SECURE AND RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY WITH CHALLENGES- SMART GRID

Smart Grid implementations will certainly increase the quantity, quality and use of information available from advanced sensing, computing and communications hardware as well as software. There is virtually universal agreement that it is necessary to upgrade the electric grid to increase overall system efficiency and reliability. Many technologies currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. The reliance on old technology leads to inefficient systems, costing unnecessary money to the utilities, consumers and taxpayers. To upgrade the grid and to operate an improved grid will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and broadband communication capabilities. The access and communications capabilities require the latest in security technology which are reliable for extremely large, wide-area communications networks. This paper discusses features, reasons of development, barriers and their solutions for a smart grid system

LIBS-Based Detection of Antioxidant Elements in Seeds of Emblica officinalis

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the elements of the extract of seed from Emblica officinalis on antioxidant enzymes and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes membrane in normal as well as streptozotocin-induced severely diabetic albino Wister rats. The results revealed that the untreated diabetic rats exhibited increase in oxidative stress as indicated by significantly diminished activities of free radical scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 37.5% (p

Midostaurin inhibits hormone-refractory prostate cancer PC-3 cells by modulating nPKCs and AP-1 transcription factors and their target genes involved in cell cycle

Background: The development of prostate cancer from a clinically localized, hormone-naive state to a hormonerefractory phenotype involves a complex interplay of protein kinase C (PKC) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Therefore, the present study aimed to uncover the roles of PKC and AP-1 through midostaurin-mediated regulation�a multi-target protein kinase inhibitor. Methods: Androgen Receptor-negative, hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells (PC-3) were used as an in-vitro model system. The effect of midostaurin on cell viability was assessed by an MTT assay. Expression studies on PKC-α, PKC-d, different AP-1 transcription factors, and AP-1 regulating genes were analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR, and protein levels of Bcl-2 were evaluated by western blotting. Results: Midostaurin decreased the viability of hormone-refractory PC-3 cells. Furthermore, midostaurin significantly induced the transcripts of apoptotic-mediated PKC-d, tumor suppressor p53, cell cycle inhibitor p21cip1/waf1, death receptor TNF-α, pro-apoptotic Bax, and Caspase-8, and eventually inhibited the expression of pro-survival PKC-ε, pro-oncogene c-Jun, c-Fos, Fra-1, positive growth regulator cyclin D1, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. In addition, midostaurin also decreased the protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Conclusion: The present study provided evidence that midostaurin suppresses tumor growth and induces apoptosis in hormone-refractory PC-3 cells via modulation of PKC-d and PKC-ε expression, and regulation of PMA-altered c-Jun, c-Fos, and Fra-1 AP-1 transcription factors and their target genes involved in cell cycle regulation (cyclin D1, p53, p21, Bcl-2, and TNF-α). Thus, pharmacological targeting of PKC and AP-1 factors may have therapeutic potential against hormone-refractory prostate cancer. © 2017, Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Ultraviolet Radiation Detection by Barium Titanate Thin Films Grown by Sol-gel Hydrothermal Method

AbstractFerroelectric Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO) thin film has been prepared successfully by sol-gel hydrothermal method (SG-HT) which combines the basic sol-gel process with hydrothermal treatment. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) study reveals single phase polycrystalline tetragonal structure of the prepared BTO thin film. Optical properties were studied using UV- Visible spectroscopy and band gap was found to be 3.51eV. The I–V characteristics revealed a low dark current (Ioff) of 6.07 × 10-9 A for the prepared BTO thin film which increases to 4.06 × 10-6 A (Ion) by almost three orders of magnitude when illuminated with UV radiation (λ = 365nm, Intensity = 24μW/cm2). The photoconductive gain (K = Ion/Ioff), was found to be 6.7 × 102. It can be clearly seen that the prepared BTO film can be utilized as an efficient Ultraviolet photodetector

Biophysical Properties of the Watermelon Mosaic Virus-1 Causing Mosaic in Watermelon

