A Review on Fuzzy - AHP technique in Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects, India

There are several countries today using procedures for Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is based on a series of mathematical techniques which attempt to localize, describe and assess the positive and negative effects that any human activity has on our environment, generally causing it to deteriorate. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects requires the evaluation of the effects of very diverse actions on a number of different environmental factors, the uncertainty and inaccuracy being inherent in the process of allocating values to environmental impacts carried out by a panel of experts, stakeholders and affected population. The application of the fuzzy Logic and AHP technique can be helpful in identification of the risk associated with construction or developing project and improves the study of EIA. Fuzzy is one of the characteristics of human thoughts for which fuzzy sets theory is an effective tool for fuzziness. A fuzzy logic knowledge-based approach can be used for the environmental impact assessment study of the different construction projects. The review article highlights the role of Fuzzy AHP logic method in EIA of different construction projects, fuzzy logic modeling - software for fuzzy EIA, fuzzy numbers and steps of fuzzy methods as well as reveals that how fuzziness can be determined by applying fuzzy logic method in construction projects

Consequences of Pesticides on Environment: A Review

Outrageous use of pesticides has raised major issue of environmental concern. Pesticides cover broad range of insecticides, fungicides, weedicides, herbicides, rodenticides, nematicides, molluscicides, growth regulators etc. Although the purpose of pesticides is to harm only the target pests but if it is not used correctly, they can also harm people or the environment. Agricultural development perpetuates to remain the most paramount objective of Indian orchestrating and policy. In the process of development of agriculture, pesticides have become a consequential implement as a plant protection agent for boosting aliment engenderment. Further, pesticides play a consequential role by keeping many dreadful diseases. However, exposure to pesticides both occupationally and environmentally causes a range of human health quandaries. The objective of this paper is to review effects of pesticides on various biotic and abiotic factors of the environment and to mitigate proper solutions for it

Seasonal Evaluation of Hydro-Geochemical Parameters using Goal Programming with Multiple Nonlinear Regression

Abstract Goal programming is regarded as a prove

Role of surface passivating ligand and growth temperature on the size quantization effects of colloidal hybrid (MEH-PPV/P3HT:PbSe) nanocomposites

In this work, it has been demonstrated that a systematic combination of the reaction and growth conditions allows the possibility to produce high quality PbSe nanocrystals over a broad range of diameters with narrow size distributions without resorting to any size selective precipitation techniques. Effect of capping agents and critical growth parameters such as injection and growth temperature on the morphology of PbSe nanocrystallites is analyzed and discussed in terms of Efros'effective mass approximation theory and Wang's hyperbolic band model respectively. It is found that a hyperbolic Wang's band model is sufficiently accurate to explain the size quantization effects of PbSe nanocrystals. The capping agent/ligand (tri-n-octylphosphine and oleic acid mixture) helps to control the grain growth of the nanocrystals during its formation and increases the dispersibility of the nanocrystals in conducting polymer matrices viz. poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) for its application in photovoltaics

