On the relation between the mass of Compact Massive Objects and their host galaxies

Supermassive black holes and/or very dense stellar clusters are found in the central regions of galaxies. Nuclear star clusters are present mainly in faint galaxies while upermassive black holes are common in galaxies with masses $\geq 10^{10}$ M$_\odot$. In the intermediate galactic mass range both types of central massive objects (CMOs) are found. Here we present our collection of a huge set of nuclear star cluster and massive black hole data that enlarges significantly already existing data bases useful to investigate for correlations of their absolute magnitudes, velocity dispersions and masses with structural parameters of their host galaxies. In particular, we directed our attention to some differences between the correlations of nuclear star clusters and massive black holes as subsets of CMOs with hosting galaxies. In this context, the mass-velocity dispersion relation plays a relevant role because it seems the one that shows a clearer difference between the supermassive black holes and nuclear star clusters. The $M_{MBH}-{\sigma}$ has a slope of $5.19\pm 0.28$ while $M_{NSC}-{\sigma}$ has the much smaller slope of $1.84\pm 0.64$. The slopes of the CMO mass- host galaxy B magnitude of the two types of CMOs are indistinguishable within the errors while that of the NSC mass-host galaxy mass relation is significantly smaller than for supermassive black holes. Another important result is the clear depauperation of the NSC population in bright galaxy hosts, which reflects also in a clear flattening of the NSC mass vs host galaxy mass at high host masses.Comment: 12 pages, 22 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

Data_Sheet_1_Drivers of high-cost persistence in rural China: A population-based retrospective study.docx

PurposeHigh-cost patients account for over 70% of total health expenditures in rural China and have become a key focus of health insurers. Persistently high-cost patients constitute a substantial proportion of medical resources. Hence, exploring high-cost persistence (HCP) and what drives it is considered meaningful and necessary.Patients and methodsA population-based retrospective study was carried out. The annual healthcare utilization data of Dangyang New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed. Patients in the top 10% of spending in a given year were considered high-cost patients. Persistence level was estimated using Markov matrices. A total of 19,405 patients categorized as high-cost patients in 2016 were divided into two groups according to whether or not they kept high-cost status in 2017. Finally, a multilevel logistic regression model was used in examining the determinants of HCP.ResultsOn average, about 31.48% of high-cost patients each year still maintained high-cost status in the subsequent year from 2012 to 2017. The elderly (OR = 2.150), families with more non-labor members (OR = 2.307), families applying for subsistence allowances (OR = 1.245), and patients with blood and immune diseases (OR = 2.614) or malignant tumors (OR = 2.077) were more likely to maintain high-cost status. Hospitalization frequency was found to be a mediator.ConclusionAbout one-third of high-cost patients in a given year had persistently high cost status in the subsequent year. Health status and family support were considered the main drivers of HCP. High inpatient service utilization as a mediator was a prominent manifestation of persistently high-cost patients. The accurate identification of persistently high-cost patients is the basis for our management.</p

Epigenetic Modulation of the Biophysical Properties of Drug-Resistant Cell Lipids to Restore Drug Transport and Endocytic Functions

In our recent studies exploring the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell lipids, and the role they play in drug transport, we demonstrated the difference of drug-resistant breast cancer cells from drug-sensitive cells in lipid composition and biophysical properties, suggesting that cancer cells acquire a drug-resistant phenotype through the alteration of lipid synthesis to inhibit intracellular drug transport to protect from cytotoxic effect. In cancer cells, epigenetic changes (e.g., DNA hypermethylation) are essential to maintain this drug-resistant phenotype. Thus, altered lipid synthesis may be linked to epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance. We hypothesize that reversing DNA hypermethylation in resistant cells with an epigenetic drug could alter lipid synthesis, changing the cell membrane’s biophysical properties to facilitate drug delivery to overcome drug resistance. Herein we show that treating drug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) with the epigenetic drug 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine) significantly alters cell lipid composition and biophysical properties, causing the resistant cells to acquire biophysical characteristics similar to those of sensitive cell (MCF-7) lipids. Following decitabine treatment, resistant cells demonstrated increased sphingomyelinase activity, resulting in a decreased sphingomyelin level that influenced lipid domain structures, increased membrane fluidity, and reduced P-glycoprotein expression. Changes in the biophysical characteristics of resistant cell lipids facilitated doxorubicin transport and restored endocytic function for drug delivery with a lipid-encapsulated form of doxorubicin, enhancing the drug efficacy. In conclusion, we have established a new mechanism for efficacy of an epigenetic drug, mediated through changes in lipid composition and biophysical properties, in reversing cancer drug resistance

