The effect of anaerobic fermentation of cow manure on culture of Rutilus frisii Kutum and comparison of survival and growth factors versus traditional feeding

Rutilus firisii kutum is one of the important fish in Caspian Sea that has significant economical role to the region. The overall objective of the project is to compare the growth and survival of Rutilus frisii Kutum larvae under conventional conditions and conditions under use of organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation or slurry. This study was conducted in nine 1.7 hec pounds with 3 treatments with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr Yousefpoor Center at Siakal Village, 32km far from city of Rasht in North of Iran. The first treatment considered as control using concentrated food and grinded kilka fish. In the second treatment, the pound was supplied only by slurry for 13 days followed by concentrated fish food. The third treatment started with slurry for 13 days followed by slurry and concentrated food together. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices were monitored weekly. The result indicated that production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate was 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons that is the food for larval stage of Rutilus frisi kutum. Nutritional contents of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, protein and lipid after anaerobic fermentation were higher in slurry treatment than control. The blue-green algae density in slurry pounds was less than control

Immunophenotypic characterization of the leukemic B-cells from Iranian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Association between CD38 expression and disease progression

Background: Patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have heterogeneous clinical courses, thus several biological parameters need to be added to the current clinical staging systems to predict disease outcome. Recent immunophenotypic studies performed mainly in Western populations have demonstrated the prognostic value of CD38 and ZAP-70 expression in B-CLL. Objectives: To investigate the expression pattern of a variety of membrane antigens on leukemic cells from Iranian patients with CLL and to find out if there are any differences in the expression of these markers between indolent and progressive groups. Methods: In the present study, peripheral blood samples from 87 Iranian patients with B-CLL were analysed by flow cytometry. Results: In all cases, the neoplastic cells displayed B-CLL phenotype (CD5 +/CD19+/sIg+). The vast majority of the cases expressed CD23, but failed to stain for CD3 or CD14. The leukemic cells of most patients expressed CD27 (84/87, 95.4) and CD45RO (74/87, 83.9) molecules, suggesting a memory B-cell phenotype. Comparison between the indolent (n=42) and progressive (n=37) patients revealed significantly higher frequency and intensity of CD38 expression in progressive group (40.5) compared to indolent (11.9) patients (p<0.05). None of the other membrane antigens were differentially expressed in these two groups of patients. Conclusion: Our results obtained in an Asian ethnic population confirm and extend previous findings obtained from Western populations regarding the association of CD38 expression and disease progression in B-CLL

Standard of insurance procedures and risk assessment manual for warm water fish culture regarding management and natural disasters

There are many factors affecting aquaculture insurance in Iran. In spite of existing formulation for warm water fish culture in Iran, there was several aspects and new revisions were remind. In this study we focused on risk assessment as well as insurance procedure to find the better management practices on running insurance in the country. 360 farm in tree provinces (guilan, Mazandaran, Khozestan were selected for risk analysis program. Data were collected throw questionnaire forms. The project was carried out in fore disciplines 1) risk analyzing for manageable and unmanageable accidents and their deductible rates 2) revise premium forms , claim forms, inspection forms 3) new formulation for insurance management 4) guide lines for diagnostic futures and prevention of manageable accident

Preparation instructions micro-algae cultivate and concentrate it for use in silver carp feed and training necessary

According to the importance of micro-algae in aquatic feed such as fish in this study have been investigated Preparation of useful algae powder or concentrate for breeding silver carp , their impact on the growth of silver carp , rate per unit area and estimate n economic Development. Different algal species were isolated from hydrothermal fish farms, then were purified and mass culture . The next step microalgae were dried and powdered by spray dryer and were examined the fish feeding on them. During this study, 6 species of chlorophyt( Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Pediastrum boryanum, Pandorina morum, Ankistrodesmus falcatus) ,3 species of cyanophyta ( Anabaena flosaquae, Oscillatoria agardhi and Spirulina platensis) and 1 species of Bacillariophta ( Cyclotella meneghiniana were isolated from.Green algae and Blue -green algae were cultured in Zaindr medium, diatoms were cultured in Zaindr medium but with water of Anzali logoon and also in F2 medium with artificial sea water and spirulina was cultured in Zarouk medium. Microalgae were cultures then concentrated.Then the impact was examined on fish silver carp 2 to 3 grams. The results showed that Cyclotella has a greater role in the growth of silver carp and Anabaena floes aquae and Spirulina platensis tend to growth less than cyclotella. Scenedesmus obliquus and Scenedesmus acuminatus were respectively next algae that showed the greatest impact on fish growth. Scenedesmus obliquus feed rate was greater than any other algae for Daphnia

The effects of slurry on larviculture of Rutilus frisii kutum and chienes carp yield and determination of efficient concentration for increasing of production

Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment (one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry) and stocked with 2375 N/hec (Silver carp 60%, Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton

Analyze the types and methods suitable nutrition in introducing a variety of fish cages in the southern part of Caspian Sea

