IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY EFFECT ON MCF-7 CELL LINE OF CO-ENCAPSULATED ARTESUNATE AND CURCUMIN LIPOSOME

Objective: Cancer drug delivery has focused using novel carrier system due to their high drug loading and release controlled property and minimum side effect. Artesunate (ART) and curcumin (CUR) are proved natural herbal lead chemotherapeutics used as Chinese and Indian food. But due to its low absorption and the poor bioavailability limits its clinical efficacy. The object of the present work was to investigate the cytotoxic vs apoptotic effect of these herbal lead molecules in the co-encapsulated liposome formulation.Methods: ART and CUR liposome were prepared by thin film hydration method. Because of their opposite solubility nature, ART loaded in the aqueous phase at pH 7.4 while CUR is present in the central core through lipophilic interaction. In vitro cytotoxicity action of the free and liposomal formulation was performed by MTT assay.Results: Physiochemical parameters were evaluated and compared to the co-encapsulated formulation of containing both molecules. The mean diameter around 200 nm, low polydispersity index and co-encapsulation efficiency were found to be 90%. Co-encapsulation in nanometer size is beneficial for uptake and photo-stability of a drug. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of the co-encapsulated formulation was shown a better result than individual drug and also gives the clue for apoptosis. IC50 value for ART, CUR and Liposome was found to be 297.61 µg/ml and 60.60 µg/ml respectively. The result explained the co-encapsulation of curcumin with artesunate is show an ameliorative effect for repositioning therapeutic efficacy of the drug.Conclusion: We observed that human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were relatively resistant to ART and sensitive to CUR. Treatment with ART plus CUR had a synergistic cytotoxic, and apoptotic effect was mediated by up regulation of DR4 and DR5 m RNA expression

QUENCHING OF N-NITROSOPYRROLIDINE INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ON POST TREATMENT WITH THE HELICTERES ISORA

Objective: The present study was aimed at probing the protective potential of Helicteres isora hydroethanolic stem bark extract (HIHSBE) againstN-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Swiss albino male mice.Method: Mice were divided into six groups of six mice in each. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced by single intraperitoneal injection ofthe carcinogen nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR). Followed by the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Carcinogen treated mice were thenorally administered with Helicteres isora hydroethanolic stem bark extract (HIHSBE) at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks followedby investigation of liver injury markers like alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Tumor markers alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were determined in serum. Levelof catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s- transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation were also estimated.Results: The level of liver injury markers and antioxidant enzymes decreased in the liver tissue of NPYR treated mice compared to normal control mice.However, HIHSBE post treatment increased the level of these enzymes compared to only carcinogen treated mice. HIHSBE also lowered the level of tumormarkers and lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue of mice bearing HCC respectively. Histological studies also supported biochemical investigations.Conclusion: The chemopreventive effect of HIHSBE is well supported in our study as it hinders the development of HCC by interacting with ROSduring carcinogenesis and thus counterbalancing the antioxidant defense system as analyzed.Keywords: Helicteres isora, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver enzymes, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, Oxidative stress

DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ARTESUNATE AND CURCUMIN IN LIPOSOMAL FORMULATION

The present study is very expectant towards the development of co-encapsulated liposomal formulation. The assay method for artesunate has a challenge because it doesnot have a readily recognisable absorption chromophore needed for UV spectroscopy. Curcumin, a lipid soluble antioxidant, exhibits solvent and medium sensitive absorption and fluorescence properties. A simple and rapid method involving two reaction steps has been developed for assay of artesunate and curcumin combination in liposomal formulation. Stock solution of artesunate and curcumin were diluted to final concentration of 10 µg/ml. The UV scan of 10 µg/ml solution of artesunate and curcumin combinations showed the absorbtion maxima at 240 nm and 425 nm respectively. The coloured complex obeyed the Beer's law in the concentration range of 2-20 µg/ml. The above methods is rapid tool for routine analysis of artesunate and curcumin in novel carrier system. The recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and precision of the methods. Keywords: Artesunate, Curcumin, Liposomal

CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF YAPANA BASTI AND VANARI GUTIKA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KLAIBYA W.S.R. TO ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

Successful sexual act is one of the most basic needs for the production of the future generations. Successful sexual act is not possible, if a person is suffering from the Klaibya. Acharya have mentioned different causes of the Klabiya, and Malanashishinta is one among these. Malanshishinta can be compared with the erectile dysfunction on the basis of symptoms. The Sthiradipanchamooladi Yapana Basti (960ml/day for 16days), which is mentioned in the Caraka Samhita for Vajikarana by Caraka and Vanari Gutika (5gm twice daily was given p.o. with milk as Anupana for 30 days) mentioned by Bhavaparkasha in Vajikarana chapter are used in this study. One of the basic aims of this thesis is to evaluate, whether the drugs administered through Basti have any benefit over the drugs administered orally, particularly in reference to the administration of Vajikarana drugs for the treatment. Total 30 patients were selected from the OPD & IPD in the P.G.Department of Panchakarma at National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur, Rajasthan. The patients were randomly divided into three groups and named as Group A, Group B and Group C, with 10 patients in each group. Highly significant result was found in overall effect the subjective criteria in the group of A, B and group C with 55.55%, 34.78% and 94.44% respectively. In the semen analysis highly significant result was found in group-c with 42.34 % (semen volume), 15.97 % (Sperm count) and in Immotile sperm 45.01% respectively

PEGylated liposome containing sildenafil for the treatment of hypertension

The purpose of this study was to prepare PEGylated liposomes containing sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. PEGylated liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method by varying the concentration of lipids. The prepared liposomes were characterized for the particle size, PDI, zeta potential, % entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release study. The optimized formulation exhibits a particle size of 104.27±1.4 nm, PDI of 0.449±0.02, zeta potential of -42.9±0.7 along with the maximum encapsulation of drug i.e. 87.30±2.6. Optimized formulation showed % cumulative drug release of 85.38±0.26 in 48 hr.  From the study it can be concluded that the PEGylated liposomes containing sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension provides a sustained release of drug and further studies are required to confirm their efficacy at clinical level. Keywords: Sildenafil; PEGylated liposomes; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; % entrapment efficienc

Masquelet technique for management of posttraumatic bone defect in a patient of chronic osteomyelitis of long bone

Masquelet technique, which is the use of a temporary cement spacer followed by staged bone grafting, is a treatment strategy for reconstruction of large, infected, bone defects. This paper describes a patient treated with this technique to successfully manage postinfective or posttraumatic osseous long bone defect. Sequestrectomy was done and the injured limb was stabilized and aligned with application of external fixator at the time of initial antibiotic cement spacer placement. After 6 weeks of proper antibiotic coverage, all antibiotics were stopped for next 2 weeks. Clinical evaluation and investigations were done to rule out any residual infection. Osseous consolidation was successfully achieved with staged bone grafting and internal stabilization of long bone defect

Curie temperature engineering in a novel 2D analog of iron ore (hematene) via strain

As a newly exfoliated magnetic 2D material from hematite, hematene is the most far-reaching ultrathin magnetic indirect bandgap semiconductor. We have carried out a detailed structural analysis of hematene via prefacing strain by means of first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Hematene in the pristine form emerges out to be a magnetic semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.0/2.0 eV for the majority/minority spin channel. The dependence of magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), TC, and the bandgap on compressive and tensile strains has been scanned exclusively. It is examined that TC depends firmly on the compressive strain and increases up to 21.1% at a compressive strain of 6% whereas it decreases significantly for tensile strain. The MAE is negatively correlated with the tensile and compressive strain. The value of MAE for all compressive strain cases is more than that of the pristine hematene. These results summarize that the studied 2D hematene has broad application prospects in spintronics, memory-based devices, and valleytronics

Potencial mimético da insulina de Hylocereus undatus extraída de mio-inositol e de proteínas

