Safe Harbor for Officer Reliance: Comparing the Approaches of the Model Business Corporation Act and Delaware’s General Corporation Law

Balotti and Shaner discuss the duties of and potential for imposing liability on corporate officers. The fiduciary duties of officers is addressed, in differing degrees, under Delaware law, the law frequently applied to corporate-governance disputes, and under the Model Business Corporation Act (MBCA). In discharging their fiduciary duties, directors under both the MBCA and the General Corporation Law are generally protected from personal liability if, in making business decisions, they reasonably rely on the reports and records of officers, employees, advisors, and experts of the corporation

Scab of Wheat and Barley

During the past 15 years, scab has severely damaged soft red winter wheat crops in several Corn Belt states, hard red spring wheat and spring barley in the Red River Valley of the northern plains, and soft white wheats in Michigan, New York, and Ontario. In Indiana, scab was a major problem in 4 of the past 10 years: 1986, 1990, 1991, and 1995. Scab is not a new disease. J. C. Arthur, the first plant pathologist at Purdue, described the disease in 1891. He said the disease was new to science but was familiar to farmers as scab. Until the last decade, scab was regarded as a sporadic disease that might be seen only once in 1 0 or 15 years, and then only in scattered fields. It is now regarded as a chronic disease in the eastern half of the US and one of the most critical problems for production of quality wheat and barley. Development of scab is sensitive to weather. Several fungi of the genus Fusarium cause scab, but the principal pathogen is Fusarium graminearum. This fungus is a pathogen of corn (Gibberella ear and stalk rot) as well as wheat and barley. The main site for infection of wheat and barley is the anthers just after flowering. If weather is wet and warm when the crop is flowering, and there is a local source of abundant fungal inoculum, a high incidence of infection will result

Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

Parmi les premiers produits issus de la biotechnologie à atteindre le marché se trouvent les cultures résistantes aux herbicides. L'industrie envisage le développement de cultivars résistants aux herbicides comme une façon d'accroître la disponibilité d'herbicides éprouvés pour une gamme de cultures plus vaste. Cependant, le développement de cultures résistantes aux herbicides requiert une attention particulière envers certaines questions environnementales, à savoir l'utilisation des herbicides, la sélection de biotypes de mauvaises herbes résistants et la transmission de gènes de résistance entre ces cultures et des espèces sauvages. L'industrie tente activement de répondre à ces préoccupations pendant le processus de développement. Un développement adéquat et une utilisation judicieuse des cultures résistantes aux herbicides, dans le cadre de programmes de lutte intégrée contre les mauvaises herbes, procureront aux producteurs agricoles une flexibilité et une efficacité accrues, ainsi qu'une diminution des coûts associés à la répression des mauvaises herbes, sans augmenter le risque d'obtenir des mauvaises herbes résistantes aux herbicides. De plus, les cultures résistantes aux herbicides devraient constituer des outils précieux dans la gestion des mauvaises herbes résistantes aux herbicides.Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds

Navigating the Bow Wave of Change: The Felt Experience of Belonging to the United States Naval Academy\u27s First Gender-Integrated Class

On July 6, 1976 the United States Naval Academy (USNA) admitted its first-ever gender-integrated class. I was a member of that class, along with 81 female classmates who entered USNA with the class of 1980 (USNA ‘80). Those classmates were pioneers, though few of them realized at the time just how long and how hard their journey would be. The numerous challenges faced by USNA ‘80 on their journey through the Academy have been well documented (Gelfand, 2008). But there has been far less research on the lived experience of that pioneering class. This study fills a gap between historical and academic accounts of the gender integration at USNA and the felt experience of both the men and women of USNA ‘80 who lived through that integration process. One common theme that emerged was the lack of support my female classmates felt from some of their male peers. This finding led to an exploration of how the culture and traditions at USNA nurtured and reinforced the prejudice displayed by those male classmates. This study also looked the coping strategies employed to navigate the difficulties of gender integration and how being part of that integration process impacted the lives of USNA ‘80 long after graduation. A key feature of this study is my use of an artform (in this case documentary filmmaking) to both conduct and present my research. Following Eisner’s (2008) argument that art can be considered a form of knowledge, I first conducted extensive, on-camera interviews with members of USNA ’80. Those interviews were then examined using narrative and thematic analysis and the resulting findings are presented in the form of a video documentary. The goal of this singular documentary parallels the goal of this study: to create a visceral, in-depth description of the gender integration process at USNA from the perspective of the first class to live through it

Technology Transfer: From Researchers to Users

A book review of Technology Transfer: From Researchers to Users by Herbert F. Lionberger and Paul H. Gwin