Regarding the fish farming in cages, taking into account all nutritional requirements appropriate to the needs of aquaculture is essential in order to minimize damage to the environment and achieve maximum growth. Fish nutritionists should be aware about the analysis of ability to digest and absorb nutrients in the diet to prepare and adjust the diet according to the needs of aquaculture. Food must also have appropriate physical properties for food intake with minimal loss of nutrients in the water. Inadequate resources with low quality or energy consumption within food, reduced the growth performance and increased the excretion of nitrogen in the environment. Food must be designed so that the balance of minerals in food will help maintain osmotic pressure within the body of fish in salty water. Food requirements and efficiency of food conversion ratio (FCR) is variable by changing environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen, temperature, water quality, flow rate, light intensity ,day length). The fish of cages are feeding by floating pellets which have the ability to stand in the water column. The floating pellets allows the fish to have sufficient time and opportunity for finding food. But sinking pellets pass rapidly from the cage and are inaccessible to fish. According to the Caspian sea conditions is better the extruded food equipped with Hygenizer to be used that a portion of it remains on the water surface and part of it moves gently down with an immersion mode in the water column (Softly deposited) for fish consumption. The amount, number and time of feeding are important factors to assess the nutritional activities. In general, fish feed from dry food between 2 to 3 percent of their body weight. Food consumption was also varied due to the quality of the food and fish physiological factors such as age, size, stage of life and stress level. Fish food distribution being fed manually or by means of demand, launcher and automatic feeding. The farm managers should pay attention to the things like water flows in the cage, wind, fish appetite, consolidated flows in the cage during food distribution as well as food storage in dry places with proper ventilation system to prevent the growth of fungi and insects activities to prevent loss of food. Also, adding antioxidants to the 100150 ppm when storing dry foods including the important cases particularly in prevention of fish liver lipoidosis disease is considered

Fungal peritonitis in Iranian children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a national experience.

INTRODUCTION. Fungal peritonitis (FP), causing catheter obstruction, dialysis failure, and peritoneal dysfunction, is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. In this study, the frequency and risk factors of FP are evaluated in children who underwent peritoneal dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective multicenter study was performed at the 5 pediatric peritoneal dialysis centers in Iran from 1971 to 2006, and FP episodes among 93 children were reviewed. Risk ratios were calculated for the clinical and demographic variables to determine the risk factors of FP. RESULTS. Ninety-three children aged 39 months on average were included in study. Sixteen out of 155 episodes of peritonitis were fungi infections, all by Candida albicans. The risk of FP was higher in those with relapsing bacterial peritonitis (P = .009). Also, all of the patients had received antibiotics within the 1 month prior to the development of FP. Catheters were removed in all patients after 1 to 7 days of developing FP. Six out of 12 patients had catheter obstruction and peritoneal loss after the treatment and 5 died due to infection. CONCLUSIONS. Fungal peritonitis, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality in children should be reduced by prevention of bacterial peritonitis. Early removal of catheter after recognition of FP should be considered

Fungal peritonitis in Iranian children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a national experience.

INTRODUCTION. Fungal peritonitis (FP), causing catheter obstruction, dialysis failure, and peritoneal dysfunction, is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. In this study, the frequency and risk factors of FP are evaluated in children who underwent peritoneal dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective multicenter study was performed at the 5 pediatric peritoneal dialysis centers in Iran from 1971 to 2006, and FP episodes among 93 children were reviewed. Risk ratios were calculated for the clinical and demographic variables to determine the risk factors of FP. RESULTS. Ninety-three children aged 39 months on average were included in study. Sixteen out of 155 episodes of peritonitis were fungi infections, all by Candida albicans. The risk of FP was higher in those with relapsing bacterial peritonitis (P = .009). Also, all of the patients had received antibiotics within the 1 month prior to the development of FP. Catheters were removed in all patients after 1 to 7 days of developing FP. Six out of 12 patients had catheter obstruction and peritoneal loss after the treatment and 5 died due to infection. CONCLUSIONS. Fungal peritonitis, accompanied by high morbidity and mortality in children should be reduced by prevention of bacterial peritonitis. Early removal of catheter after recognition of FP should be considered

Expression of the testis-specific gene, TSGA10, in Iranian patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Testis-specific gene antigen (TSGA10) is expressed in fetus, testis and frequently in human solid cancers and acute leukemias, making it a candidate for immunotherapy and for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). This gene is considered as a member of cancer-testis (CT) genes. We previously demonstrated TSGA10 expression during spermatogenesis. There is also evidence for potential TSGA10 involvement in cell proliferation. TSGA10 expression has been observed in a wide spectrum of cancers but not in hematopoietic neoplasm. Here we demonstrated expression of TSGA10 by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 44 (84.6) out of 52 bone marrow samples and all peripheral blood samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Twenty-seven (52) cases had high level of gene expression and 16 (30.7) cases had a lower expression level of the gene in the patients bone marrow. Presence of TSGA10 expression in ALL may open a window to functional study of mitotic checkpoint proteins in leukemia. RT-PCR of TSGA10 may help in detection of residual clonal cells leading to early diagnosis and better prognostic qualification of the disease. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene expression in Iranian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) results from clonal expansion of phenotypically mature but functionally immature B-lymphocytes. The incidence of this type of leukemia is low in Asian countries, whereas it is the most frequent type of leukemia in the West. Previous investigations mainly conducted in Western populations have demonstrated non-random rearrangement of certain immunoglobulin variable region heavy (VH) and/or light (VL) chain genes in different groups of B-CLL patients. Little is known about the profile of VH gene expression in Asian patients. In the present study, we determined the frequency of VH gene family usage in 59 Iranian patients with B-CLL. VH gene family of patients was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using VH1-VH7 family specific primers. The most frequently expressed VH gene family was found to be VH3 (45.8) followed by VH4 (32.2), VH1 (18.6), VH5 (1.7) and VH6 (1.7), with no expression of VH2 and VH7 gene families. The results indicate a lower representation of the VH1 and VH2 gene families and a higher representation of the VH4 gene family in Iranian B-CLL patients compared to Western patients, suggesting involvement of ethnic and/or environmental factors in B-CLL disease initiation