Measurement and Calibration of A High-Sensitivity Microwave Power Sensor with An Attenuator

In this paper, measurement and calibration of a high-sensitivity microwave power sensor through an attenuator is performed using direct comparison transfer technique. To provide reliable results, a mathematical model previously derived using signal flow graphs together with non-touching loop rule analysis for the measurement estimate (i.e. calibration factor) and its uncertainty evaluation is comparatively investigated. The investigation is carried out through the analysis of physical measurement processes, and consistent mathematical model is observed. Later, an example of Type-N (up to 18 GHz) application is used to demonstrate its calibration and measurement capability

Halos in medium-heavy and heavy nuclei with covariant density functional theory in continuum

The covariant density functional theory with a few number of parameters has been widely used to describe the ground-state and excited-state properties for the nuclei all over the nuclear chart. In order to describe exotic properties of unstable nuclei, the contribution of the continuum and its coupling with bound states should be treated properly. In this Topical Review, the development of the covariant density functional theory in continuum will be introduced, including the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov theory, the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory in continuum, and the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum. Then the descriptions and predictions of the neutron halo phenomena in both spherical and deformed nuclei will be reviewed. The diffuseness of the nuclear potentials, nuclear shapes and density distributions, and the impact of the pairing correlations on nuclear size will be discussed.Comment: 63 pages; Topical Review, J. Phys. G (in press

Openness' and Organizational Factors' Effects on Learning Behavior

This study investigates the influence of openness, collaborative culture, and organizational climate on learning behavior (i.e. knowledge-sharing and explorative learning) in the Taiwanese technology industry. Data were collected from 200 participations working in 42 technological companies; 178 participants were used to perform hierarchical linear modeling. Openness and collaborative culture were related positively to learning behavior, learning behavior influenced organizational climate negatively, and collaborative culture and organizational climate did not moderate openness and learning behavior. This study uses two-level variables to examine influences on learning behavior. Using hierarchical linear modeling, two-level variables and moderating effects are examined simultaneously. The primary contribution of this study is demonstrating that organizational climate types influence learning behavior; the wrong climate weakens learning behavior, especially explorative learning

Lattice ellipsoidal statistical BGK model for thermal non-equilibrium flows

A thermal lattice Boltzmann model is constructed on the basis of the ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (ES-BGK) collision operator via the Hermite moment representation. The resulting lattice ES-BGK model uses a single distribution function and features an adjustable Prandtl number. Numerical simulations show that using a moderate discrete velocity set, this model can accurately recover steady and transient solutions of the ES-BGK equation in the slip-flow and early transition regimes in the small Mach number limit that is typical of microscale problems of practical interest. In the transition regime in particular, comparisons with numerical solutions of the ES-BGK model, direct Monte Carlo and low-variance deviational Monte Carlo simulations show good accuracy for values of the Knudsen number up to approximately 0:5. On the other hand, highly non-equilibrium phenomena characterized by high Mach numbers, such as viscous heating and force-driven Poiseuille flow for large values of the driving force, are more difficult to capture quantitatively in the transition regime using discretizations that have been chosen with computational efficiency in mind such as the one used here, although improved accuracy is observed as the number of discrete velocities is increased

Microscopic and self-consistent description for neutron halo in deformed nuclei

A deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum has been developed for the study of neutron halos in deformed nuclei and the halo phenomenon in deformed weakly bound nuclei is investigated. Magnesium and neon isotopes are studied and some results are presented for the deformed neutron-rich and weakly bound nuclei 44Mg and 36Ne. The core of the former nucleus is prolate, but the halo has a slightly oblate shape. This indicates a decoupling of the halo orbitals from the deformation of the core. The generic conditions for the existence of halos in deformed nuclei and for the occurrence of this decoupling effect are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; invited talk at the XXXV Brazilian Workshop on Nuclear Physics, Sep 2-6, 2012, Maresias, Brazi

Quantity and quality of China's water from demand perspectives

China is confronted with an unprecedented water crisis regarding its quantity and quality. In this study, we quantified the dynamics of China's embodied water use and chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharge from 2010 to 2015. The analysis was conducted with the latest available water use data across sectors in primary, secondary and tertiary industries and input-output models. The results showed that (1) China's water crisis was alleviated under urbanisation. Urban consumption occupied the largest percentages (over 30%) of embodied water use and COD discharge, but embodied water intensities in urban consumption were far lower than those in rural consumption. (2) The 'new normal' phase witnessed the optimisation of China's water use structures. Embodied water use in light-manufacturing and tertiary sectors increased while those in heavy-manufacturing sectors (except chemicals and transport equipment) dropped. (3) Transformation of China's international market brought positive effects on its domestic water use. China's water use (116-80 billion tonnes (Bts))9 and COD discharge (3.95-2.22 million tonnes (Mts)) embodied in export tremendously decreased while its total export values (11-25 trillion CNY) soared. Furthermore, embodied water use and COD discharge in relatively low-end sectors, such as textile, started to transfer from international to domestic markets when a part of China's production activities had been relocated to other developing countries