Оптичні властивості хімічно синтезованих нанокомпозитів PANI-TiO2

У роботі представлені результати синтезу нанокомпозиту (PANI)1 – x(TiO2)x (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) з використанням хімічної окислювальної полімеризації аніліну in-situ з використанням сульфату пероксиду амонію як окислювача у присутності наночастинок колоїдного анатазу TiO2 при 0-5 °С на повітрі. Рентгенівська дифракція цих зразків виявила аморфну природу поліаніліну, яка не змінювалася при додаванні наночастинок TiO2 під час процесу полімеризації. Електронограми, отримані з ТЕМ, також показали аморфну природу поліаніліну. Наночастинки TiO2 демонструють дифракцію від множинних площин ґраток, що походять з полікристалічної природи наночастинок. Електронограма, що відповідає нанокомпозиту, ілюструє площини гратки із міжплощинною відстанню 3.56 Å, отриману з (101) площин ґратки наночастинок TiO2. Для вивчення вібраційного режиму нанокомпозитів PANI і PANI-TiO2 спостерігалися спектри комбінаційного розсіювання. Спектри поглинання нанокомпозитних зразків були отримані з використанням спектрофотометра UV-VIS-NIR (Varian Cary 5000). Енергію забороненої зони нанокомпозитів визначали за допомогою співвідношення Талька. При збільшенні вмісту TiO2 у полімерній матриці спостерігався зсув забороненої зони.The present manuscript details on the synthesis of (PANI)1 – x(TiO2)x nanocomposite (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) using an in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxide sulfate (APS) as an oxidant in presence of colloidal anatase TiO2 nanoparticles at 0-5 °C in air. The X-ray diffraction of these specimens revealed amorphous nature of polyaniline which did not change with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles during polymerization process. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern obtained from TEM also indicated the amorphous nature of polyaniline. The TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit diffraction from multiple lattice planes originating from polycrystalline nature of nanoparticles. The SAED pattern corresponding to the nanocomposite displays lattice planes showing inter planar spacing of 3.56 Å resulting from (101) lattice planes of TiO2 nanoparticles. To study the vibration mode of PANI and PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites, Raman spectra was observed. Absorption spectra of the nanocomposite samples have been taken using UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 5000). The band gap energy (Eg) of the nanocomposites was determined using Talc’s relationship. As the content of TiO2 was increased in the polymer matrix, the shift of the optical band gap was observed

Periodontal diseases: A covert focus of inflammation in pulmonary diseases

Pulmonary diseases have known to exert significant human sufferings with high death toll globally. The association between periodontitis and pulmonary diseases is still in its infancy and needs attention. Poor oral health has shown to influence pulmonary health as well as the course of the diseases associated with this system. Numerous studies have emphasized that resident microorganisms of lungs are primarily the habitants of oral cavity. It could be due to the aspiration of oral periodontopathic bacteria into the lungs, thereby initiating the inflammatory process. Added to this, the inflammatory mediators elaborated from the inflamed periodontium in case of periodontal diseases may spread via blood to other organs such as lungs causing infections. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial role of periodontal therapy in improving lung function with a decreased frequency of exacerbations, reduced risk of adverse respiratory events, and morbidity, especially in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Medically compromised dentate patients admitted in intensive care units owing to their inability to maintain oral hygiene properly have increased propensity of acquiring respiratory infections. The present review focuses on emphasizing the relationship between periodontitis and pulmonary diseases with the available published literature utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar databases in the last four decades

Вплив матеріалів верхнього електрода на комутаційні характеристики та властивості витривалості пристрою RRAM на основі оксиду цинку

У роботі повідомляється про вплив матеріалів верхнього електрода, тобто Al, Ag та Ti, на комутаційні характеристики резистивних пристроїв пам'яті з випадковим доступом (RRAM) на основі тонкої плівки оксиду цинку (ZnO). Пристрої RRAM зі структурою електрода Si/Pt/Ti/ZnO/Top (Al або Ag або Ti) були успішно виготовлені, і були виміряні їх комутаційні характеристики. Структурні властивості тонкої плівки оксиду металу ZnO вивчалися з використанням рентгенівського дифрактометра (XRD), атомно-силової мікроскопії (AFM) та скануючого електронного мікроскопа (SEM). Комутаційні характеристики виготовлених пристроїв визначали за допомогою кривих I-V, які отримували за допомогою напівпровідникового аналізатора параметрів. Було помічено, що виготовлені пристрої виявляли біполярні властивості. Структура Si/Pt/Ti/ZnO/Ag показала найкращу витривалість до 10^3 циклів. Крім того, вимірювання утримуючих властивостей при кімнатній температурі проводилося також для структурованого пристрою Si/Pt/Ti/ZnO/Ag, що підтверджує енергонезалежні властивості вироблених пристроїв. Співвідношення станів низького опору (LRS) та високого опору (HRS) було встановлено максимальним для верхнього електрода Ag до 10^2. Помічено, що струми LRS та HRS пристрою не погіршуються до 10^4 с.This work reports the effect of top electrode materials, i.e., Al, Ag, and Ti on the switching characteristics of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices based on zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film. The RRAM devices with Si/Pt/Ti/ZnO/Top electrode (Al or Ag or Ti) structure were successfully fabricated, and their switching characteristics were measured. The structural properties of ZnO metal oxide thin film were studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The switching characteristics of the fabricated devices were measured with the help of I-V curves, which were measured using semiconductor parameter analyzer. It has been observed that the manufactured devices have exhibited bipolar properties. The Si/Pt/Ti/ZnO/Ag structure has shown the best endurance up to 10^3 cycles. Further, the measurement of retention properties at room temperature was also done for Si/Pt/Ti/ZnO/Ag structured device, which confirms the non-volatile properties of the obtained devices. The ratio of low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS) was found maximum for Ag top electrode up to 10^2. It has been observed that LRS and HRS currents of the device do not degrade up to 10^4 s

