Spinodal Phase Separation in Liquid Films with Quenched Disorder

We study spinodal phase separation in unstable thin liquid films on chemically disordered substrates via simulations of the thin-film equation. The disorder is characterized by immobile patches of varying size and Hamaker constant. The effect of disorder is pronounced in the early stages (amplification of fluctuations), remains during the intermediate stages and vanishes in the late stages (domain growth). These findings are in contrast to the well-known effects of quenched disorder in usual phase-separation processes, viz., the early stages remain undisturbed and domain growth is slowed down in the asymptotic regime. We also address the inverse problem of estimating disorder by thin-film experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Kinetics of Spinodal Phase Separation in Unstable Thin Liquid Films

We study universality in the kinetics of spinodal phase separation in unstable thin liquid films, via simulations of the thin film equation. It is shown that in addition to morphology and free energy,the number density of local maxima in the film profile can also be used to identify the early, intermediate and late stages of spinodal phase separation. A universal curve between the number density of local maxima and rescaled time describes the kinetics of early stage in d = 2, 3. The Lifshitz-Slyozov exponent of -1/3 describes the kinetics of the late stage in d = 2 even in the absence of coexisting equilibrium phases.Comment: 5 figure

Biocatalytic route to C-3?-azido/-hydroxy-C-4?-spiro-oxetanoribonucleosides

The lipase, Novozyme®-435, exclusively deacetylates the 5-O-acetyl over 4-C-acetyloxymethyl group of almost identical reactivity in 5-O-acetyl-4-C-acetyloxymethyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-?-D-ribofuranose that led to the development of first and efficient synthesis of 3?-azido-/3?-amino-C-4?-spiro-oxetanoribonucleosides T, U, C and A in 20–24% overall yields. The X-ray study on the compound obtained by tosylation of lipase-mediated monodeacetylated product unambiguously confirmed the point of diastereoselective monodeacetylation on diacetoxy-azido-ribofuranose derivative. The capability of Novozyme®-435 for selective deacylation of 5-O-acetyl group in 5-O-acetyl-4-C-acetyloxymethyl-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-?-D-ribofuranose recently discovered by us has been successfully used for the synthesis of C-4?-spiro-oxetanoribonucleosides A and C in good yields. These results clearly indicate that the broader substrate specificity and highly selective capability of Novozyme®-435 for carrying out acetylation/deacetylation reactions can be utilized for the development of environment friendly selective methodologies in organic synthesis

Experimental and numerical investigation on soft soil tunnels under impact loading condition

Background: Tunnels extend the use of underground space for special applications such as transportation, mine development and civil defense. These structures could become susceptible to severe dynamic loads such as traffic loads, pile driving, impact and blast loads. Methodology: In this context, the experiment and simulations were conducted on semi-cylindrical tunnels of dimensions 1.2 m length × ∅ 0.5 m center-to-center and 0.05 m lining thickness under impact loading. The drop height was kept at 3.0 m and the burial depths of the soil cushion were varied as 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 m to study the effect of the cushion layer under repeated impact load. The experimental results were obtained in terms of damage to the tunnel and displacements in the tunnel under repeated impacts. Results: It was observed that the impact resistance of tunnels increased significantly when the natural burial depth increased from 0.05 to 0.10 m. It was concluded that the tunnel with 0.15 m burial depth was able to resist up to nine impacts as compared to the tunnel without cushion which offered resistance against two impact only. The numerical investigations were performed for each tunnel under repeated impacts using ABAQUS/Explicit. The numerical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of strain in rebar and mid displacement. The parametric study was performed for the influence of mass and velocity of the impactor in terms of crack pattern, impact force, displacement and energy absorption capacity in the tunnel. On increasing the mass of the impactor from 150 (4.41 kJ) to 400 kg (11.77 kJ), the energy absorption capacity was found to increase from 7.8% to 48.7%; however, on increasing the height of drop from 5 (5.1 kJ) to 20 m (20.40 kJ), the energy absorption capacity of the tunnel was increased from 8.1 to 48.6%. Conclusions: It was concluded that under the low-velocity impact, energy absorption in the tunnel is more sensitive to the mass of the impactor as compared to drop height. It was observed that Yang Qixin's algorithm was the best predicting algorithm among others when comparing peak impact force with the numerical result.</p

Experimental and numerical investigation on soft soil tunnels under impact loading condition

