Occupational Health Hazards Of Working Women In Un-Organized Sector

Working women perform dual jobs, that is, on the domestic front as well as economic front. Her additional role as a working women throws many challenges along with her primary challenge of the household. Both these roles make demands on her time and energy. After a full day’s work with the employer, she has to do another shift at her home. For example, waking up early morning, rolling the beds, cleaning the house, preparing breakfast, cooking lunch, washing clothes, and the rushing off to the workplace. Returning in the evening with shopping in hand to cook the dinner for the family, handling children study work, washing utensils, and finally collapsing into the bed only to begin the grind again early next morning. These effects their health in the absence of proper infrastructure for the supply of these needs. When they have to combine triple burden viz., bearing children, taking for of the family, they have to sacrifice nutrition, health care and leisure for themselves. Notwithstanding, the mechanization at home and office put the gender at a great health risk that ultimately affect reproductive role leaving more at the mercy of assisted pregnancy and child birth. This is the serious problem for mankind itself

An Analysis Of Air Pollution And Human Health Effects

Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), heavy metals, and respirable particulate matter, differ in their chemical composition, reaction properties,emission, time of disintegration and ability to diffuse in long or short distances. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung disease, or asthmatic attacks. In addition, short- and long-term exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. This paper discussed about effects of air pollutants on human health

INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF TREATMENT-RELATED SIDE EFFECTS FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING PLATINUM THERAPY IN AN OUTPATIENT ONCOLOGY CLINIC

  Objective: Platinum agents (PAs) are the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, aiming to induce tumor cell death by cytotoxicity. This leads to have high potential for toxicity and adverse effects. The main objectives of this study were to describe the incidence of side effects caused by platinum therapy and to conclude the management of treatment-related side effects for patients receiving platinum therapy.Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out over a period of 9 months. Laboratory reports of 100 cancer patients were recorded. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 and GraphPad Prism. A p<0.05 (95% confidence interval) was considered significantly throughout the study.Results: Among 100 patients 55% were male and 45% were female. A total of 70% (n=70) patients who received platinum compounds as chemotherapy regimen, among them 97.14% (n=68) patients appears to have anemia. Among the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, the incidence of anemia was found to be significant (n=68, 97.14%). Statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of anemia between PAs and non- PAs treated group (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Among PAs cisplatin-induced anemia and nephrotoxicity appears to be high in this study. There is a need to improve the management of anemia induced by PAs. Since anemia is preventable, this study emphasizes the need to improve the management of anemia induced by PAs

Enriched Model of Case Based Reasoning and Neutrosophic Intelligent System for DDoS Attack Defence in Software Defined Network based Cloud

Software Defined Networking in Cloud paradigm is most suitable for dynamic functionality and reduces the computation complexity. The routers and switches located at the network's boundaries are managed by software-defined netwrking (SDN) using open protocols and specialised open programmable interfaces. But the security threats often degrade the performance of SDN due to its constraints of resource usage. The most sensitive components which are vulnerable to DDoS attacks are controller and control plane bandwidth. The existing conventional classification algorithms lacks in detection of new or unknown traffic packets which are malicious and results in degradation of SDN performance in cloud resources. Hence, in this paper double filtering methodology is devised to detect both known and unknown pattern of malicious packets which affects the bandwidth of the control panel and the controller. The case-based reasoning is adapted for determining the known incoming traffic patterns before entering the SDN system. It classifies the packets are normal or abnormal based on the previous information gathered. The traffic patterns which is not matched from the previous patterns is treated as indeterministic packet and it is defined more precisely using the triplet representation of Neutrosophic intelligent system. The grade of belongingness, non-belongingness and indeterminacyis used as the main factors to detect the new pattern of attacking packets more effectively. From the experimental outcomes it is proved that DDoS attack detection in SDN based cloud environment is improved by adopting CBR-NIS compared to the existing classification model

Enhancement of Durability Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete With Manufactured Sand

Geopolymer Concrete is the concrete made without using any quantity of cement. Instead the waste material from the thermal power station called fly ash is used as the binding material. This fly ash reacts with alkaline solution like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and forms a gel which binds the fine and coarse aggregates. Similarly another artificial material called manufactured sand (M-Sand) is also used as the fine aggregate against the normal river sand. The durability of Geopolymer Concrete with M-sand was studied by casting cubes of size 100 x 100 x 100 mm. The cube specimens were immersed in acid, alkaline, sulphate and chloride solutions respectively. The specimens were studied at the end of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days. The durability of Geopolymer Concrete with manufactured sand (GPCM) was better than the normal portland cement concrete

Clinical Profile and ECG Changes in Scorpion Envenomation

1. In this study, the incidence of scorpion sting in males(56.6%) was found to be higher than females. 2. The incidence of scorpion envenomation was found to be maximum in the age group of 31-40 years (33%) and 21-30 years (29%). This indicates the risk of exposure to the scorpion sting at work place and during household chores. 3. More patients presented to the Poison center in the night (53%) than in the morning. This is in line with the predatory pattern of the scorpions and the risk of disturbing scorpion homes in the darkness of the night. 4. Fifty –nine percent of the patients presented with Grade 1 envenomation. Seven percent with Grade 2 and thirty four percent with Grade 3 envenomation. 5. Hand was the commonest site of sting in this study. Most of the scorpion stings were accidental and occurred indoors. 6. Pain (83%) and Tachycardia (19%) were the commonest presenting symptom and sign respectively. 7. Sinus tachycardia (6%) was the commonest ECG abnormality seen in the study. 8. There was no significant difference in clinical presentation with respect to age group and gender.(P value=0.20447). 9. The patients who presented late to the emergency room after scorpion sting were found to have greater morbidity.(P value<0.001). 10.There was statistical significance in the relationship between ECG change and biochemical markers CPK and CPK-MB. 11.Patients with Grade 1 envenomation treated with local infiltration of lidocaine at the pain site, anxiolytics , antibiotics and observed. Those with Grade 3 envenomation required oxygen and managed with intravenous fluids and inotropic agents for shock. One of the three patients with pulmonary edema required mechanical ventilation. 12. The transient hyperglycemia and hypertension observed in patients with severe envenomation resolved in 48 hours

Study on Bacteriological profile of Diabetic Foot Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

