, correlation and regression analysis by SPSS version 23.Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 62.5%. The mean age, age at menarche and, the mean PABC of the students were 18.7±0.48, 13.3±1.20 and 74.96±16.14   respectively, which is not significant. The average length of menstrual cycle was between 28-30 days, duration of bleeding as 3-5 days. Duration of sleep, regular menstrual cycle and low BMI exhibited positive correlation (p<0.05) while Family history and exercising habits did not exhibit significant effect. Dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with repeated school absenteeism (16%).Conclusions: Dysmenorrhoea is found to be highly prevalent among nursing students and is one of the leading causes of absenteeism. Regular cycle, duration of sleep and low BMI were significant risk factors for dysmenorrhea. Findings of present study suggest the need for educating adolescent girls on appropriate and effective management of dysmenorrhea.

Evaluation of Biopesticides against Spotted Alfalfa Aphid, \u3cem\u3e Therioaphis \u3c/em\u3e spp on Alfalfa

Alfalfa or Lucerne, Medicago sativa L. recognised as the oldest among the forage crops, also called as Queen of forages is considered as a superior feed for dairy, horses etc because it is quickly digested, relatively high in protein, low in NDF, excellent source of Ca, Mg, P, vit D and carotene. As a legume it is also known to improve soil structure because it is effective source of biological nitrogen. It mainly suffers both qualitatively and quantitatively from the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata and pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Green fodder yield losses were reported to be 33% in alfalfa due to aphid in new Mexico. Since insecticide usage is discouraged in fodder crops, it was intended to manage the spotted alfalfa aphid with few of the available biopesticides

A CASE REPORT OF SHADBINDU TAILA NASYA AND TRIKATU DHOOMAPANA ON APEENASA-ATROPHIC RHINITIS

Acharya Sushruta stated 28 Nasagata rogas. Out of these 28 Nasagata rogas some features of Pootinashya, Dushtha Pratishyaya and Apeenasa are similar to the clinical features of Atrophic Rhinitis (AR). Apeenasa is a Nasagata Roga characterized by nasal obstruction, running nose, Dryness of nose, anosmia, and loss of taste. This condition can be co-related with Atrophic Rhinitis. Though there are many modalities described in modern ENT, still it is not possible to cease the Permanent Impairment. In Ayurved many modalities are being described for Urdhwajatrugata Rogas and for Nasagata Vikara. Among them Nasya (administered of drugs in to nasal cavity) is best. As it is a Kapha Pradhana Vikara, Katu Dhoomapana can also be added to this procedure. The Nashya procedure is explained by Brihatrayees. The complete procedure of Nashya includes Poorva Karma (Snehana and Swedana), mobilizes the Doshas to the site of elimination and causes vasodilatation which helps in elimination of Doshas and provides better channel for absorption of the Oushadhi. Pradhana Karma (Nashya) eliminates the Doshas. Kavala as Paschat Karma eliminates the remaining Doshas and causes better absorption of the Oushadhi which ultimately eliminates the symptoms of the disease. A clinical observation has shown effective result in the treatment of AR with Shadbindu Taila Nasya and Trikatu Dhoomapana. And here we are revalidating the statement of our Acharyas. A case report of a female, aged 38 years with complain of nasal obstruction, foul smell from nose, anosmia, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing and general weakness has been presented here

Evaluation of Grasslands of Mahboobnagar District, Telangana State

Telangana state is gifted with rich livestock resources; 50.3 lakh cattle, 41.9 lakh buffaloes, 128.7 lakh sheep and 46.7 lakh goats ( Livestock census, 2012).The district of Mahboobnagar in this newly formed State is known for its huge cattle, sheep and goat population. The district ranks first in sheep (37, 30,689) and goat (6, 87,066) population among all districts of state, though ranks second and sixth in cattle and buffalo population, respectively (Live stock census, 2012). The most common sources of fodder to feed these livestock are crop residues (68%), forages from common property resources (CPRs) like forests, pastures and grazing lands (25%), cultivated fodders (3%) and other feeds such as concentrates etc contributes 4%. Though the area under fodder crops is significantly high in this district (24,153 ha), there is a wide gap between the demand and supply. The cultivated forage crops are fed inevitable to cattle while sheep and goat are often fed exclusively by grazing. Owing to \u3c 700 mm annual rainfall and aberrations in climate, the area under natural pastures and grasslands is shrinking; is just 17,560 ha population (LUP Report, 201314) which seldom supports huge sheep and goat. There is a need to identify and evaluate these grasslands for forage quality as these are the only source of fodder for sheep and goat in the district. Hence, a survey had been taken up to document the various plant species under grasslands along with nutritional evaluation

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND ITS INTERPRETATIONS THROUGH AYURVED

