Disseminated \u3ci\u3eLeishmania infantum\u3c/i\u3e infection in two sibling foxhounds due to possible vertical transmission

Two sibling foxhounds born to a Leishmania seropositive bitch were presented after testing seropositive for Leishmania. Leishmania infantum infection was detected via histopathology, culture, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). This is the first report of natural infection with Leishmania infantum with the possibility for vertical transmission in North America. Infection disséminée à Leishmania infantum chez deux chiots Fox hound d’une même portée reliée possiblement à une transmission verticale. Deux chiots Fox hound d’une même portée nés d’une mère séropositive à Leishmania ont été présentés après un contrôle sérologique positif. Une infection à Leishmania infantum a été détectée par histopathologie, culture et amplification en chaîne par polymérase quantitative (ACP-q). Il s’agit du premier rapport d’infection naturelle par Leishmania infantum possiblement relié à une transmission verticale en Amérique du Nord

Serum neutralization titers of FI-RSV-vaccinated lambs (FI-vaccinated) (n = 4) were significantly increased compared to mock-vaccinated lambs (n = 4) (*P<0.05).

<p>Error bars = SEM.</p

RSV antigen detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

<p>Control bronchioles and alveoli (Control Br and Control Alv) lack RSV antigen while bronchioles and alveoli of FI-RSV-vaccinated lambs had significantly reduced levels of RSV antigen compared to mock-vaccinated (MockVac) lambs. Control(s) n = 4; MockVac Br n = 4; MockVac Alv n = 4; FI-RSV Br n = 4; FI-RSV Alv n = 4. Error bars = SEM, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001.</p

RSV RNA M37 levels in mock-vaccinated (MockVac), FI-RSV-vaccinated, and Control lambs as assessed by RT-qPCR.

<p>FI-RSV-vaccinated lambs had significantly less RSV M37 RNA compared to mock-vaccinated lambs. Control lambs lacked RSV RNA RT-qPCR signal. Control n = 4; MockVac n = 4; FI-RSV n = 4. Error bars = SEM, *<i>P</i><0.05.</p

Extent of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrates into adventitia of bronchioles assessed by A. peribronchiolar lymphocytic (PbL) scores.

<p>FI-RSV-vaccinated lambs had significantly increased infiltrates compared to mock-vaccinated (MockVac) lambs. Controls lacked lesions. Extent of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrates into adventitia of blood vessels assessed by perivascular lymphocytic (PvL) scores (<b>B</b>). FI-RSV-vaccinated lambs had significantly increased infiltrates compared to control lambs. Mock-vaccinated lamb PvL infiltrates were not significantly different from control lamb levels. Controls lacked lesions. Control n = 4; MockVac n = 4; FI-RSV n = 4. Error bars = SEM, *<i>P</i><0.05, ***<i>P</i><0.001.</p

Histopathologic lesions of consolidation (A) and; bronchiolitis (B).

<p>Controls lacked lesions while mock-vaccinated (MockVac) lambs had significantly increased consolidation and bronchiolitis scores compared to lambs vaccinated with FI-RSV. Control n = 4; MockVac n = 4; FI-RSV n = 4. Error bars = SEM, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01.</p