INTRODUCTION : Diabetes mellitus is a health problem of first order as evidenced by the high prevalence and numerous consequences. Approximately 8.3% of the world population suffers from the disease with a similar proportion of undiagnosed patients. Further the incidence increases with age reaching to 11% in above- 65age group. It is the fourth common cause of death all over world as a direct cause not taking into account the cardiovascular mortality due to Diabetes. Diabetic foot infections are frequently occurring, complicated and costly problems in the lifetime of a diabetic. It ranks first among the most common diabetes related cause of lower limb amputation making upto 20% of all hospital admissions and prolonged hospital stay. Approximately 20% of the diabetic patients develop foot problems in the course of their lifetime and illness. To add further to the burden about 40% of them come back for readmission. Diabetic foot ulcers constitute the most common neurotraumatic cause of amputation as about 50% of the patients require a minor or major amputation. There is 15 to 40 fold increased risk of requiring amputation than non-diabetics. Diabetic foot infection increases the need for surgical management like amputation at various levels by 50% when compared to uninfected Diabetic foot ulcers. The mortality rate reported in developed countries in diabetic foot infections is one among six of the diagnosed patients within one year of diagnosis.8 The burden is obviously under-reported in developing countries due to practical, social and economical grounds. DFI has become one of the major medical, social and economical problem all over the world due to its implications on health and hence human resource. It becomes essential to have a detailed clinical study pertaining to the local burden and pattern of the disease. Enumeration of data from such studies in our locality will serve as pillars to support the implementation of modern multidisciplinary approach in management of DFI. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : Emphasis the importance of integrated approach towards the diabetic foot management through study of microbiological data in tertiary care hospital. OBJECTIVES: To identify and isolate the common organisms causing infection in diabetic foot ulcers. • To study the Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates. • To study the prevalence of Multidrug resistant organisms in the isolates. • To identify the occurrence of Polymicrobial infection in Diabetic foot infection. • To observe the risk factors for Polymicrobial infection in Diabetic foot infection. • To suggest an effective, economical Antimicrobial policy for treatment of Diabetic foot infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Observational study. Inclusion Criteria : Patients with H/O Type II Diabetes mellitus: 1. attending Diabetic clinic for DFI/DFU, 2 . admitted in Sugical wards for DFI/DFU. 3. attending surgery OP for DFI/DFU. The patients of all age groups belonging to both the sex with DFU/DFI with or without systemic signs and symptoms of infection were considered and included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Those with Type I Diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbid conditions, immuno compromised patients, HIV Positive patients were excluded. RESULTS : During the study period from April 2011 to April 2012, a total number of 142 samples were collected from 142 patients with DFI/DFU attending Surgery and Diabetology Out Patient Department and those admitted at Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, Thanjavur. The total 142 samples were processed in the Microbiology laboratory of Thanjavur Medical College and Hospital. Among the total population, 85 males (59.85%) and 57 females (40.15%) were affected by Diabetic foot infection [Table 1]. The mean age of the subjects was out of the 142 specimens processed, 119 (84%) showed significant growth and 23 (16%) yielded no growth of organisms. The processed 119 samples yielded a total of 165 organisms, the polymicrobial isolation being the reason behind. 81(68%) samples yielded monomicrobial growth while 38 samples (32%) showed polymicrobial growth. The following organisms were isolated from the 142 samples subjected for study and the 119 positive cultures. Staphylococcus aureus - 31(26%), Pseudomonas spp. - 28(24%), Proteus spp. - 25(21%), Enterococci -15(13%) Enterobacter-14(12%), Klebsiella spp. - 13(11%), Escherichia coli - 10(8%), CONS - 10(8%), Corynebacterium spp.-8(7%), Nonhemolytic Streptococci-5(4%), Acinetobacter-3 (2.5%) and Citrobacter-3(2.5%). CONCLUSION : This study presents a comprehensive clinical and bacteriological survey of diabetic foot infection in our locality. The non-availability of local data regarding the profile of organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is a stimulus for this study. Though earlier data suggest the Gram Positive aerobic bacteria as predominant isolates from infected diabetic foot ulcers, the aerobic Gram negative bacilli are the most frequently isolated. Hence the major etiological factors for DFI in our patients are different. Isolation of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increasing fraction of Enterobacter species raises a serious concern about the treatment modality. Higher prevalence of both MRSA isolates and ESBL producing Gram negative organisms confirms that MDRO infection is alarmingly higher in our patients on treatment for diabetic foot infection. The place of study being a referral centre with fluent usage of broad spectrum antibiotics and the non compliance of the patients to prolonged treatment may be the possibility behind

A Comparative study to find an Ideal Intubating Dose of inj. Rocuronium Bromide using inj. Vecuronium Bromide as control

