Persistence of Azoxystrobin in/on Grapes and Soil in Different Grapes Growing Areas of India

Persistence of azoxystrobin was studied in/on grapes when applied @ 150 g ai ha−1 (recommended dose) and 300 g ai ha−1 (double the recommended dose) in three grapes growing states of India, namely Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, in the year 2006–2007. A total of five sprays were given at an interval of about 15 days. Grapes and soil samples were collected after 5th spray, extracted and analysed by gas chromatography using electron capture detector. Half life of azoxystrobin on grapes varied from 5.4 to 11.2 days. Residues of azoxystrobin were much below the prescribed MRL (0.5 mg kg−1) after 21 days. The dissipation of azoxystrobin in soil followed first order rate kinetics with an average half life of 8.1 days at the recommended dose of application

Rapid assembly of a polar network architecture drives efficient actomyosin contractility

Actin network architecture and dynamics play a central role in cell contractility and tissue morphogenesis. RhoA-driven pulsed contractions are a generic mode of actomyosin contractility, but the mechanisms under- lying how their specific architecture emerges and how this architecture supports the contractile function of the network remain unclear. Here we show that, during pulsed contractions, the actin network is assembled by two subpopulations of formins: a functionally inactive population (recruited) and formins actively partici- pating in actin filament elongation (elongating). We then show that elongating formins assemble a polar actin network, with barbed ends pointing out of the pulse. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this geometry favors rapid network contraction. Our results show that formins convert a local RhoA activity gradient into a polar network architecture, causing efficient network contractility, underlying the key function of kinetic con- trols in the assembly and mechanics of cortical network architectures

Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment

T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article

Gene bashing of ceh-6 locus identifies genomic regions important for ceh-6 rectal cell expression and rescue of its mutant lethality

International audienc

Use of the pro-seal laryngeal mask airway facilitates percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in an intensive care unit

Purpose: To study the feasibility of using the pro-seal laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for airway maintenance during bronchoscopic-guided percutaneous tracheostomy. Materials and Methods: Observational study of 60 patients in a 16-bed intensive care unit. The patient\u2032s tracheal tube was exchanged for a pro-seal LMA before undertaking percutaneous tracheostomy. Results: Inspiratory pressure and tidal volumes achieved during the procedure were recorded. The median peak inspiratory pressure was 25 (standard deviation 4.4) cm H2O. There was no loss of tidal volume in 30 patients, a loss of less than 100 mL/breath in 27, and loss of more than 100 mL in 3 patients. A pro-seal LMA successfully maintained the airway and allowed adequate ventilation during per-cutaneous tracheostomy in all 60 patients. In all patients, fiber optic bronchoscopy through the pro-seal LMA provided a clear view of the cords and trachea and there was no laryngeal or tracheal soiling at any stage of the procedure. Conclusion: The pro-seal LMA provides a reliable airway and allows effective ventilation during percutaneous tracheostomy. The passage of a fiberscope through the pro-seal LMA and glottis is easy and provides a clear view of the upper trachea

Use of the pro-seal laryngeal mask airway facilitates percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in an intensive care unit

Purpose: To study the feasibility of using the pro-seal laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for airway maintenance during bronchoscopic-guided percutaneous tracheostomy. Materials and Methods: Observational study of 60 patients in a 16-bed intensive care unit. The patient′s tracheal tube was exchanged for a pro-seal LMA before undertaking percutaneous tracheostomy. Results: Inspiratory pressure and tidal volumes achieved during the procedure were recorded. The median peak inspiratory pressure was 25 (standard deviation 4.4) cm H2O. There was no loss of tidal volume in 30 patients, a loss of less than 100 mL/breath in 27, and loss of more than 100 mL in 3 patients. A pro-seal LMA successfully maintained the airway and allowed adequate ventilation during per-cutaneous tracheostomy in all 60 patients. In all patients, fiber optic bronchoscopy through the pro-seal LMA provided a clear view of the cords and trachea and there was no laryngeal or tracheal soiling at any stage of the procedure. Conclusion: The pro-seal LMA provides a reliable airway and allows effective ventilation during percutaneous tracheostomy. The passage of a fiberscope through the pro-seal LMA and glottis is easy and provides a clear view of the upper trachea