Etudes sur le terrain et en laboratoire des causes de la mortalite ovine dans les hauts plateaux ethiopiens en 1986-1987

Reports the major specific causes of sheep mortality in the Debre Berhan area between July 1986 and June 1987. Includes data on seasonal crude death rates, causes of mortality, frequency and age at death

MOESM5 of A robust vegetation index for remotely assessing chlorophyll content of dorsiventral leaves across several species in different seasons

Additional file 5: Figure S4. Contour maps for R2 between LCC and the MDATT index with the combination of Îť2 and Îť3 derived from the abaxial leaf reflectance for each plant species (the dots and letters represent the same items as in Figure S1)

MOESM6 of A robust vegetation index for remotely assessing chlorophyll content of dorsiventral leaves across several species in different seasons

Additional file 6: Figure S5. Contour maps for R2 between LCC and the MDATT index with the combination of Îť2 and Îť3 derived from the adaxial and abaxial leaf reflectance for each plant species (the dots and letters represent the same items as in Figure S1)

Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Cytotoxic Saccharothriolides D to F from a Rare Actinomycete <i>Saccharothrix</i> sp. and Their Structure–Activity Relationship

Three new 10-membered macrolides, saccharothriolides D–F (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>), were isolated from a rare actinomycete, <i>Saccharothrix</i> sp. A1506. The planar structures were determined from analysis of extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS data, and the absolute configurations were established by ECD spectroscopy analysis. Saccharothriolides D (<b>1</b>) and E (<b>2</b>) were determined to be C-2 epimers of saccharothriolides A (<b>4</b>) and B (<b>5</b>), respectively. Saccharothriolide F (<b>3</b>) was identified to be a demethylated congener of saccharothriolides D (<b>1</b>) and A (<b>4</b>) at the C-2 position. The availability of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>6</b> enabled a structure–activity relationship study that revealed the importance of the phenolic hydroxy group at C-2″ and the stereochemistry of C-2 for the inhibition of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cell growth

Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Hollow Silica Colloids

In this work, hollow silica colloids with different shapes, such as pseudocubes, ellipsoids, capsules, and peanuts, have been synthesized through the following process: silica coating on the surface of hematite colloidal particles with different shapes (pseudocubes, ellipsoids, capsules, and peanuts) and the sequential acid dissolution of the hematite cores. The as-obtained hollow silica colloids with different shapes have uniform sizes, shapes, and shells

MOESM2 of A robust vegetation index for remotely assessing chlorophyll content of dorsiventral leaves across several species in different seasons

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Contour maps for R2 between LCC and the MDATT index with the combination of 位1 and 位3 derived from the adaxial leaf reflectance for each plant species (the dots represent the wavebands combination with highest R2. Two combinations have the same highest R2 value because 位2 and 位3 are exchangeable in the MDATT index. a, Chinese elm; b, Virginia creeper; c, torch tree; d, Manchurian lilac; e, grapevine; f, Narrow-leaved oleaster; g, white poplar)

MOESM3 of A robust vegetation index for remotely assessing chlorophyll content of dorsiventral leaves across several species in different seasons

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Contour maps for R2 between LCC and the MDATT index with the combination of Îť2 and Îť3 derived from the adaxial leaf reflectance for each plant species (the dots and letters represent the same as items in Figure S1)