INTRODUCTION: Endotracheal intubation is an integral part of administration of anaesthesia during surgical procedure. Succinylcholine, a depolarizing muscle relaxant with rapid onset of action and short duration is still the relaxant of choice to facilitate tracheal intubation. But in addition to fasciculations, succinylcholine has many side effects such as bradycardia, dysrhythmias, increased release of potassium, postop myalgia, increased intra ocular pressure, intra cranial tension, intra gastric pressure, prolonged recovery in patients with pseudocholinesterase deficiency, masseter spasm and triggering malignant hyperthermia. Since these side effects are due to depolarizing mechanism of action of Succinylcholine, search has been focused on to find an ideal non depolarizing muscle relaxant with rapid onset time and offering excellent intubating conditions and also lacking all the above mentioned side effects. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study is to find an ideal intubating dose of Inj. Rocuronium bromide 0.6mg/kg (2 ED 95) and 0.9mg/kg (3 ED 95) comparing with Inj. Vecuronium bromide 0.1mg /kg (2 ED 95) as control with regards to • Intubating conditions. • Onset of blockade or time to maximum blockade. • Duration of blockade. • Hemodynamic stability. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Adult patients of both sexes in the age group of 15-50 yrs belonging to ASA I / II category and their weight ranging 40-80 kg posted for various surgeries requiring general anaesthesia at Department of General Surgery, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Urology and Department of Eye, Nose and Throat, Govt. KMCH, formed the study group. This study was designed as randomized, prospective study. The study was performed after obtaining the institutional ethical committee approval. Pre study assessment was done, procedure explained and informed consent obtained and patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups requiring GA. Groups : 1. Group I :15 patients receiving Inj. Rocuronium Bromide 0.6 mg/kg 2. Group II :15 patients receiving Inj. Rocuronium Bromide 0.9 mg/kg 3. Group III :15 patients receiving Inj. Vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg Patient Selection : Inclusion Criteria : 1. 45 patients of ASA grade I & II 2. Age 15-50 yrs 3. Both sex 4. Requiring General Anaesthesia with Endotracheal Intubation. 5. Elective Surgery 6. Without any comorbid illness. Exclusion criteria: 1. Having any allergy to narcotics or neuromuscular blocking drug, 2. Patients on any other treatment which might interfere with action of NM blocking drugs, 3. Pregnant patients, 4. Having neuro muscular diseases, 5. Having preop airway or intubation problems. Drug Treatment: 1. Group A : ROC 0.6 mg /kg, 2. Group B: ROC 0.9 mg /kg, 3. Group C: VEC 0.1 mg/kg. Monitoring: 1. Pulse oximetry, 2. NIBP, 3. ECG, 4. TOF-WATCH SX 100, 5. Temperature Monitor. TOF WATCH SX: 1. Has two optional calibration modes. 2. Acceleration transducer, temperature sensor and cable for surface electrodes present. 3. Nerve stimulation attained at low current 4. Display of data in computers. 5. Train of four with programmable repetition time. Methodology: 1. 45 patients were randomized into three groups of 15 each. 2. Premedication : Patients premedicated with Inj. Glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg IV, Inj. Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg IV 15 min before induction. 3. Preoxygenation : Done with 100% O2 for 3 min. SUMMARY: 1. Group II patients receiving Inj.Roc 0.9 mg/kg showed excellent intubating conditions between 60 – 90 sec. 2. Group I patients receiving Inj.Roc 0.6 mg/kg had maximum blockade between 150–180 sec and Group III patients receiving Inj.Vec 0.1 mg/kg had maximum blockade between 180-210 sec. 3. The mean duration of action in Group II (Inj.Roc 0.9) was 48 min. 4. The mean duration of action in Group I (Inj.Roc 0.6) was 37 min and in Group III (Inj.Vec 0.1) was 39 min. 5. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic variables in all three groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Roc 0.9 mg/kg provides excellent intubating conditions with rapid onset of action, with longer duration of action and no significant hemodynamic changes when compared with Roc 0.6 mg/kg and Vec 0.1mg/kg and hence can be used as an ideal intubating dose. From the above mentioned study it can also be concluded that Roc 0.9mg/kg can be used for rapid sequence intubation in the place of depolarizing muscle relaxants like succinylcholine

A generalized framework for hierarchical real-time scheduling

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Matrix Tablets of Perindopril Erbumine.

Drug delivery is the method or process of administering a pharmaceutical compound to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. Drug delivery technologies are the formulation technologies that modify drug release profile, absorption, distribution and elimination for the benefit of improving product efficacy and safety, as well as patient convenience and compliance. It was concluded that an inverse correlation existed between swelling index and the drug release i.e. the formulation having maximum swelling index showed better controlled release. The formulations containing HPMC K100M showed satisfactory results for floating and swelling behaviour as well as controlled release properties. In the best formulation (F1) swelling was strong enough to avoid premature disintegration as well as the burst effect and retarded drug release in a controlled manner for a longer period of time (11 hours) and 12 hour gastric residence was confirmed by invivo studies. Thus floating drug delivery system using high viscosity gel forming polymers would be a promising and feasible approach to achieve controlled release above the absorption zone especially for narrow absorption window drugs like Perindopril erbumine. It is the role of the future scientists to utilize the effectiveness of this delivery system clinically for hypertensive patients