Watermelon mosaic viruse-1 (WMV) is synonymous of papaya ring spot virus strain W. It is considered to be economically important filamentous virus of Indian sub-continent among the top ten viruses of watermelon .It causes severe mosaic mottling, blistering and malformation of leaves of watermelon. Watermelon mosaic virus-1 is a member of potyviridae. The virus contains ribonucleic acid (RNA) with filamentous particles measuring 760-800 x 12 nm size. The Thermal Inactivation Point of WMV-1 is 50-550C, Dilution End Point between 10-3 to 10-4 and longevity 24 hrs at room temperature only and remove the at 8 days  at 10-12°C.Watermelon mosaic viruse-1 was transmitted through sap and insect vectors in a non persistent manner. Three species of aphids (Aphis craccivora, Myzus persicae  and Aphis gossypii ) have been found to transmit this virus. Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae could transmit all the isolates of WMV-1 and A. gassypii was the most efficient vector. It was not transmitted through seeds and soil. Key words: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.), Watermelon mosaic virus-1 TIP, DEP and LIV N.K. Sharma. Biophysical Properties of the Watermelon Mosaic Virus-1 Causing Mosaic in Watermelon. J Phytol 2/9 (2010) 21-24

Thermoelastic Properties of Superoxide

We have applied an Extended Three Body Force Shell Model (ETSM) by incorporating the effect of translational- rotational coupling for the investigation of thermoelastic properties such as cohesive energy(??, molecular force constant(f), compressibility(b), Restrahlen frequency (??), Debye temperature (qD), Gruneisen parameter (g), second Gruneisen parameter (q), Moelwyn Hughes constants (F1), and ratio of volume expansion coefficient (av) to volume specific heat (cv ) of superoxide materials NaO2 and KO2 at 300K. Besides this we have calculated static shear modulii (c44). The shear modulii computed between the temperatures ranges 50K to 500K. Here, we could compare our result with experimental data for thermal properties only at room temperature and the magnitudes of SOECs seem to be correct, also the ETSM method produces the sign of SOECs correctly. Keywords: Orientationally Disordered Materials, Shear modulii, ETSM, TR coupling, Elastic constants] PACS: 62.60.bc,; 65.50-

Optimization of Surface Roughness of D2 Steels in WEDM using ANN Technique

Attempt has been made to investigate the experimental process and surface roughness (SR) optimization of cold working (high carbon and high chromium) hard die steel (D2) during wire electrical discharge machining processes (WEDM). It is very difficult to determine optimal cutting parameters for improving cutting performance has been reported. Wire electrical discharge machining process relies heavily on the operators’ technologies and experience because of their numerous and diverse range as using complicated cuts can made through difficult to machine electrically conductive components, WEDM process was developed to generate precise cutting on complicate, hard and difficult to machine materials. Tan-sigmoid and purlin transfer functional with bias based four layered back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) approach have been used to investigate the effect of six independent parameters namely gap voltage (Vg), flush rate (Fr), Pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), wire feed (Wf) and wire tension (Wt) over CLA value of surface roughness (Ra) along with corresponding material removal rate (MRR). A fractional factorial design of experiment of three level were employed to conduct 80 rows of experiment on (D2) steel with chrome coated copper alloy wire electrode. The predicted response, CLA values of SR and corresponding MRR were observed by the approach of BPANN from experimental (55 rows for training, 15 rows for validation and 10 for testing) data. Software instructed programme has been used individually for training, validation and testing in MATLAB 2010a to find the corresponding prediction output. Two fold cross over technique (TFCT) were used to developed distinguish (S1 and S2) models and also developed more models depending on numbers of neurons used in primary and secondary hidden layers. The model adequacy is very satisfactory as correlation coefficient (R2) is found to be 99.1% and adjusted (Radj.2) statistics is 98.5. It is found those spark time ON/OFF, wire feed rate, wire tension, gap voltage and flush rate and few of their interactions have significant effect on SR