Diseases are spreading like a trend and victimising every other individual globally. Here, we are referring to one such most common disease that has not even spared young lives i.e., diabetes. Annually, several people lose their lives and loved ones because of this dangerous disease. This has compelled the researchers to think and work on some life saving treatment. People suffering from hyperglycaemic conditions have insulin resistance which can be improved by intake of myo-inositol. Myo-inositol has potential to regulate this insulin hormone which can prevent and control diabetes mellitus. In this research, we have used a natural source (fruit) Hylocereus undatus; it has proved to be a good source of myo-inositol and some proteins that help in insulin regulation naturally. Several techniques and tests were performed such as extraction, purification, crystallisation, proteolytic activity assay, protein estimation, etc. Positive results of myo-inositol were observed through crystallisation together with decent amount of protein concentrations by Folin Lowry test and SDS-PAGE analysis.Las enfermedades se están extendiendo como una tendencia y victimizando a todos los demás individuos a nivel mundial. Aquí, nos referimos a una de esas enfermedades más comunes que ni siquiera perdonó vidas jóvenes, a saber, la diabetes. Cada año, varias personas pierden la vida y sus seres queridos a causa de esta peligrosa enfermedad. Esto obligó a los investigadores a pensar y trabajar en algún tratamiento que salve vidas. Las personas que sufren de hiperglucemia tienen resistencia a la insulina, que puede mejorar tomando myo-inositol. El mioinositol tiene el potencial de regular esta hormona insulina que puede prevenir y controlar la diabetes mellitus. En esta investigación, utilizamos una fuente natural (fruta) de Hylocereus undatus, que demostró ser una buena fuente de mioinositol y algunas proteínas, que ayudan a regular la insulina de forma natural. Se realizaron varias técnicas y pruebas, como extracción, purificación, cristalización, ensayo de actividad proteolítica, estimación de proteínas, etc. Se observaron resultados positivos de mioinositol a lo largo de la cristalización junto con cantidades decentes de concentraciones de proteína mediante la prueba de Folin Lowry y el análisis SDS-PAGE.As doenças estão se espalhando como uma tendência e vitimando todos os outros indivíduos globalmente. Aqui, estamos nos referindo a uma dessas doenças mais comuns que nem mesmo poupou vidas jovens, ou seja, diabetes. Anualmente, várias pessoas perdem suas vidas e entes queridos por causa dessa doença perigosa. Isso obrigou os pesquisadores a pensar e trabalhar em algum tratamento para salvar vidas. As pessoas que sofrem de condições hiperglicêmicas têm resistência à insulina, que pode ser melhorada pela ingestão de mio-inositol. O mio-inositol tem potencial para regular esse hormônio insulina que pode prevenir e controlar o diabetes mellitus. Nesta pesquisa, usamos uma fonte natural (fruto) de Hylocereus undatus, que provou ser uma boa fonte de mio-inositol e algumas proteínas, que ajudam na regulação da insulina naturalmente. Várias técnicas e testes foram realizados, como extração, purificação, cristalização, ensaio de atividade proteolítica, estimativa de proteína etc. Resultados positivos de mio-inositol foram observados através da cristalização juntamente com quantidades decentes de concentrações de proteína pelo teste Folin Lowry e análise SDS-PAGE

Effect of In Vitro

The current study involves the evaluation of factors that influence the transcorneal permeation of aqueous drops of aceclofenac ophthalmic formulation through freshly excised goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas. Aceclofenac formulation with different concentrations 0.1–0.5% (w/v) and with different pH and different preservatives, was taken into account. The amount of drug permeated from different formulations was estimated using an Franz diffusion cell. A linear increase in drug permeation was observed with increase in pH (5.5 to 7.4). The apparent permeability coefficient was found to be maximum 15.01±0.45 on goat cornea and maximum transport of aceclofenac was observed at physiological pH of tears (i.e., 7). The results advocate that aceclofenac 0.5% (w/v) ophthalmic solution (pH 7.0) containing BAK (0.01%) provides maximum in vitro ocular permeability through goat, sheep, and buffalo corneas