Effect of nitrogenous fertilizer and blue green algae on grain yield, chlorophyll and protein content on two rice (Oryza sativa) varieties Jaya and Sarju-52

In Agronomic studies on individual and integrated application of Blue Green Algae (BGA) biofertilizer with graded levels inorganic nitrogen under field conditions and possible utilization of these organisms to meet at least a part of the nitrogen requirement of rice were carried out during Kharif season at agriculture research station of Nawabganj, Bareilly, India. Application of BGA @ 12.5 Kg/ha in combination with 80 Kg/ha as urea recorded favourable results in the two rice varieties (Jaya & Sarju-52) and it is comparable with grain yield, chlorophyll and protein content at recommended doses of 160Kg/ha. Thus, it may be concluded that the use of biofertilizer (blue green algae) in rice crop can save at least 40 Kg/ha/year with increased yield

An emerging protagonist: Sodium Glucose Co-transporters (SGLTs) as a burgeoning target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Contemporary therapies to rationalize the hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) generally involve insulin-dependent mechanisms and lose their effectiveness as pancreatic b-cell function decreases to a greater extent. The kidney emerges out as a novel and potential target to trim down the T2DM. The filtered glucose is reabsorbed principally through the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), a low affinity transport system, which is present at the luminal surface cells that cover the first segment of proximal tubules. Competitive inhibition of SGLT2 therefore represents an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hyperglycaemia and/or obesity in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose and energy loss through the urine. Selective inhibitors of SGLT2 reduce glucose reabsorption, causing excess glucose to be eliminated in the urine; this decreases plasma glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors are coupled with osmotic dieresis and loss of weight which aid in reducing blood pressure. The observation that individuals with familial renal glycosuria maintain normal long-term kidney function provides some encouragement that this mode of action will not adversely affect renal function. This novel mechanism of targeting the kidney for the treatment of T2DM is reasonably valuable and is independent of insulin and clutch with the low risk of hypoglycemia

Thermal Study of 155 mm Gun Barrel

Thermal analysis of 155 Gun barrel is an important aspect of designing the gun barrel and deciding the maximum firing rate. The performance of any artillery depends upon the thermal behaviour of the gun barrel among various factors, and its availability for continuous firing depends on the maximum bore temperature and cook-off time of the barrel. In this paper, the effect of maximum bore temperature, cook-off, active cooling is reviewed. Heat transfer to the gun barrel surface is calculated using analytical analysis with given ammunition parameters. Analytical and finite element analysis of maximum bore temperature and cook-off time is also included. Finite element analysis of external Jacket water cooling of the barrel shows that the gun can fire continuously at three rounds per minute without reaching cook-off temperature

HPMC/CMC BASED FAST DISSOLVABLE ORAL FILMS OF AN ANXIOLYTIC: IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE AND TEXTURE ANALYSIS

Film forming capacity of a polymeric combination consisted of HPMC/CMC was investigated for fast dissolvable oral films (FDOFs) of an anxiolytic agent. Other non-film forming components were cross-povidone as disintegrant, and polyethylene glycol 400/ sorbitol in the ratio (1:1) as plasticizer, citric acid as saliva stimulating agent. Buspirone hydrochloride was selected as low dose anxiolytic agent with less than 5% oral bioavailability. Solvent casted films were physically evaluated for thickness, drug content, surface pH, swelling, disintegration and in vitro drug release. Mechanical properties of film viz. % elongation, tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break were determined using TXT texture analyzer. Drug loaded film (2.0×2.0 cm2­­ size, average weight 60-70 mg) had average thickness in the range of 100-300 μm. Higher HPMC/CMC ratios resulted in lower folding endurance in films (100 turnings), shorter disintegration time (10 sec) and simulated swelling time of 15sec whereas films produced at lower HPMC/CMC ratios had affected film characteristics conversely. Mechanical properties of film were found to relate the plasticizer ratio. Folding endurance and tensile strength of the films prepared at higher PEG 400/sorbitol ratios, showed comparatively higher values than film prepared at lower ratio. It had also been determined that higher ratios of PEG400/sorbitol were of shorter disintegration time. No drug-exicipient interaction was observed from characterization studies conducted on films using FTIR and DSC methods. Films were stable at 30±0.5 ºC; 60±5% RH.  In vitro drug release showed that BH was released from film within ten minutes.  It can be inferred that polymeric blend HPMC/CMC can be employed as fast dissolving oral film of BH for immediate release

Selection of Combat Aircraft by Using Shannon Entropy and VIKOR Method

The selection of military defense equipment, especially fighter aircraft, has a bearing on the readiness ofthe Indian Air Force to defend the country’s independence. This study analyses a collection of alternative fighteraircraft that are linked to several choice factors using a multiple-criterion decision-making analysis technique. Tohandle such scenarios and make wise design judgements, a variety of criterion decision analysis techniques can beused. In this study, we assess fifth-generation fighter aircraft that incorporate significant 21st-century technologicaladvancements. These aircraft represent the state-of-the-art in fleet planning operations to 2022. These are generallyequipped with quick-moving airframes, highly integrated computer systems, superior avionics features, networkingwith other battlefield elements, situational awareness, command, control, and other communication capabilities.The study proposes a strategy for the selection of the fifth-generation combat aircraft for the National Air Force.Because of the problems, the Army needed an application that could assist with decision-making for combat selection systems. Solving the decision problem for evaluating fifteen military fighter alternatives in terms of nine decision criteria is the main objective of this work. We use the Shannon entropy and VIKOR model for the Air Force’s fleet program to evaluate military fighter aircraft suitability. The entropy technique is used to compute the weight of the criteria, and then the VIKOR technique has been used to rank the fighter aircraft

Predicting phase preferences of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides using machine learning

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can adopt one of the several possible structures, with most common being the trigonal prismatic and octahedral symmetry phases. Since the structure determines the electronic properties, being able to predict phase-preferences of TMDs from just the knowledge of the constituent atoms is highly desired, but has remained a long-standing problem. In this study, we combine high-throughput quantum mechanical computations with machine learning algorithms to discover novel TMDs and study their chemical stability, as well as their phase preferences. Our analysis provides insights into determining physiochemical factors that dictate the phase-preference of a TMD, identifying and even going beyond the attributes considered by earlier researchers in predicting crystal structures. We show that the machine learning algorithms are powerful tools that can be used not only to find new materials with targeted properties, but also to find connections between elemental attributes and the target property/properties that were not previously obvious

A Comparative Strategy Using PI & Fuzzy Controller for Optimization of Power Quality Control

This paper explores the analytical study and simulation of fuzzy logic controller and PI controller, to control the dc output voltage of shunt active power filter for harmonic reduction and power quality improvement in case of nonlinear load. Here we have exercised an effort to design and evaluate a converter to compensate the harmonics for 1-phase AC to DC bridge rectifier which is working as the main converter in unregulated mode. The work depends on the scheme where an ancillary converter is linked in shunt with the main or primary converter whose turn on and turn off time is controlled by an appropriate controller (pi/fuzzy logic) for harmonic compensation of the primary converter which is working as nonlinear load. The Model of converter is proposed on MATLAB\SIMULINK Software and the results are analyzed satisfactorily.