Weyl's Theory in the Generalized Lie Algebroids Framework

The geometry of the Lie algebroid generalized tangent bundle of a generalized Lie algebroid is developed. Formulas of Ricci type and identities of Cartan and Bianchi type are presented. Introducing the notion of geodesic of a mechanical $\left( \rho ,\eta \right)$-system with respect to a $(\rho, \eta)$-spray, the Berwald $(\rho, \eta)$-derivative operator and its mixed curvature, we obtain main results to conceptualize the Weyl's method in this general framework. Finally, we obtain two new results of Weyl type for the geometry of mechanical $\left( \rho ,\eta \right)$-systems

Calculation of Binding Energy and Wave Function for Exotic Hidden-Charm Pentaquark

In this study, pentaquark Pc4380 composed of a baryon Σc, and a D¯∗ meson is considered. Pentaquark is as a bound state of two-body systems composed of a baryon and a meson. The calculated potential will be expanded and replaced in the Schrödinger equation until tenth sentences of expansion. Solving the Schrödinger equation with the expanded potential of Pentaquark leads to an analytically complete approach. As a consequence, the binding energy EB of pentaquark Pc and wave function is obtained. The results EB will be presented in the form of tables so that we can review the existence of pentaquark Pc. Then, the wave function will be shown on diagrams. Finally, the calculated results are compared with the other obtained results, and the mass of observing pentaquark Pc and the radius of pentaquark are estimated

Co�electrospinning of lignocellulosic nanoparticles synthesized from walnut shells with poly(caprolactone) and gelatin for tissue engineering applications

Lignocellulose is the main component of plants that has gained considerable attention in biomedical applications due to exceptional biological properties, such as antioxidant activity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. In this work, nanoparticles were produced from walnut shells (WS) via physical milling followed by a chemical treatment. FTIR, DLS, SEM, XRD, and TGA results confirmed their lignocellulosic chemical composition and dimensions of 560 nm with a 28 crystalline phase. WS nanoparticles were then co-electrospun with polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin. Morphological investigations showed that WS nanoparticles increase the average diameter of PCL and Gel nanofibers from 250 and 300 nm to around 600 and 550 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the moduli of coaxially electrospun PCL-Gel membranes increased from 11.9 to 16.6 MPa, while their thermal stability decreased from 345 to 285 °C. PCL-Gel nanofibers loaded with 2 WS particles were considered as the optimal sample because of their excellent mechanical properties. The scaffolds made from these fibers showed excellent viability, growth, and proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Graphic abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V

Detection of extensively drug-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15, ST147, ST377 and ST442 in Iran

In this study, we focused on the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR), pandrug-resistant (PDR), and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) in Iran. During 2018 to 2020 a total of 52 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical specimens. The hvKP isolates were identified by PCR amplification of virulence and capsular serotype-specific genes. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae (hmKP) were identified by string test. Carbapenem-resistant hvKP (CR-hvKP), multidrug-resistant hvKP (MDR-hvKP), extensively drug-resistant hvKP (XDR-hvKP), and pandrug-resistant hvKP (PDR-hvKP) were determined by disc diffusion method, Carba-NP test and PCR method. XDR-hvKP isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among all K. pneumoniae isolates 14 (26.9) were identified as hvKP and 78.6 (11/14) of them were hmKP however, none of the classic K. pneumoniae (cKP) isolates were hmKP. The predominant capsular serotype of hvKP was K2 (42.85) followed by K1 (35.71). The prevalence of MDR-hvKP, XDR-hvKP and PDR-hvKP isolates were 6 (42.9), 5 (35.7) and 1 (7.1), respectively. ESBL production was found in 85.7 of hvKP isolates and most of them carried bla TEM gene (78.6) and 6 isolates (42.9) were CR-hvKP. Among hvKP isolates, 1 (7.1), 2 (14.3), 3 (21.4), 8 (28.6), and 11 (78.6) carried bla NDM-6, bla OXA-48, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM genes, respectively. According to MLST analysis, 2, 1, 1, and 1 XDR-hvKP isolates belonged to ST15, ST377, ST442, and ST147, respectively. The occurrence of such isolates is deeply concerning due to the combination of hypervirulence and extensively drug-resistance or pandrug-resistance. © 2021 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest

MicroRNAs in the interaction between host�bacterial pathogens: A new perspective

Gene expression regulation plays a critical role in host�pathogen interactions, and RNAs function is essential in this process. miRNAs are small noncoding, endogenous RNA fragments that affect stability and/or translation of mRNAs, act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA is involved in regulating many biological or pathological processes through targeting specific mRNAs, including development, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and autophagy. Deregulated microRNA expression is associated with many types of diseases, including cancers, immune disturbances, and infection. miRNAs are a vital section of the host immune response to bacterial-made infection. Bacterial pathogens suppress host miRNA expression for their benefit, promoting survival, replication, and persistence. The role played through miRNAs in interaction with host�bacterial pathogen has been extensively studied in the past 10 years, and knowledge about these staggering molecules' function can clarify the complicated and ambiguous interactions of the host�bacterial pathogen. Here, we review how pathogens prevent the host miRNA expression. We briefly discuss emerging themes in this field, including their role as biomarkers in identifying bacterial infections, as part of the gut microbiota, on host miRNA expression. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LL