Enhancing Hate Speech Detection in the Digital Age : A Novel Model Fusion Approach Leveraging a Comprehensive Dataset

The authors extend their appreciation to the Arab Open Uni-versity for funding this work through AOU research fund No.(AOUKSA-524008)Peer reviewe

Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome in Cardiomyopathy: A Leading Cause of Heart Failure

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which makes the muscles harder to pump blood to the rest of the body leading to heart failure. The main types of cardiomyopathies include dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the clustering of different medical conditions, which requires at least three of the five following diseases. These diseases are high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides, low serum high-density lipoprotein, and central obesity. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome. In MetS, many different biomarkers are used in the early detection and risk stratification of MetS patients. It includes adiponectin, leptin, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, uric acid, interleukin 10, ghrelin, adiponectin, paraoxonase, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. This chapter provides an overview and focuses on the basic role of major biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in the pathogenesis of different types of cardiomyopathies, which mainly highlights recent pathophysiological aspects in the development and progress of cardiomyopathy which is the leading cause of heart failure. In conclusion, biomarkers of metabolic syndrome play a significant role in the development and progress of cardiomyopathy which is the leading cause of heart failure

N-{4-[(3,4-Dimethyl­phen­yl)(eth­yl)sulfamo­yl]phen­yl}-N-ethyl­acetamide

When viewed down the central S⋯N axis of the title compound, C20H26N2O3S, it is apparent that the mol­ecule adopts a gauche conformation with all O atoms lying to one side of the central benzene ring; the carbonyl O atom is directed away from the central ring and the N-bound ethyl groups lie to one side of the mol­ecule. Supra­molecular helical chains aligned along the b axis and sustained by C—H⋯O contacts feature in the crystal packing. These are consolidated in the three-dimensional structure by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Association patterns of Atrial Fibrillation with symptoms of metabolic syndrome

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the common cardiac arrhythmia in which heart beats irregularly usually greater than 100 beats per minutes. AF is well-documented public health problem causing substantial mortality and morbidity. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of metabolic risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose level that exists in one person. The aim of the present study is to find the relation between AF and MS.Methods: 100 patients of AF were sampled from Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from December, 2014 to June 2015. These patients were divided into two AF groups, 50 without MS and 50 with MS. 25 healthy subjects were also included for the comparison. Lipid profile was assessed by chemistry analyzer and serum insulin was measured by ELISA.Results: In our population, there was significantly high levels of insulin resistance (IR) and obesity in AF groups (without MS and with MS) as compared with healthy subjects (P<0.05). Highly significant differences was observed in relation with other parameters e.g. hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, HDL-C among the studied groups (P<0.05). Significant positive correlation was observed between insulin and lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL) while inverse with HDL.Conclusion: The indictors of metabolic syndrome were significantly correlated with AF in the studied subjects, while IR was found significantly higher in MS group.

N-(3,4-Dimethyl­phen­yl)benzene­sulfonamide

The structure of the title compound, C14H15NO2S, shows the sulfonamide N atom to be approximately perpendicular to the plane through the S-bound benzene ring [the N—S—C—C torsion angle is −87.4 (3)°] and to lie to the opposide side of this ring to the two sulfonamide O atoms. The N-bound benzene ring is splayed out with respect to the rest of the mol­ecule so that overall, the mol­ecule adopts a twisted conformation. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 64.5 (3)°. In the crystal, supra­molecular chains aligned along the b axis are formed via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Role of aldose reductase in Ischemic Heart Disease in subjects visiting Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore

Background:  Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases due to insufficient blood supply to cardiac cells. Aldose reductase (AR) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts glucose into sorbitol in the polyol pathway. The main objective of this study is to determine the role of aldose reductase in ischemic heart disease subjects in our local population and its relationship with lipid profile. Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 100 subjects from Jelani Block of PIC Lahore after ethical approval, categorized into two groups depending on disease condition, i.e., the IHD (n=50) group and Control Group (n=50), including healthy subjects. They were taken together with disease history, age, smoking, hypertension, and physical activity examined as inclusion criteria. The level of biochemical parameters was evaluated by using a chemistry analyzer. Hormonal (AR) and cardiac marker (CK-MB) assessments were performed on the ELISA system using commercially available ELSA diagnostic kits. Results: The results revealed that levels of aldose reeducate and CK-MB was comparatively more significant in the IHD group than control, but total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) showed no significant difference between the control and IHD group. Conclusion: A statistically non-significant relationship was observed between aldose reductase and CK-MB and lipid profile in the IHD patients, indicating the role of aldose reductase in IHD subjects because it increases oxidative stress in cardiac cells

N-{4-[(4-Methyl­phen­yl)sulfamo­yl]phen­yl}acetamide

The title mol­ecule, C15H16N2O3S, has a twisted U-shaped conformation. The twist occurs in the central C—S(=O)2N(H)—C unit with the C—S—N—C torsion angle being −58.38 (14)°. The benzene rings lie to the same side of the mol­ecule and form a dihedral angle of 67.03 (10)°. The crystal packing features N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which leads to supra­molecular chains with a tubular topology along the b axis. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also observed

N-(3,4-Dimethyl­phen­yl)-4-hydr­oxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothia­zine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide

1,2-Benzothia­zines similar to the title compound, C18H18N2O4S, are well known in the literature for their biological activities and are used as medicines in the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. The thia­zine ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. The enolic H atom is involved in an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a six-membered ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules arrange themselves into centrosymmetric dimers by means of pairs of weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Correlation between maternal and neonatal blood Vitamin D level; A cross sectional study of 416 participants visiting a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

In Pakistan there is limited evidence for the levels and relationship of 25 (OH) Vitamin D [25(OH)D] status in pregnant women and their newborns while the association between maternal 25(OH)D and newborn anthropometric measurements remains unexplored. Sociodemographic data was collected from 213 pregnant mothers during their visit to a tertiary care hospital at the time of childbirth. Anthropometric measurements were performed on all mothers and their newborns and blood samples collected from both for 25(OH)D levels. Participants were classified into two groups according to their 25(OH)D status: Sufficient (25(OH)D ≥50nmol/l) and Deficient (25(OH)D 0.05). Our study shows a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns and a strong positive association between maternal and newborn 25(OH)D levels. Findings of this study indicate the importance of maintaining sufficient 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy