Role of Stand-Alone Business Entities in Sustaining Newly Established Nonprofit Organizations

Thousands of newly established nonprofit organizations (NPOs) with long-lasting and needed missions disappear annually, which negatively impacts the nonprofit sector in general and the potential recipients of the discontinued NPOs\u27 services. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the possible influence that the presence of a strategic resource development plan and the establishment of a stand-alone business entity have on the persistence of newly established NPOs that have long-lasting and needed missions in the United States within the context of the theoretical framework resource dependence theory. Research questions focused on the role of commercial activities, particularly the stand-alone business entity model, and the importance of strategic resource development on NPOs\u27 sustainability within the first 5 years of existence. The study population consisted of NPOs that had disappeared within 5 years of existence and those that had remained active for more than 5 years. Data from a researcher-developed survey instrument were collected from 33 representatives of active organizations and 29 representatives of nonactive organizations. Chi-square tests of independence revealed that the strategic resource development plan and the commercial activities/stand-alone business entities were significantly associated with the sustainability of the NPOs. Findings may be used to promote the creation of a strategic resource development plan and/or a stand-alone business entity at the initial stages of NPOs\u27 establishment to sustain their role and contributions in their communities

Sinteza i biološka evaluacija nekih pirimidina, pirimido[2,1-b][1,3]tiazina i tiazolo[3,2-a]pirimidin derivata

4,6-Diamino-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione (1) was used for the preparation of the pyrimidine derivatives 2-5. Compound 5 was cyclized to produce pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine derivatives 6, which was condensed with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to give compound 7. The latter compound was reacted with hydroxylamine to give isoxazolo[4,5-d]thiazino[2,3-a]pyrimidines 8. Compound 8b was treated with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether to afford compound 9. Similarly, compound 3 was reacted with chloroacetic acid to give thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine 10, which was condensed with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to give compound 11. Compound 11 was condensed with hydroxylamine to give isoxazolo[4,5-d]thiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine 12. Compound 12b was treated with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether to afford compound 13. The biological evaluation of some prepared products showed that many of them revealed promising antimicrobial activity.4,6-Diamino-1H-pirimidin-2-tion (1) upotrebljen je kao ishodni spoj u sintezi derivata pirimidina 2-5. Spoj 5 je cikliziran u pirimido[2,1-b][1,3]tiazin derivat 6, koji je kondenziran s p-klorbenzaldehidom u spoj 7. Produkt 7 je u reakciji s hidroksilaminom dao izoksazol[4,5-d]tiazino[2,3-a]pirimidin 8. Spoj 8b je u reakciji s 2-kloretil metil eterom dao spoj 9. Slično je spoj 3 reagirao s kloroctenom kiselinom i dao tiazol[3,2-a]pirimidin 10, koji je kondenziran s p-klorbenzaldehidom u produkt 11. Spoj 11 je kondenzacijom s hidroksilaminom dao izoksazol[4,5-d]tiazolo[2,3-a]pirimidin 12. Spoj 12b je s 2-kloretil metil eterom dao produkt 13. Biološka evaluacija pokazuje da neki od sintetiziranih produkata imaju antimikrobno djelovanje

cis-1-Ethyl-4,4,6,8-tetra­methyl-2-tosyl-2,3,3a,4,6,7,8,9-octa­hydro-1H-pyrrolo[3′,4′:3,4]pyrano[6,5-d]pyrimidine-7,9-dione

In the title compound, C22H29N3O5S, the pyrrolidine ring is cis-fused to the dihydro­pyran ring. The pyrrolidine and dihydro­pyran rings adopt twist and half-chair conformations, respectively. The mol­ecule is in a folded conformation; the sulfonyl-bound benzene ring lies over the pyrimidine­dione ring, with a weak π–π inter­action [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6147 (4) Å]. A weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Adoption and diffusion of financial innovations The case of junk bonds and note issuance facilities

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The impact of IT project management tools and leadership self-efficacy on project success

The present study is concerned with improving IT project outcomes, specifically in relation to the possible effects of Leadership Self-Efficacy (LSE) and the use of Information Technology Project Management (ITPM) tools. Though logically connected to effective project work and outcomes, the literature review on project management, leadership, LSE and tools did not uncover empirical studies raising the questions of the relationship of these factors with project outcomes or studies seeking to determine the direct effect of each of these two factors on project outcomes. The present study focuses on filling this gap in research by addressing these questions and presents a research model that has provided statistically reliable evidence of the positive impact of each of these two factors on the odds of project outcomes at the component level of the project dimension. The study was designed based on an abbreviated version of an IT project, consisting of four project dimensions: communication management, requirements gathering, risk management, and project support transition, and two dimension-specific ITPM tools for each dimension. Data was collected using 1) a questionnaire to measure each participant’s level of LSE, 2) a survey of tool use and outcomes in the four dimensions for each of ten projects managed by each participant, and 3) recorded personal interviews with twenty-nine highly qualified and experienced IT project management professionals who have cumulatively handled 1,000+ projects in 400+ companies across four industries (high-tech, retail, automotive and logistics). The data from the LSE questionnaire was used to assess each participant’s level of LSE. The LSE data and the data of each participant’s reports on ten projects was analysed using logistic regression. The results showed that 1) project managers’ possession of LSE and 2) the utilisation of dimension-specific ITPM tools each increased the odds of successful outcomes in each project dimension with statistically significant results with the exception of one tool. The interview transcripts were analysed qualitatively for trends in these experts’ viewpoints regarding the practical reality of IT project management. With the aim of gleaning insights into the possible relationship of LSE and project managers’ perspectives on success and failure and on tool use, the interview transcripts were further analysed quantitatively with a word to vector text analysis (a Natural Language Processing technique) for word associations regarding concepts of success, failure, ITPM tools, and related project manager activities. The results showed a notable difference in degree of cosine similarity for word associations of selected word pairs found in the transcripts of the group with higher LSE scores compared to those of the group with lower LSE scores, in almost all cases, providing more evidence that the factor of LSE is influential. This study makes important contributions to the background literature on LSE and project management and offers a reproducible research design that yielded statistically reliable results that confirm the influences of LSE and tools on project dimension outcomes. Furthermore, this study applied a text analysis technique to explore the factor of LSE and word associations regarding IT project dimensions and tools. These contributions, along with insights from the literature review, can be applied to training and development for IT project managers. Besides its immediate applications, this study has taken a step toward empirically and statistically researching factors contributing to IT project outcomes and provides a base study and context for future research in this area

Predictive modeling of burnout based on organizational culture perceptions among health systems employees: a comparative study using correlation, decision tree, and Bayesian analyses

Abstract Burnout is a significant concern, particularly within the healthcare field, affecting both nurses and physicians. It is a common issue in health systems, which encompass a range of healthcare facilities, such as hospitals, physician practices, ambulatory sites, and administrative offices like finance. Despite this, there has not been an extensive exploration of burnout in employees working directly with patients versus those in non-patient-facing roles within these health systems. It is important to note that organizational culture plays a crucial role in influencing various aspects of employees' work-life balance and their experiences of burnout. This study adopts a cross-sectional design, involving the distribution of a 57-question Likert scale survey to employees in health systems. These employees serve in various roles, both patient-facing and non-patient-facing, within jointly owned healthcare organizations, which encompass hospitals, ambulatory sites, and administrative offices. The survey was disseminated through trade organizations and employees at the managerial level and above within these health systems. Data was collected between October 2022 and January 2023, resulting in a total of 67 responses. The study employs correlation analysis to explore the connection between organizational culture and burnout. Furthermore, a decision tree model is constructed to predict burnout scores based on survey responses, specifically the question regarding the perceived positivity of the organizational culture. The decision tree models indicate that perceiving organizational culture as positive, safety-oriented, and supportive predicts various outcomes for individuals, including job retention, positive experiences with patients, increased callousness, and stimulation while working with colleagues. Bayesian analysis, considering the small sample size, reinforces these findings and provides a different perspective, incorporating prior knowledge and credible intervals. An association test suggests a strong link between a positive organizational culture and burnout symptoms, while another test supports a connection with engagement signs. Similar to nurses and physicians, administrative health systems’ personnel are susceptible to burnout. Organizational culture can affect burnout. Therefore, health systems’ leaders should cultivate an organizational culture that protects against burnout