<span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-US">Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of <i>Crotalaria burhia</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> Buch.-Ham. whole plant</span></span>

189-196Crotalaria burhia Buch.-Ham. (Family-Fabaceae) popularly known as <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Khip is employed in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of gout, hydrophobia, pain and swelling. In present study antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed using acetic-acid induced writhing and formalin induced pain in mice and acute, subacute models of inflammation in rats. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">These studies demonstrated that <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">oral administration of methanolic extract of whole plant (including aerial parts and root) of C. burhia (MECB) (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. In acetic acid writhing reflex model MECB 400 mg/kg, p.o. had shown significant antinociceptive effect but pretreatment with naloxone blocked the protective effect of the extract. In formalin induced pain MECB 400 mg/kg significantly inhibited the inflammation-induced pain better than the pain resulting from neurogenic phase. In acute inflammation as produced by carrageenan 62.19% after 6 h, by histamine 20.00%, by 5-hydroxytryptamine 27.27%, and by prostaglandin E2 26.92% protection was observed, while in subacute anti-inflammatory model using formaldehyde-induced hind paw edema (after 1.5 h) 49.29% protection from inflammation was observed at 400 mg/kg oral dose of MECB. MECB neither showed ulcerogenic effect at different doses of MECB nor any sign of toxicity and mortality up to a dose level of 5000 mg/kg, p.o. in rats and mice. These data indicate that MECB possesses significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities without ulcerogenic effect. </span

VARIOUS TYPES AND MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER: AN OVERVIEW

Now days, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Since last two decades, researches related to the breast cancer has lead to extraordinary progress in our understanding of the disease, resulting in more efficient and less toxic treatments. Increased public awareness and improved screening have led to earlier diagnosis at stages amenable to complete surgical resection and curative therapies. Consequently, survival rates for breast cancer have improved significantly, particularly in younger women. This article addresses the types, causes, clinical symptoms and various approach both non- drug (such as surgery and radiation) and drug treatment (including chemotherapy, gene therapy etc.) of breast cancer

Orthodontic management of a growing skeletal class II case with functional appliance and atypical extractions: A case report

Extractions are commonly used to alleviate moderate to severe crowding, retract protrusive incisors, or correct anteroposterior inconsistencies in the maxillomandibular area. The choice of which teeth to be extracted requires a thorough assessment of the dentition of the patient, taking into account treatment objectives, dental and periodontal properties as well as ease of mechanics with minimum iatrogenic effects. This case report discusses the successful treatment with myofunctional appliance of a growing patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion followed by fixed mechanotherapy involving atypical teeth extraction

Effect of different intracoronal bleaching methods on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to bleached enamel: An in-vitro study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different intracoronal bleaching methods on the shear bond strength and site of failure of ceramic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary incisors were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15). Endodontic access cavity was prepared and root canals were filled, root fillings were removed 2mm apical to the cementoenamel junction, and a 2-mmthick layer of glass ionomer cement base was applied. Group 1 served as the control. Intracoronal bleaching was performed with 35% carbamide peroxide in group 2, sodium perborate in group 3, and 37.5% hydrogen peroxide in group 4. The teeth were immersed in artificial saliva for 4 weeks before bracket bonding. Ceramic brackets were bonded with composite resin and cured with LED light. After bonding, the shear bond strength of the brackets was tested with a universal testing machine. The site of bond failure was determined by modified ARI (Adhesive Remnant Index). RESULTS: The highest value of shear bond strength was measured in control group (18.67 ± 1.59 MPa), which was statistically significant from groups 2,3, and 4. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 4. The lowest shear bond strength was measured in group 3. ARI scores were not significant from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronal bleaching significantly affected the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets even after 4 weeks of bleaching. Bleaching with sodium perborate affects shear bond strength more adversely than does bleaching with other agents like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide

Preparation, method of optimization and physicochemical evaluation of traditional formulation, Triphala Mashi

292-297Triphala Mashi was mentioned in Bharat Bhaishjya Ratnakar (2522) and Sharangdhar Samhita-uttar khanda. Triphala Mashi is prepared by using muffle furnace and silica crucible. Physical evaluation of Triphala and Triphala Mashi was done by using DSC and chemical profile of Triphala and Mashi was obtained by preliminary phytochemical screening, total organic carbon content, total inorganic content, ascorbic acid content, HPTLC, and IR. DSC thermograms of Triphala and Triphala Mashi, all are reproducible and can be used as a promising tool for the quality control of the process development. Spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques are proved to be useful in obtaining chemical profile of both Triphala and Triphala Mashi. These techniques are also useful in studying qualitative and quantitative differences in inorganic as well as organic chemical constituents, thermal degradation and conversion of chemical constituents

Proniosome-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery of Resveratrol

Vesicular systems have been receiving a lot of interest as a carrier for advanced drug delivery. The present investigation aimed at the development and characterization of proniosome based transdermal delivery of resveratrol. The proniosomal structure was a liquid crystalline-compact niosomes hybrid which could be converted into niosomes upon hydration by skin itself. To optimize the formulation, various proniosomes composed of various ratios of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polysorbates, cholesterol, and lecithin were prepared by the coacervation-phase separation method. From each of the prepared proniosomes, the entrapment efficiency with span 60 was found to be the highest. The effects of cholesterol, phospholipids, and solvents were also assessed. Optimized formulation was characterized for entrapment efficiency, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, in vitro release study, vesicle size, and stability studies at 4°C and room temperature. Thus, proniosome was found to be a promising carrier system for resveratrol because of ease of preparation and better bioavailability

Pharmacognostic evaluation of <i style="">Crotalaria burhia</i> Buch.-Ham

629-635The Crotalaria burhia Buch.-Ham. (Fabaceae), commonly known as jhamo and khip, is an undershurb, fibrous plant, traditionally used in the treatment of gout, hydrophobia and swelling. Present study assumes singular significance, and it is supposed to contribute a great deal to the existing literature. The present investigation was, therefore, undertaken to determine the requisite pharmacognostical standards for standardization of the plant material. Various investigations like organoleptic characters, microscopic study, physicochemical standards, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and chromatographic study of the plant were carried out, and the salient qualitative parameters were reported. These studies provided referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant material. These information will also be helpful to differentiate Crotalaria burhia from the closely related other species of Crotalaria.</i