Eco-routing of Electric Vehicles: A Step Towards a Greener Environment

The calamitous effect of the industrial revolution has had severe consequences on the environment. The development and use of electric vehicles have become almost a necessary alternative. This paper emphasizes on the use of electric vehicles and their potential in minimizing energy consumption. It also accentuates a fairly new navigation concept known as “eco-routing†of electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have received soaring attention because of the increased focus on environmental issues and sustainable energy. Their merits include low green-house emissions and lower maintenance cost as compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. It has been predicted that if the power used by electric vehicles is produced from renewable energy sources, it will prove to be a true green alternative. .Plugging into renewable energy sources outweighs the cost and short driving ranges for consumers intending to buy electric vehicles. Keeping pace with the technological progression diverse navigation systems are being proposed which aim at reducing the energy consumption and an „eco-route‟ seems just the perfect solution

Design and simulation of a building-based off-grid photovoltaic microgrid using PVsyst: A case study

In the absence of a main or central grid, an off-grid renewable energy-based system could be a viable solution to address the electricity demand of a particular region by utilizing the available renewable energy sources (RES) of that area. This also leads society to a step toward sustainable energy development. A planned RES-integrated microgrid system not only fulfills the energy crisis and reduces electricity costs but also plays a significant role in the conservation of fossil fuels. Therefore, the design and simulation of RES integrated systems are indispensable as this type of analysis determines the vital parameters of the system e.g., the system performances including electricity output, energy conversion efficiency, yearly energy potential, and the system losses before being involved in practical implementation. Further, the cell temperature of the Photovoltaic (PV) panel based on regional weather conditions, the system life cycle based on the uncertainty factor of weather, total system installation cost with a full account of the annual savings and payback etc. can also be determined by designing and simulating such systems. This paper presents a design of a 40 kW off-grid photovoltaic (PV) microgrid system according to the load requirements at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE), Tezpur University, India using PVsyst software. The proposed design has been created to meet the daily peak load demand of 37 kW of the department. The energy available through the generating units of the proposed designed PV system is 45.46 MWh/Year and the system performance ratio in terms of efficiency over the year is 0.814. The overall performance analysis and simulation results would be helpful in determining the efficiency and viability of the proposed PV system while implementing it practically in the near future

Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development: A Review

Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) are the most common techniques used to analyze the potential sites for urban development. These techniques are very simple and flexible for the analysis process. The paper is basically a review of site suitability analysis for urban development. Over the past decade, a significant amount of research has been conducted for finding the suitability of site. Different authors have used various techniques for the land suitability. ArcGIS software were used to analyze different thematic layers for finding suitable areas, for this purpose satellite data were used for creating various layers. Various factors were identified for criteria evaluation. By comparing each factor according to their importance, weights of each factor is generated. Criteria weights and maps were combined using ArcGIS tools. With the help of weights and criteria final suitability map were prepared. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15063

Nuclear entry of poliovirus protease-polymerase precursor 3CD: implications for host cell transcription shut-off

AbstractHost cell transcription mediated by all three RNA polymerases is rapidly inhibited after infection of mammalian cells with poliovirus (PV). Both genetic and biochemical studies have shown that the virus-encoded protease 3C cleaves the TATA-binding protein and other transcription factors at glutamine–glycine sites and is directly responsible for host cell transcription shut-off. PV replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. To shut-off host cell transcription, 3C or a precursor of 3C must enter the nucleus of infected cells. Although the 3C protease itself lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS), amino acid sequence examination of 3D identified a potential single basic type NLS, KKKRD, spanning amino acids 125–129 within this polypeptide. Thus, a plausible scenario is that 3C enters the nucleus in the form of its precursor, 3CD, which then generates 3C by auto-proteolysis ultimately leading to cleavage of transcription factors in the nucleus. Using transient transfection of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion polypeptides, we demonstrate here that both 3CD and 3D are capable of entering the nucleus in PV-infected cells. However, both polypeptides remain in the cytoplasm in uninfected HeLa cells. Mutagenesis of the NLS sequence in 3D prevents nuclear entry of 3D and 3CD in PV-infected cells. We also demonstrate that 3CD can be detected in the nuclear fraction from PV-infected HeLa cells as early as 2 h postinfection. Significant amount of 3CD is found associated with the nuclear fraction by 3–4 h of infection. Taken together, these results suggest that both the 3D NLS and PV infection are required for the entry of 3CD into the nucleus and that this may constitute a means by which viral protease 3C is delivered into the nucleus leading to host cell transcription shut-off

APPLICATION OF SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES OVER HARD COMPUTING TECHNIQUES: A SURVEY

Soft computing is the fusion of different constituent elements. The main aim of this fusion to solve real-world problems, which are not solve by traditional approach that is hard computing. Actually, in our daily life maximum problem having uncertainty and vagueness information. So hard computing fail to solve this problems, because it give exact solution. To overcome this situation soft computing techniques plays a vital role, because it has capability to deal with uncertainty and vagueness and produce approximate result. This paper focuses on application of soft computing techniques over hard computing techniques

Misaligned jets from Sgr A∗^* and the origin of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles

One of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is a past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A$^*$. The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the orientation of pc-scale nuclear stellar disk and gas streams, and a low inclination of the accretion disk around Sgr A$^*$ inferred by the Event Horizon Telescope, we perform hydrodynamical simulations of nuclear jets significantly tilted relative to the Galactic rotation axis. The observed axisymmetry and hemisymmetry (north-south symmetry) of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles (FEBs) due to quasi-steady jets in Sgr A$^*$ can be produced if the jet had a super-Eddington power ($\gtrsim 5\times 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$) for a short time (jet active period $\lesssim 6$ kyr) for a reasonable jet opening angle ($\lesssim 10^\circ$). Such powerful explosions are, however, incompatible with the observed O VIII/O VII line ratio towards the bubbles, even after considering electron-proton temperature non-equilibrium. We argue that the only remaining options for producing FEBs are i) a low-luminosity ($\approx 10^{40.5-41}$ erg s$^{-1}$)) magnetically dominated jet or accretion wind from the Sgr A$^*$, and ii) a SNe or TDE driven wind of a similar luminosity from the Galactic center.Comment: 12 pages. Submitted to ApJ. Comments are welcom

Intracellular locations of replication proteins and the origin of replication during chromosome duplication in the slowly growing human pathogen Helicobacter pylori

We followed the position of the replication complex in the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori using antibodies raised against the single-stranded DNA binding protein (HpSSB) and the replicative helicase (HpDnaB). The position of the replication origin, oriC, was also localized in growing cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with fluorescence-labeled DNA sequences adjacent to the origin. The replisome assembled at oriC near one of the cell poles and the two forks moved together toward the cell center as replication progressed in the growing cell. Termination and resolution of the forks occurred near midcell, on one side of the septal membrane. The duplicated copies of oriC did not separate until late in elongation, when the daughter chromosomes segregated into bilobed nucleoids, suggesting sister chromatid cohesion at or near the oriC region. Components of the replication machinery, viz., HpDnaB and HpDnaG (DNA primase), were found associated with the cell membrane. A model for the assembly and location of the H. pylori replication machinery during chromosomal duplication is presented