Background: Tunnels extend the use of underground space for special applications such as transportation, mine development and civil defense. These structures could become susceptible to severe dynamic loads such as traffic loads, pile driving, impact and blast loads. Methodology: In this context, the experiment and simulations were conducted on semi-cylindrical tunnels of dimensions 1.2 m length × ∅ 0.5 m center-to-center and 0.05 m lining thickness under impact loading. The drop height was kept at 3.0 m and the burial depths of the soil cushion were varied as 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 m to study the effect of the cushion layer under repeated impact load. The experimental results were obtained in terms of damage to the tunnel and displacements in the tunnel under repeated impacts. Results: It was observed that the impact resistance of tunnels increased significantly when the natural burial depth increased from 0.05 to 0.10 m. It was concluded that the tunnel with 0.15 m burial depth was able to resist up to nine impacts as compared to the tunnel without cushion which offered resistance against two impact only. The numerical investigations were performed for each tunnel under repeated impacts using ABAQUS/Explicit. The numerical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of strain in rebar and mid displacement. The parametric study was performed for the influence of mass and velocity of the impactor in terms of crack pattern, impact force, displacement and energy absorption capacity in the tunnel. On increasing the mass of the impactor from 150 (4.41 kJ) to 400 kg (11.77 kJ), the energy absorption capacity was found to increase from 7.8% to 48.7%; however, on increasing the height of drop from 5 (5.1 kJ) to 20 m (20.40 kJ), the energy absorption capacity of the tunnel was increased from 8.1 to 48.6%. Conclusions: It was concluded that under the low-velocity impact, energy absorption in the tunnel is more sensitive to the mass of the impactor as compared to drop height. It was observed that Yang Qixin's algorithm was the best predicting algorithm among others when comparing peak impact force with the numerical result.</p

Role of H2S Supplementation on Burn Wound Healing and Molecular Chaperones

Treatment of non-healing burn injuries is a major challenge for the current scientific research. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter, which regulates redox homeostasis and cytoprotection during pathophysiological conditions. Similarly, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones, which also confer cytoprotection during the wound repair process. Notably, the role of H2S as a regulator of HSPs during burn wound healing is still elusive. The present study investigated the effects of H2S supplementation on molecular chaperones during full-thickness, third-degree burn wound healing in the experimental rats. The animals were treated with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) as H2S donor (5 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) daily for 10 days prior to burn-induction and continued till the fifth-day post-wounding. Histopathological analysis (Masson’s trichrome) revealed enhanced wound healing evident by increased collagen fiber deposition, cellular proliferation and re-epithelialisation in NaHS administered group as compared to the burn control. Furthermore, immunoblot analyses demonstrated significantly increased protein expression of molecular chaperons viz. HSP90, HSP70, HSP27, and GRP78 in H2S treated group as compared to control. Therefore, the present study signifies that H2S supplementation upregulates the protein expression levels of molecular chaperones, which could facilitate the cytoprotection&nbsp;during the tissue repair process and accelerates the burn wound healing

Assessment of Biomass Potential in Engine Emission Reduction

77-80The twin crisis of environmental degradation and fossil fuel depletion has confronted the world with the upcoming threat to seek the solution for some alternate fuel. The present condition of environment forces the search of some suitable alternate fuel. The present degradation of environment is also mainly influenced by the diesel vehicles. The emissions released by these diesel vehicles not only degrade the environment but also increase the number of health diseases. The present research on bio-fuels will lead to develop a sustainable solution to this problem and also create a harmonic relationship between the economy and ecosystem. The present research will provide the optimized blending ratio compression ratio and other operating parameters to be selected while approaching to sustainable output. The present study will depict the behavior of different bio-fuels poured in VCR engine at different compression ratio at different operating parameters. The outcomes of this research paper reveals the discussion on the potential assessment of different biofuels in the reduction of engine emissions

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DOXORUBICIN CONTAINING NANOGELS FOR DELIVERY TO CANCER CELLS

The objective of this study is to prepare nanogels were prepared via charged gellan gum. It was prepared by in situ cross linking reaction between two oppositely charged materials by green method without use of chemical cross linking agents. The prepared nanogels were characterized by Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X- Ray diffractometry. The prepared formulation had average particle size of 226 nm with polydispersity index of 0.3. The doxorubicin loaded nanogel demonstrated sustained release for 20 h. The prepared nanogels were hemocompatible and cyctocompatible as revealed by hemocompatibility and MTT assay respectively. All results confirmed that these nanogels can be used for cancer treatment. Keywords: Nanogel, Chitosan, Gellan gum, Doxorubicin, Cancer

TARGETED NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ANTICANCER DRUG DELIVERY: CURRENT ISSUE AND CHALLENGE

The main aim of nonmaterials is optimization on site of action at tumors cells as well least toxicity by its formulation. Only to progress the biodistribution of neoplasia drugs, nanoparticles are designed for optimal size and surface individuality to expand their flow time within the blood circulation. They are also proficient to carry their laden active drugs to cancer cells by using the single functional changes of tumors, as like their improved permeability and preservation result and the tumor microenvironment. In this study report, we have discussed the current status of nanoparticles developed as targeting delivery systems for anticancer drugs. Keywords: Cancer, Drug Delivery, Nanomedicine, Chemotherapy, Liposome&nbsp