Effect of surface passivating ligand on structural and optoelectronic properties of polymer : CdSe quantum dot composites

We demonstrate the effect of surface passivation of cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) (~5–7 nm) by tri-n-octylphosphene-oxide (TOPO) and oleic acid (OA) on the structural and optoelectronic properties of their respective polymer : CdSe composites by dispersing them in poly(2-methoxy-5(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylinevinylene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymers. It has been found that OA passivated-QDs (~7 nm), as compared with TOPO passivated CdSe QDs (~5 nm), are of (i) high quality that provide better steric stability against coagulation, homogeneity and photostability to their respective polymer : CdSe composites, (ii) show low value of Stern–Volmer quenching constant (KSV) calculated from photoluminescence quenching measurements. These effects have been attributed to (i) CdSe(OA) (~7 nm) particles having relatively smaller surface energies compared with CdSe(TOPO) (~5 nm) particles thus showing lesser quenching capabilities (ii) dominance of respective processes of photoinduced Förster energy transfer between host polymer (donors) and guest CdSe nanocrystals (acceptors) in polymer : CdSe(OA) composites and charge transfer in polymer : CdSe(TOPO) composites

Quinoline derivative and their pharmacological & medicinal potential

The review article titled as “Quinolines” is basically designed with the aim of approaching the precious properties that the compound is entitled to possess. It is a heterocyclic compound possessing varied form of biological as well as pharmacological activity. This article basically focusses on the characteristics possessed by the compound of Quinoline. It tends to decipher a useful amount of information regarding the biological properties of the compound and its utilization in the development of various medications. The information provided in this article can be proved as a useful instrument for the various research scholars who are focusing their target of research with respect to Quinolines .It provides all the general information the quinolines and also throw light on the numerous therapeutic properties being possessed by the compound, that plays a prominent role in the treatment of various ailments

Framework for a National STEMI Program: Consensus document developed by STEMI INDIA, Cardiological Society of India and Association Physicians of India

The health care burden of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in India is enormous. Yet, many patients with STEMI can seldom avail timely and evidence based reperfusion treatments. This gap in care is a result of financial barriers, limited healthcare infrastructure, poor knowledge and accessibility of acute medical services for a majority of the population. Addressing some of these issues, STEMI India, a not-for-profit organization, Cardiological Society of India (CSI) and Association Physicians of India (API) have developed a protocol of “systems of care” for efficient management of STEMI, with integrated networks of facilities. Leveraging newly-developed ambulance and emergency medical services, incorporating recent state insurance schemes for vulnerable populations to broaden access, and combining innovative, “state-of-the-art” information technology platforms with existing hospital infrastructure, are the crucial aspects of this system. A pilot program was successfully employed in the state of Tamilnadu. The purpose of this article is to describe the framework and methods associated with this programme with an aim to improve delivery of reperfusion therapy for STEMI in India. This programme can serve as model STEMI systems of care for other low-and-middle income countries