Optical Camouflage - Review

Fiber optic systems are important telecommunication infrastructure for world-wide broadband networks. Wide band width signal transmission with low delay is a key requirement in present day applications. Optical fibers provide enormous and unsurpassed transmission bandwidth with negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of choice for long distance and high data rate transmission in telecommunication networks. This paper focused on the creation of invisibility with the help of technologies like Optical camouflage Image based rendering and Retro reflective projection. The object that needs to be made transparent or invisible is painted or covered with retro reflective material. There are some beneficial applications for this simple but astonishing technology. The different methods of optical camouflage provide invisibility in the visible site of spectrum. One of the most promising applications of this technology, however, has less to do with making objects invisible and more about making them visible. nbs

Democracy Losing Ground To Mobocracy: A Diverse Socio-Legal Perspective

The rise of rational masses which played a major role in strengthening democracies worldwide, has subjected these very societies to various kinds of confusion and misfortunes due to misinformation and spread of fake news, thereby, disrupting the very foundation of the right to freedom of speech and expression. At the heart of such chaos, lies intolerance which gives rise to mob violence whereby the democratic values and mechanisms are reduced to play at the hands of ill-informed mob which disregards these values at the behest of its leadership. The Supreme Court of India urged the government to pass a new anti-lynching law and to curb the spread of Internet rumours after dozens of people were killed in a string of mob attacks fuelled largely by social media1. It is disturbing to note that mobocracy in India is moving towards becoming the new “normal.” The paper seeks to lay emphasis on the mobocracy and human rights violations that are taking place in different parts of India. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part will deal the concepts of democracy and mobocracy. Secondly, it will deal with the changing dynamics of democracy through mobocracy. The third block will deal with the effects of current legal framework on mob violence and its analysis. Lastly, the paper seeks to suggest guidelines and measures to prevent mob violence through a central legislation. Recently, the state governments of Manipur, Rajasthan and West Bengal, came up with their laws against mob-violence and mob-lynching. However, the aforementioned problems are grave human rights violations and a strict Central legislation is the need of the hour

Analgesic activity of poly herbal formulation in experimental rats by acetic acid induced writhing test model and Hot plate model

To evaluate analgesic activity of a polyherbal formulation-PHF [hydro-alcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (50mg), Fennel seeds (50mg), Prosopis cineraria (50mg), & Ficus racemosa (50mg)] compare it with Diclofenac Na by using Eddys hot plate and writhing test in Adult Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups of 6 each for both tests. PHF (250, 300 mg/kg, p.o. body weight) and Diclofenac Na (50 mg/kg, p.o.) made as suspensions prepared in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose (control) and were fed to rats orally. The physicochemical evaluations carried out in terms of loss on drying, ash value, extractive values and acid insoluble ash value ect. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids.  Analgesic activity was assessed by counting the number of writhes induced by 0.7% acetic acid (10 ml/kg) in the 30 min. Number of writhing and percentage protection against writhing was evaluated. In Eddys hot plate method, they were placed individually on hot plate maintained at a temperature of 55 ± 0.5 ºC. The latency to lick the paw (reaction time) was noted at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The cut off time was set at 20 sec to avoid damage to the skin. In acetic acid writhing method, PHF (250, 300 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the number of writhing 39±1.55*, 29.0±0.43*resp. Maximum percentage of inhibition of writhing response shown by Diclofenac Na was 73.03 %. In hot plate method, PHF showed a significant increase in the elevated basal reaction time at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The results indicated that the poly-herbal formulation possesses good analgesic activity in the experimental animal models. Keyword: Analgesic activity, Physicochemical evaluations, Phytochemical analysis, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Fennel seeds, Prosopis cineraria, Ficus racemos

Improving Interfaces in All-Solid-State Supercapacitors Using Polymer-Added Activated Carbon Electrodes

Solvent-free all-solid-state supercapacitors have recently received attention. Despite their highly specific capacitance, they suffer issues related to the solid–solid interface that degrade their performance during prolonged cycling. Here, we propose a novel strategy for improving the electrode–electrolyte interface by introducing a small amount of polymer into the activated carbon-based electrode. An electrode composition of 80AC:8SA:7AB:5[PEO0.95 (LiClO4)0.05]—where AC, SA, and AB stand for activated carbon, sodium alginate binder, and acetylene black, respectively—is optimized. A composite membrane—viz., PEO-LiClO4 reinforced with 38 wt% NASICON structured nano crystallites of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3—is used as a solid electrolyte. Incorporating a small amount of salt-in-polymer (95PEO-5 LiClO4) in the electrode matrix leads to a smooth interface formation, thereby improving the performance parameters of the all-solid-state supercapacitors (ASSCs). A typical supercapacitor with a polymer-incorporated electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of ~102 Fg−1 at a discharge current of 1.5 Ag−1 and an operating voltage of 2 V near room temperature. These ASSCs also exhibit relatively better galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling, coulombic efficiency, specific energy, and power in comparison to those based on conventional activated carbon

Plasmonics Technology - A Review

Semiconductor devices, circuits and components are dependent upon miniaturization for transporting huge amounts of data at a high speed. However, the integration of modern electronic devices for information processing and sensing is rapidly approaching its fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations, which is an increasingly serious problems. One of the most promising solutions is believed to be in replacing electronic signals (as information carriers) by light. So a new emerging technology called lsquoplasmonics.rsquo developed. Due to its frequency being approximately equal to that of light and ability to interface with similar-size electronic components, plasmonics can act as a bridge between photonics and electronics for communication. It exploits the unique optical properties of metallic nanostructures to enable routing and manipulation of light at the nano scale. A tremendous synergy can be attained by integrating plasmonic, electronic, and conventional dielectric photonic devices on the same chip and taking advantage of the strengths of each technology

Proceedings of International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing

This proceeding contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the international conference, “Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing” (WREC’2021). WREC'21 was organized in online mode by Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar (Punjab), INDIA during 22 – 24 April 2021. This conference was conceptualized with an objective to encourage and motivate women engineers and scientists to excel in science and technology and to be the role models for young girls to follow in their footsteps. With a view to inspire women engineers, pioneer and successful women achievers in the domains of VLSI design, wireless sensor networks, communication, image/ signal processing, machine learning, and emerging technologies were identified from across the globe and invited to present their work and address the participants in this women oriented conference. Conference Title: International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and ComputingConference Acronym: WREC'21Conference Date: 22–24 April 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDI