262 research outputs found
Electroweak phase transition in a nonminimal supersymmetric model
The Higgs potential of the minimal nonminimal supersymmetric standard model
(MNMSSM) is investigated within the context of electroweak phase transition. We
investigate the allowed parameter space yielding correct electroweak phase
transitoin employing a high temperature approximation. We devote to
phenomenological consequences for the Higgs sector of the MNMSSM for
electron-positron colliders. It is observed that a future linear
collider with GeV will be able to test the model with regard
to electroweak baryogenesis.Comment: 28 pages, 5 tables, 12 figure
Primordial magnetic fields, anomalous isocurvature fluctuations and Big Bang nucleosynthesis
We show that the presence of primordial stochastic (hypercharge) magnetic
fields before the electroweak (EW) phase transition induces isocurvature
fluctuations (baryon number inhomogeneities). Depending on the details of the
magnetic field spectrum and on the particle physics parameters (such as the
strength of the EW phase transition and electron Yukawa couplings) these
fluctuations may survive until the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). Their
lenghtscale may exceed the neutron diffusion length at that time, while their
magnitude can be so large that sizable antimatter domains are present. This
provides the possibility of a new type of initial conditions for
non-homogeneous BBN or, from a more conservative point of view, stringent
bounds on primordial magnetic fields.Comment: 4 pages, Latex, 1 epsfi
Development of the electroweak phase transition and baryogenesis
We investigate the evolution of the electroweak phase transition, using a
one-Higgs effective potential that can be regarded as an approximation for the
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The phase transition occurs in a small
interval around a temperature T_t below the critical one. We calculate this
temperature as a function of the parameters of the potential and of a damping
coefficient related to the viscosity of the plasma. The parameters that are
relevant for baryogenesis, such as the velocity and thickness of the walls of
bubbles and the value of the Higgs field inside them, change significantly in
the range of temperatures where the first-order phase transition can occur.
However, we find that in the likely interval for T_t there is no significant
variation of these parameters. Furthermore, the temperature T_t is in general
not far below the temperature at which bubbles begin to nucleate.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures; typos corrected, reference adde
Skyrmion Multi-Walls
Skyrmion walls are topologically-nontrivial solutions of the Skyrme system
which are periodic in two spatial directions. We report numerical
investigations which show that solutions representing parallel multi-walls
exist. The most stable configuration is that of the square -wall, which in
the limit becomes the cubically-symmetric Skyrme crystal. There is
also a solution resembling parallel hexagonal walls, but this is less stable.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
The effects of particulate and ozone pollution on mortality in Moscow, Russia
The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate how acute mortality responds to changes in particulate and ozone (O3) pollution levels, (2) to identify vulnerable population groups by age and cause of death, and (3) to address the problem of interaction between the effects of O3 and particulate pollution. Time-series of daily mortality counts, air pollution, and air temperature were obtained for the city of Moscow during a 3-year period (2003â2005). To estimate the pollution-mortality relationships, we used a log-linear model that controlled for potential confounding by daily air temperature and longer term trends. The effects of 10 Όg/m3 increases in daily average measures of particulate matter â€10 Όm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and O3 were, respectively, (1) a 0.33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09â0.57] and 1.09% (95% CI 0.71â1.47) increase in all-cause non-accidental mortality in Moscow; (2) a 0.66% (0.30â1.02) and 1.61% (1.01â2.21) increase in mortality from ischemic heart disease; (3) a 0.48% (0.02â0.94) and 1.28% (0.54â2.02) increase in mortality from cerebrovascular diseases. In the age group >75 years, mortality increments were consistently higher, typically by factor of 1.2 â 1.5, depending upon the cause of death. PM10-mortality relationships were significantly modified by O3 levels. On the days with O3 concentrations above the 90th percentile, PM10 risk for all-cause mortality was threefold greater and PM10 risk for cerebrovascular disease mortality was fourfold greater than the unadjusted risk estimate
Sphalerons and the Electroweak Phase Transition in Models with Higher Scalar Representations
In this work we investigate the sphaleron solution in a
gauge theory, which also encompasses the Standard Model, with higher scalar
representation(s) (). We show that the field profiles
describing the sphaleron in higher scalar multiplet, have similar trends like
the doublet case with respect to the radial distance. We compute the sphaleron
energy and find that it scales linearly with the vacuum expectation value of
the scalar field and its slope depends on the representation. We also
investigate the effect of gauge field and find that it is small for the
physical value of the mixing angle, and resembles the case for the
doublet. For higher representations, we show that the criterion for strong
first order phase transition, , is relaxed with respect to
the doublet case, i.e. .Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures & 1 table, published versio
Localizing Gravity on a String-Like Defect in Six Dimensions
We present a metric solution in six dimensions where gravity is localized on
a four-dimensional singular string-like defect. The corrections to
four-dimensional gravity from the bulk continuum modes are suppressed by . No tuning of the bulk cosmological constant to the brane tension is
required in order to cancel the four-dimensional cosmological constant.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX ; v2: several equations corrected; v3: minor typos
corrected, reference added, version to be published in Phys.Rev.Lett; v4:
Eq.(16) modifie
Effect of pre-existing baryon inhomogeneities on the dynamics of quark-hadron transition
Baryon number inhomogeneities may be generated during the epoch when the
baryon asymmetry of the universe is produced, e.g. at the electroweak phase
transition. The regions with excess baryon number will have a lower temperature
than the background temperature of the universe. Also the value of the quark
hadron transition temperature will be different in these regions as
compared to the background region. Since a first-order quark hadron transition
is very susceptible to small changes in temperature, we investigate the effect
of the presence of such baryonic lumps on the dynamics of quark-hadron
transition. We find that the phase transition is delayed in these lumps for
significant overdensities. Consequently, we argue that baryon concentration in
these regions grows by the end of the transition. We briefly discuss some
models which may give rise to such high overdensities at the onset of the
quark-hadron transition.Comment: 16 pages, no figures, minor changes, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Fermion masses and quantum numbers from extra dimensions
We study the localization of fermions on a brane embedded in a space-time
with geometry. Quantum numbers of localized fermions are
associated with their rotation momenta around the brane. Fermions with
different quantum numbers have different higher-dimensional profiles. Fermion
masses and mixings, which are proportional to the overlap of higher-dimensional
profiles of the fermions, depend on the fermion quantum numbers.Comment: 14 page
Decaying Dark Matter can explain the electron/positron excesses
PAMELA and ATIC recently reported excesses in e+ e- cosmic rays. Since the
interpretation in terms of DM annihilations was found to be not easily
compatible with constraints from photon observations, we consider the DM decay
hypothesis and find that it can explain the e+ e- excesses compatibly with all
constraints, and can be tested by dedicated HESS observations of the Galactic
Ridge. ATIC data indicate a DM mass of about 2 TeV: this mass naturally implies
the observed DM abundance relative to ordinary matter if DM is a quasi-stable
composite particle with a baryon-like matter asymmetry. Technicolor naturally
yields these type of candidates.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure
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