Mathematical Modelling Method Application for Optimisation of Catalytic Reforming process

The application of mathematical modelling method monitoring of catalytic reforming unit of Komsomolsk oil-refinery is proposed. The mathematical model-based system “Catalyst's Control” which takes into account both the physical and chemical mechanisms of hydrocarbon mixture conversion reaction as well as the catalyst deactivation was used for catalytic reforming installation monitoring. The models created can be used for optimization and prediction of operating parameters (octane number, reactors outlet temperature and yield) of the reforming process. It is shown, that the work on the optimal activity allows increasing product output with a constant level of production costs, and get the information about Pt-Re catalyst work efficiency

Computer Modelling System Application for Catalytic Reforming Unit Work Optimisation

Catalytic reforming of naphtha is one of the most important processes for high octane gasoline manufacture and aromatic hydrocarbons production. The application of computer modelling system “Catalyst's Control” for monitoring of catalytic reforming unit of Achinsk oil-refinery is stated. The mathematical model-based system takes into account the physical and chemical mechanisms of hydrocarbon mixture conversion reaction as well as the catalyst deactivation. The models created can be used for optimization and prediction of operating parameters (octane number, reactors outlet temperature and yield) of the reforming process. It is shown, that the work on the optimal activity allows increasing product output with a constant level of production costs, and get the information about Pt-Re catalyst work efficiency

Mathematical Modelling Method Application for Optimisation of Catalytic Reforming process

The application of mathematical modelling method monitoring of catalytic reforming unit of Komsomolsk oil-refinery is proposed. The mathematical model-based system “Catalyst's Control” which takes into account both the physical and chemical mechanisms of hydrocarbon mixture conversion reaction as well as the catalyst deactivation was used for catalytic reforming installation monitoring. The models created can be used for optimization and prediction of operating parameters (octane number, reactors outlet temperature and yield) of the reforming process. It is shown, that the work on the optimal activity allows increasing product output with a constant level of production costs, and get the information about Pt-Re catalyst work efficiency

The Nicolas Bourriaud Approach Applied to Remida : The Center for Creative Recycling within the Discourses of Contemporary Aesthetics and Pedagogy

In this thesis, I will apply the aesthetic theories of Nicholas Bourriaud, a French artist, curator, and art critic, to a case study of Remida, a creative recycling center in Trondheim, Norway. In 1998, Nicolas Bourriaud published a book entitled Esthétique relationnelle in which he introduced a theory relating to certain, very visible trends in contemporary art. Bourriaud suggested that interhuman relationships and artistic processes had become equally important as artistic products (what he called “representational art”). Using financial support from the French government, Bourriaud established a centre for contemporary art (a “laboratory”) in Palais de Tokyo in Paris. Bourriaud developed his ideas further in a 2002 book, Postproduction and was recently appointed director of École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In the spring of 2009, after years of planning, the Remida center opened in Trondheim, Norway. Remida was inspired by similar centers in Italy which were inspired, in turn, by an educational philosophy known as the Reggio Emilia approach to pedagogy. Evolving in the Italian town of Reggio Emilia after World War II, the Reggio Emilia approach represented a response to the fascist ideology and totalitarian thinking of the previous decades. In the Reggio Emilia approach, education was considered a dynamic, intersubjective process. Dialogue, “free thought,” a sense of community, and mutual respect were considered key. Special attention was paid to developing a child’s aesthetic sense. In the late 1960s, ateliers were introduced into infant-toddler centers and preschools in the town of Reggio Emilia. Later, inspired by these school-ateliers and in collaboration with the town’s environmental organization, the first Remida center opened. Since the 1990s, a distinct and visible trend in contemporary art has become known as “an educational turn.” “Artists are turning to education, borrowing its techniques, social settings, tools, aims, furniture, characters and so on.”(1) The art of the encounter has become a common aesthetic practice –or even the “main event” at contemporary art exhibitions. Nicolas Bourriaud´s theories of relational aesthetics are associated here with this “educational turn”, a trend now seen as critical within the field of contemporary aesthetics. At the same time, pedagogical methods which stress aesthetic values and exploration, methods such as Reggio Emilia pedagogy, are regarded as equally important within the field of education. In this thesis, I use the theories of Nicholas Bourriaud to place Remida, a creative recycling center in Trondheim, in the context of these current trends. I will explore the ways in which contemporary aesthetics is influenced by educational principles and vice versa: the ways in which educational thinking is influenced by aesthetic values. (1) Dave Beech, “Weberian lessons: art, pedagogy, managerialism”, in: O’Neill, P. and Wilson, M. (Eds.) Curating and the educational turn, (London: Open Editions/de Appel, 2010): 40

Обоснование раннего удаления хрусталика в лечении заболевания первичного закрытия угла передней камеры

PURPOSE. To demonstrate the feasibility of early lens extraction in the treatment of primary angle closure disease in clinical practice.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Three clinical cases are presented at different stages of primary angle closure disease (PACD). The first one is related to the development of a bilateral acute attack of primary angle closure (PAC) in the intensive care unit during the treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with a previously undiagnosed PACD. The second case demonstrates the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) in early primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and delayed selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) against the background of increased lens thickness. The third example illustrates the progression of advanced PACG in the right eye (OD) and moderate PACG in the left eye (OS), which was due to the formation of goniosynechia after bilateral LPI, which required transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) in OD and trabeculectomy in OS. Subsequently, bilateral lens extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens (LE+IOL) and SLT was performed.RESULTS. In the first clinical case, advanced PACG developed in both eyes within 2 months. After bilateral LPI, trabeculectomy, compensation of intraocular pressure (IOP) was achieved, visual functions remained the same. In the second clinical case, 5.5 years after LPI and SLT, an increase in the thickness of the lens was revealed (OD by 0.2 mm, OS 0.48 mm). GON did not progress in OD (the rate of thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer was 0.94 µm/year, p=0.32 and the progression rate in OS was -1.04 µm/year (p=0.018). Taking into account the lens mechanism of the progression of PACD, bilateral LE+IOL was recommended. In the third clinical example IOP remained elevated after bilateral LPI, TSCP in OD and trabeculectomy in OS as a result of goniosinechiogenesis, and therefore LE+IOL also did not lead to its decrease. After bilateral SLT, compensation of IOP was achieved without local hypotensive therapy (IOP, Icare: OD 18.0 mm Hg, OS 15 mm Hg).CONCLUSION. For preserving visual functions LE+IOL is highly recommended at the very beginning of PACD in order to prevent the formation of GON and goniosynechia. This is dictated by the dominant role of the lens mechanism in the PACD formation as it is demonstrated in the described clinical examples.ЦЕЛЬ. Продемонстрировать целесообразность раннего удаления хрусталика в лечении заболевания первичного закрытия угла в клинической практике.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ. Представлены три клинических случая на разных стадиях заболевания первичного закрытия угла (ЗПЗУ). Первый связан развитием двухстороннего приступа первичного закрытия угла (ПЗУ) в отделении интенсивной терапии на фоне лечения острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРСД), связанного с пневмонией COVID-19, у пациентки с ранее не диагностированным ЗПЗУ. Второй случай демонстрирует прогрессирование глаукомной оптической нейропатии (ГОН) при начальной первичной закрытоугольной глаукоме (ПЗУГ) после периферической лазерной иридотомии (ПЛИТ) и отсроченной селективной лазерной трабекулопластики (СЛТ) на фоне увеличения толщины хрусталика. Третий пример иллюстрирует прогрессирование далекозашедшей ПЗУГ на правом глазу (OD) и развитой ПЗУГ на левом (OS), которое было обусловлено формированием гониосинехий после билатеральной ПЛИТ, что потребовало выполнения диодной транссклеральнной циклофотокоагуляции (ДТЦК) на OD и синустрабекулэктомии (СТЭК) на OS. В дальнейшем выполнена билатеральная факоэмульсификация катаракты с имплантацией интраокулярной линзы (ФЭ+ИОЛ) и СЛТ.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В первом клиническом случае в течение 2-х месяцев развилась далекозашедшая ПЗУГ на обоих глазах. После двухсторонней ПЛИТ, СТЭК достигнута компенсация внутриглазного давления (ВГД), зрительные функции остались прежними. Во втором клиническом случае через 5,5 лет после ПЛИТ и СЛТ выявлено увеличение толщины хрусталика (OD на 0,2 мм, OS 0,48 мм). На OD ГОН стабильна (скорость истончения слоя нервных волокон сетчатки 0,94 мкм/год, p=0,32, на OS скорость прогрессирования составила -1,04 мкм/год, p=0,018. Учитывая хрусталиковый механизм прогрессирования ЗПЗУ, рекомендована билатеральная ФЭ+ИОЛ. В третьем клиническом примере ВГД оставалось повышенным после билатеральной ПЛИТ, ДТЦК на OD и СТЭК на OS в результате гониосинехиообразования, а потому ФЭ+ИОЛ также не привела к его снижению. После двухсторонней СЛТ достигнута компенсация ВГД без местной гипотензивной терапии (ВГД по данным Icare на OD 18,0 мм рт.ст., OS 15 мм рт.ст.).ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Для сохранения зрительных функций в лечении ЗПЗУ необходимо проводить ФЭ+ИОЛ в самом начале заболевания до формирования ГОН и гониосинехий. Это продиктовано доминирующей ролью хрусталика в формировании ЗПЗУ в описанных клинических примерах