Structural properties of rotating hybrid compact stars with color-flavor-locked quark matter core and their tidal deformability

We investigate the hybrid compact stars consisting of nucleons, hyperons and three flavor color-flavor-locked quark phase under global neutrality and chemical equilibrium conditions. The hadronic equations of state are computed within the framework of energy density functionals based on the relativistic mean field theory by employing two different model. The quark matter phase of equation of state is computed by using Quark Quasiparticle model derived from a non-relativistic energy density-functional approach. A set of hybrid equations of state for superdense hadron-quark matter is obtained and, employed to investigate the structural properties of non-rotating and rotating compact stars. The internal structure of rotating star with observed spin down frequencies, exhibiting shrinkage of soft quark core of compact stars are discussed for constant baryonic mass. We present the theoretically computed limits of radii for the spin down configurations of hybrid stars corresponding to the recently observed millisecond pulsars. The various EOSs considered in the present work are well within the recent astrophysical constraints on mass and radius measurements (Riley et al. in Astrophys J Lett 918(2):L27, 2021; Millet et al. in http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.0697

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Not AvailableThe survey of the management practices being followed in the forest nurseries and their physico-chemical characteristics was undertaken in district Bilaspur and Solan under Bilaspur Circle in Himachal Pradesh. The soil reaction was slightly acidic to neutral and electrical conductivity in safer limits, without any salinity hazards. A predominance of clay loam soil texture was observed with high organic carbon status. The soils were categorized as medium, high and medium with respect to available N, P and K, whereas high status of available Ca, Mg and S was observed.. It can be concluded from the results that loam texture, neutral soil reaction and good fertility status of the forest nurseries of Bilaspur circle have a great potential to produce healthy stock provided recommended package of practices coupled with balanced use of NPK fertilizers and organic manures are followed.Not Availabl

A comparative study of pain in patients planned for tooth extraction and dental implant insertion

Introduction: A variation in dental pain following tooth extraction and implant placement has been observed. The present study aimed to compare pain in patients undergoing tooth extraction and implant placement. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients underwent tooth extraction and implant placement in maxillary central incisor. Pain (VAS) was recorded at 24 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Results: The mean pain value (VAS) at 24 h post-operatively after tooth extraction was 6.1 and after implant insertion was 2.9. At 48 h after tooth extraction was 4.3 and after implant insertion was 1.1 and after 72 h after tooth extraction was 2.4 and after implant insertion was 0.27. A significant difference was observed between both procedures at different intervals of time (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The pain experienced by patients during dental implant insertion was comparatively less as compared to dental tooth extraction

Decoding the molecular design principles underlying Ca²⁺ binding to βγ-crystallin motifs

Numerous proteins belonging to the recently expanded βγ-crystallin superfamily bind Ca²⁺ at the double-clamp N/D-N/D-X_1-X_2-S/T-S motif. However, there have been no attempts to understand the intricacies involving Ca²⁺ binding, such as the determinants of Ca²⁺-binding affinity and their contributions to gain in stability. This work is an in-depth analysis of understanding the modes and determinants of Ca²⁺ binding to βγ-crystallin motifs. We have performed extensive naturally occurring substitutions from related proteins on the βγ-crystallin domains of flavollin, a low-affinity Ca²⁺-binding protein, and clostrillin, a moderate-affinity protein. We monitored the consequences of these modifications on Ca²⁺ binding by isothermal titration calorimetry, thermal stability and conformational and crystal structure analyses. We demonstrate that Ca²⁺ binding to the two sites of a βγ-domain is interdependent and that the presence of Arg at the fifth position disables a site. A change from Thr to Ser, or vice versa, influences Ca²⁺-binding affinity, highlighting the basis of diversity found in these domains. A subtle change in the first site has a greater influence on Ca²⁺ binding than a similar alteration in the second site. Thus, the second site is more variable in nature. Replacing an acidic or hydrophobic residue in a binding site alters the Ca²⁺-binding properties drastically. While it appears from their binding site sequence that these domains have evolved randomly, our examination illustrates the subtlety in the design of these modules. Decoding such design schemes would aid in our understanding of the functional themes underlying differential Ca²⁺ binding and in predicting these in emerging sequence information