119 research outputs found
Contribution of factor structure change to China’s economic growth: evidence from the time-varying elastic production function model
The time-varying factor share runs through the entire process of
the Chinese economic miracle, unlike the ‘Kaldor Facts’ in developed
countries. Following the new structural economics theory,
we construct a time-varying elastic production function model
that characterises the structural changes of China’s economic
element, and decompose the driving force of economic growth
to measure the contribution of factor structure. We found that,
from 1978–2017, the average contribution of capital, labour,
technological progress, and factor structure change to the GDP
was 67.01%, 10.38%, 23.08%, and 0.47%, respectively. The measurement
results can aptly portray the impact of policy changes in
China’s unique gradual reform process, such as the economic
market reforms in 1992, the global financial crisis in 2008, and the
policy changes of the new economic normal in 2014. Meanwhile,
the results reveal that improving factor allocation can accelerate
the total factor productivity and promote high-quality development
of China’s economy
Review on the research of hydrogen storage system fast refueling in fuel cell vehicle: Review
International audienceA comprehensive review of the hydrogen storage systems and investigations performed in search for development of fast refueling technology for fuel cell vehicles are presented. Nowadays, hydrogen is considered as a good and promising energy carrier and can be stored in gaseous, liquid or solid state. Among the three ways, high pressure (such as 35 MPa or 70 MPa) appears to be the most suitable method for transportation due to its technical simplicity, high reliability, high energy efficiency and affordability. However, the refueling of high pressure hydrogen can cause a rapid increase of inner temperature of the storage cylinder, which may result not only in a decrease of the state of charge (SOC) but also in damages to the tank walls and finally to safety problems. In this paper, the theoretical analysis, experiments and simulations on the factors related to the fast refueling, such as initial pressure, initial temperature, filling rate and ambient temperature, are reviewed and analyzed. Understanding the potential relationships between these parameters and the temperature rise may shed a light in developing novel controlling strategies and innovative routes for hydrogen tank fast filling
The level effect and volatility effect of uncertainty shocks in China
Previous studies have assumed that the volatility of exogenous
shocks is constant, which can only measure the level effects of
uncertain shocks. This article introduces the time-varying volatility
model into a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (D.S.G.E.)
model and uses the third-order perturbation method to identify
and decompose the level and volatility effects of uncertainty
shocks. Based on the results of empirical research in China, the
effect of volatility shocks is different from that of level shocks: the
effect of level shocks is direct and positive, and its impact is
larger, while the effect of volatility shocks is indirect and negative,
and its impact is smaller. This article also finds that the impact of
uncertainty shocks will lead to economic stagnation, inflation, and
the stagflation effect
Stabilizing a three-center single-electron metal–metal bond in a fullerene cage
Trimetallic carbide clusterfullerenes (TCCFs) encapsulating a quinary M3C2 cluster represent a special family of endohedral fullerenes with an open-shell electronic configuration. Herein, a novel TCCF based on a medium-sized rare earth metal, dysprosium (Dy), is synthesized for the first time. The molecular structure of Dy3C2@Ih(7)-C80 determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the encapsulated Dy3C2 cluster adopts a bat ray configuration, in which the acetylide unit C2 is elevated above the Dy3 plane by ∼1.66 Å, while Dy–Dy distances are ∼3.4 Å. DFT computational analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the endohedral cluster has an unusual formal charge distribution of (Dy3)8+(C2)2−@C806− and features an unprecedented three-center single-electron Dy–Dy–Dy bond, which has never been reported for lanthanide compounds. Moreover, this electronic structure is different from that of the analogous Sc3C2@Ih(7)-C80 with a (Sc3)9+(C2)3−@C806− charge distribution and no metal–metal bonding
A review on fundamentals for designing hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst
As a clean, efficient, and renewable energy source, hydrogen has always been recognized as a favourable replacement of fossil fuel. A primary challenge is an efficient generation of hydrogen to fulfil the requirements of hydrogen on a commercial scale. The electrocatalytic process of HER (hydrogen evolution reaction), as primary phase in water electrolytic process for H2 production, has undergone comprehensive observation from recent decades. Electrolytic water splitting presents a promised route to attain efficient hydrogen generation concerning energy conversion and storage, with electrolysis or catalysis playing a pivotal role. The advancement of catalyst or electrocatalysts that are effective, enduring and economical is necessary prerequisite for realizing the intended electrolytic hydrogen generation from water splitting for applicable considerations, embodying the primary emphasis of this article. In this extensive review, we initially summarize the basics of the Hydrogen evolution reaction and examine the latest cutting-edge progress in economical and highly efficiency catalysts utilizing both non-noble and noble metals. Moreover, the recent breakthroughs over the preceding years in electrolytic HER employing more affordable and widely available nanoparticles with a specific center of attention on economical and non-platinum electrocatalysts rooted in metal free (MF) and transition metal composite catalysts are deliberated here
Social Interaction Patterns of the Disabled People in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas
The social participation of the disabled people is unsatisfactory and low, one of the reasons often overlooked but of great importance may lie in the disparate patterns of social interaction between the disabled people and the abled people. The current study respectively recruited 41 and 80 disabled people in two experiments and adopted give-some games and public good dilemma to explore social interaction patterns between the disabled abled people. The results were as follows: (1) the disabled people preferred to interact with the disabled people and the abled people preferred to interact with the abled people. (2) The disabled abled people had higher cooperation, satisfaction and sense of justice when interacting with the disabled people than interacting with the abled people. (3) Advantage in the number of the disabled people could reverse their disadvantage in the identity. These results are of important practical value, which provides related theoretical support for the disabled people’s federation and communities when carrying out activities for the disabled people
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