Chaksyu is the Pradhana-anga that is affected in Diabetic retinopathy. So the Netra Rakshana is highly essential for the human being in Diabetic retinopathy. Now-a-Days Diabetic retinopathy is a major vision threatening factor. The prevalence rates are; Diabetic retinopathy (34.6%), Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy (7%), diabetic macular oedema (6.8%) and Vision threatening Diabetic retinopathy (10.2%). To treat the disease we need to know the level of impairment, the signs and its etiopathology. In Ayurved it is very important to know the Samprapti before treating the disease. Now-a-days Pratyaksha gyana plays a vital role to trace out the disease. Complain of the patient, sign and symptom of the disease along with the pathogenesis is necessary to diagnose and to treat the disease. The features occurs in the fundus in Diabetic retinopathy cannot visualize by Pratyaksha, explained in classical literatures. Many ophthalmic investigations, procedures have been developed so far like fundoscopy, OCT, B’scan, fluorescent test etc. to detect the pathology occurred in the fundus of Diabetic retinopathy eyes. So it is very important for all Shalaki is to correlate the disease, to derive a conclusion according to the Ayurvedic Samprapti/ pathogenesis and terminology described in classical literatures. By analyzing the Samprapti of the disease we can conclude that, the pathology occurred in fundus are most probably due to the Dhatu-kshaya janya, Urdhwaga-raktapittaja, Mandagni janya and Avarana janya. Diabetic retinopathy can be correlated with Pramehaja Timira and its treatment is the treatment of Prameha explained in classics having Chakshushya property

Studies on Silvi-pasture Systems for Intensive Fodder Production

Silvi-pastoral system with suitable species of trees and grasses help in increasing the land productivity and also maintain environmental potentialities. Moreover, deep root system of trees bind the soil, reduces erosion and extracts moisture from deeper strata of the soil. The effects of tree species on associated crops in agro forestry system are not consistent. The association of cereal and legume forages not only maintains similar level of herbage yield but also nearly doubles the crude protein production. Study of the right combination of tree species and associated crop in agro forestry for this region is the need of the hour. However, meager information is available on silvi pastoral systems with different grass legume components, hence present investigation was undertaken

Assessment of Fodder Production Potential of Lucerne (\u3cem\u3eMedicago sativa\u3c/em\u3e L.) Genotypes for Sustainable Live Stock Production

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a temperate perennial legume capable of producing high quality forage throughout the year. The plant also contains sufficient concentrations of vitamins and most minerals for all classes of livestock. Livestock production can be substantially increased by using lucerne. It is a persistent, productive as well as heat and drought resistant crop which provides better and wet seasons. It tolerates short spell of drought but not water logging and high humidity in the rainy season. Cultivated lucerne is an out crossing auto- tetraploid plant developed by combining different M. sativa and M. falcate germplasm sources in order to maximize heterosis and to secure multiple pest resistance (Gherardi et al., 1998)

Yield and Quality of Dual Purpose Sorghum-Fodder Cowpea Cropping System as Influenced by Integrated Nutrient Management

Integrated nutrient management in cropping system ensures higher fertilizer use efficiency through balanced combination of organic manures and chemical fertilizers. INM is required to stimulate sustainability in production of crops in cropping sequence. Sorghum is commonly grown for grain and fodder in different agro-climatic regions of Andhra Pradesh. The crop can be grown both in kharif and rabi season. In our country, sorghum provides a cheap source of dietary carbohydrate and energy. Sorghum is a C4 plant species however grain and fodder yields are low mainly because of low inputs. Since it is not precisely known that what would be the most advantageous combination of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer to get maximum yield from sorghum crop, this experiment was formulated. Fodder cowpea is also included as rabi crop to quantify residual effect of nutrients in the system

Maternal and perinatal outcome in eclampsia complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; a three years’ experience in a tertiary care hospital

Background: PRES can be associated with number of medical conditions and was observed frequently in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Neuroimaging is important for the diagnosis of PRES. Study was conducted to find out the maternal and perinatal outcome in patients with eclampsia complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).Methods: This is a retrospective study done at St. Johns Medical College Bangalore, between October 2013 and October 2016. We reviewed case records of all the patients with eclampsia who underwent neuro imaging studies and a diagnosis of PRES was made. The maternal and perinatal outcomes in these women were studiedResults: In the past three years we had 55 cases of eclampsia who underwent neuroimaging studies for persistent neurological symptoms after 24 hours of MgSO­4 treatment. Of these women 30 were diagnosed to have PRES. In the present study PRES was common in multiparous women and more in patients with antepartum eclamptic women. Mean age at diagnosis of PRES was 26±5.1 years. Common presenting symptoms were headache (93.3%) and vomiting (53.3%). The mean SBP/DBP was 180/110 mmHg. All patients who had recurrent seizures were controlled with MgSO­4 alone. 53.3% of our patients had eclampsia related complications and 36.7% required ICU care. There were 3 maternal deaths (10%). Perinatal mortality was 20%.Conclusions: Neuroimaging in eclamptic patients with persistent neurological symptoms could help in early diagnosis of PRES and multidisciplinary approach in management could contribute significantly in reducing the maternal mortality and morbidity