On weak shock diffraction in real gases

Asymptotic solutions are obtained for the two-dimensional Euler system for real gases with appropriate boundary conditions which describe the diffraction of a weak shock at a right-angled wedge; the real gas effects are characterized by a van der Waals type equation of state. The behavior of the flow configuration influenced by the real gas effects, that includes the local structure near a singular point, is studied in detail.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.066

Role of readers' performance of a narrative on their beliefs about transgender persons: a mental models approach, The

2018 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Narratives are powerful communication tools that can influence people's beliefs and attitudes. Narrative processing literature explains cognitive operations involved in information processing in terms of transportation and identification with characters. Narrative performance, however, is an unexplored construct in social science narrative engagement literature. Narrative performance is a process by which readers bring cognitions and emotions to construct distinct story worlds into which they can be transported. This study advances the narrative processing literature by going beyond narrative transportation and by examining how people's performance of a narrative affects their story-related beliefs. A three-condition experiment, with 174 voluntary participants, was conducted at a large Western university to gauge the effects of performance on viewers' beliefs about transgender persons. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrates that narrative performance can weaken the effects of narrative transportation, and performance can be a stronger predictor of viewers' story-related beliefs. The study discriminates, using construct validity tests, narrative performance from narrative transportation, demonstrating construct validity. This study uses a mental models approach as a theoretical basis, and along with operationalizing narrative performance, develops valid and reliable scales for measuring viewers' beliefs about transgender persons and their propensity to take action in socializing with transgender persons

Cost analysis and price variation of commonly used drugs in obstetrics and gynecology in Jhalawar district of Rajasthan, India

Background: Drugs used in obstetrics and gynecology are strong selling drugs in pharmaceutical market but they are the least studied drugs in terms of cost analysis and price variation.Methods: Cost of most commonly used Obstetrics and Gynecology drugs in Jhalwar district manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies, in the same strength and dosage forms was obtained from Drug Today (January-March 2018). The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage variation in cost per 10 tablets/10 capsule/1 injection/1 protein packet/1 sachet were analysed.Results: In Obstetrics drugs, the highest cost ratio (1:9.5) and percentage price variation (848) was found for Ferrous Salt + Folic acid combination followed by Cefixime (1:4.3, 330), Nifedipine (1:3.7, 270), Folic acid (1:3.67, 266), Paracetamol. Amoxicillin was having least cost ratio (1:1.4) and percentage price variation (37). Maximum number of brand available for Ferrous Salt + Folic acid combination (41) followed by Paracetamol, Calcium Salt + Vitamin D3 combination. In Gynecological drugs, the highest cost ratio (1:35) and percentage price variation (3433) was found for Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgetral combination followed by Doxycycline (1:8.9, 793), Fluconazole. Metronidazole was having least cost ratio (1:1.3) and percentage price variation (27). Maximum number of brand available for Omeperazole (27) followed by Ethamsylate (22).Conclusions: This study shows that the average percentage price variation of different brands of the same drugs were very wide. Improved adherence to the drug treatment can be ensured by decreasing the cost of therapy, which can be done by changes in the government policies and regulations, integrating pharmacoeconomics as part of medical education curriculum, and creating awareness among treating physicians for switching to cost effective therapy

THE THERAPEUTIC AND TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CHITRAK (PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA L.)- A REVIEW

Chitraka based Ayurvedic medicines are commonly used by Ayurvedic physicians. Chitraka is toxic in nature even then it is used as a medicine after Shodana (purification) and in therapeutic dose. Shodhana procedure is not only represent a process of purification, but also in addition to a process of detoxification and the ultimate objective of Shodhana is to enhance the biological efficacy of the drug. In therapeutic doses it has capacity to treat many diseases. Traditionally P. zeylanica is used as a stimulant, digestive, expectorant, laxative, abortifacient, antiperiodic and in the treatment of muscular pain, intestinal parasites, anemia, dysentery, fever or malaria and rheumatic diseases. P. zeylanica contains a variety of important chemical compounds. Different parts of the plant possess naphthaquinones, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavanoids, saponins, coumarins, carbohydrates, fixed oil and fats and proteins. Its fruits contains plumbagin, glucopyranoside and sitosterol. There are so many researches has been done on this plant like Anti-carcinogenic activity, Anti-diabetic, wound healing, contraceptive effect, Hepato-protective, Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory and Anthelmintic. This review gives us opportunity to understand the toxic effects, medicinal importance, biological activities and pharmacological effects of Plumbago zeylanica. This article gives an overview of medicinal uses and poisonous properties of Chitraka

LEARNING THEORIES: REFLECTION DURING ENGLISH CLASSES AT SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL

This research paper observes the reflection of various learning theories during actual classroom teaching learning situations by using mixed method approach. The sample used in the study includes students studying in class xi and xii of both CBSE and RBSE affiliated schools and trained teachers teaching at senior secondary level of Jaipur district. The tool used in the study is self-constructed observation schedule.  Article visualizations

Analysis of package inserts of commonly used drugs in obstetrics and gynecology in Jhalawar district: an observational study in Rajasthan, India

Background: Package Insert is the primary source of drug information for the patient. It is a printed leaflet that contains information based on regulatory guidelines for the safe and effective use of a drug. Studies on package inserts in India had shown that crucial information was often missing, and they lacked uniformity.Methods: 100 oral drugs used in Obstertrics and Gynecology from different brands were collected from big pharmacies located at Jhalawar and available package inserts were analysed according to Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of Schedule D of Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945.Results: Out of 100 oral drugs studied, package inserts were found in 72 drugs, most available information in therapeutic indicators was Posology and method of administration (100%) followed by contra-indications (94.4%), use in pregnancy and lactation (83%), interactions (77.8%) whereas less information about antidote and least about ability in driving and use of machine. In pharmaceutical indicators, it is instruction for use (86%), followed by special precautions for storage (76.4%), shelf life in the medical product as packaged for sale (52.8%).Conclusions: This study showed that many information relevant to the safe and effective use of medication was lacking in the analyzed package inserts. It is, therefore, recommended to update the existing package inserts based on criteria mentioned in the Schedule D of Drug and Cosmetic Act, 1945

Study of drug utilization pattern in gynecology department of tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan, India

Background: With increasing awareness the flow of patients visiting gynecology outpatient department has increased. Drugs used in gynecology are one of the most selling drugs in India, however they are least studied with respect to drug utilization. Thus, present study was undertaken to analyse drug utilization pattern of Gynecology OPD in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective, cross sectional, observational study of prescriptions in Gynecology OPD of Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar. Data was obtained from medical record database of patients that attended Gynecology OPD from October 2017 to March 2018 over period of six months. Prescription records of patients were screened as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and 300 prescriptions were randomly selected. Patient related, and drug related information was collected on a customized data collection sheet.Results: The mean age of patients was 20.5±8.65 years and common age of presentation was >18-30 years. In infective cases, PID (40.6%) was common, and in non-infective cases, menorrhagia (23.8%) was common. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.2. In drug category, minerals (46.4%) were most commonly prescribed, followed by antimicrobials (27.6%), and NSAIDs (20.1%). Polypharmacy was observed in 100% of the prescriptions.Conclusions: In the present study all of the drugs prescribed were generic which were from the essential medical list of NLEM and WHO. This study revealed deviation from rational prescribing by the prescribers because average number of drugs per prescription was significantly higher than that recommended by WHO