518 research outputs found
Spin wave resonances in La_{0.7}Sr_{0.3}MnO_{3} films: measurement of spin wave stiffness and anisotropy field
We studied magnetic field dependent microwave absorption in epitaxial
LaSrMnO films using an X-band Bruker ESR spectrometer. By
analyzing angular and temperature dependence of the ferromagnetic and spin-wave
resonances we determine spin-wave stiffness and anisotropy field. The spin-wave
stiffness as found from the spectrum of the standing spin-wave resonances in
thin films is in fair agreement with the results of inelastic neutron
scattering studies on a single crystal of the same composition [Vasiliu-Doloc
et al., J. Appl. Phys. \textbf{83}, 7343 (1998)].Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures (now figure captions are included
Low-Dose CT Image Enhancement Using Deep Learning
The application of ionizing radiation for diagnostic imaging is common around
the globe. However, the process of imaging, itself, remains to be a relatively
hazardous operation. Therefore, it is preferable to use as low a dose of
ionizing radiation as possible, particularly in computed tomography (CT)
imaging systems, where multiple x-ray operations are performed for the
reconstruction of slices of body tissues. A popular method for radiation dose
reduction in CT imaging is known as the quarter-dose technique, which reduces
the x-ray dose but can cause a loss of image sharpness. Since CT image
reconstruction from directional x-rays is a nonlinear process, it is
analytically difficult to correct the effect of dose reduction on image
quality. Recent and popular deep-learning approaches provide an intriguing
possibility of image enhancement for low-dose artifacts. Some recent works
propose combinations of multiple deep-learning and classical methods for this
purpose, which over-complicate the process. However, it is observed here that
the straight utilization of the well-known U-NET provides very successful
results for the correction of low-dose artifacts. Blind tests with actual
radiologists reveal that the U-NET enhanced quarter-dose CT images not only
provide an immense visual improvement over the low-dose versions, but also
become diagnostically preferable images, even when compared to their full-dose
CT versions
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Enhanced Optical 13C Hyperpolarization in Diamond Treated by High-Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing
Methods of optical dynamic nuclear polarization open the door to the replenishable hyperpolarization of nuclear spins, boosting their nuclear magnetic resonance/imaging signatures by orders of magnitude. Nanodiamond powder rich in negatively charged nitrogen vacancy defect centers has recently emerged as one such promising platform, wherein 13C nuclei can be hyperpolarized through the optically pumped defects completely at room temperature. Given the compelling possibility of relaying this 13C polarization to nuclei in external liquids, there is an urgent need for the engineered production of highly āhyperpolarizableā diamond particles. Here, a systematic study of various material dimensions affecting optical 13C hyperpolarization in diamond particles is reported on. It is discovered surprisingly that diamond annealing at elevated temperatures ā¼1720 Ā°C has remarkable effects on the hyperpolarization levels enhancing them by above an order of magnitude over materials annealed through conventional means. It is demonstrated these gains arise from a simultaneous improvement in NVā electron relaxation/coherence times, as well as the reduction of paramagnetic content, and an increase in 13C relaxation lifetimes. This work suggests methods for the guided materials production of fluorescent, 13C hyperpolarized, nanodiamonds and pathways for their use as multimodal (optical and magnetic resonance) imaging and hyperpolarization agents
Strategies and policies to reach a land-degradation neutral world
Despite the difficulties in quantifying the extent and
degree of land degradation or restoration, evidence
shows that continued land degradation will be an
impediment to meeting several SDGs. The United
Nations states that it aims for land degradation
neutrality (LDN) which in 2015 became firmly
established as an agreed-upon objective in the realm
of international environmental politics. First, as part
of the SDGs whose Target 15.3 calls to ācombat
desertification, restore degraded land and soil,
including land affected by desertification, drought
and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradationneutral
worldā by 2030 (UNGA, 2015). The Conference
of Parties (COP) of the United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification (UNCCD) took the decision
to align the implementation of the Convention with
SDG 15.3 and invited its Parties to set voluntary LDN
targets (UNCCD, 2015). From that point onwards,
the key question is how to implement these global
aspirations at the national level and what is needed to
operationalize the LDN concept and translate it into
concrete strategies to meet LDN at scale..
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Ultrananocrystalline Diamonds
We report on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of ultrananocrystalline
diamond (UNCD) materials produced by detonation technique. Analysis of the 13C
and 1H NMR spectra, spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times in purified
UNCD samples is presented. Our measurements show that UNCD particles consist of
a diamond core that is partially covered by a sp2-carbon fullerene-like shell.
The uncovered part of outer diamond surface comprises a number of hydrocarbon
groups that saturate the dangling bonds. Our findings are discussed along with
recent calculations of the UNCD structure. Significant increase in the
spin-lattice relaxation rate (in comparison with that of natural diamond), as
well as stretched exponential character of the magnetization recovery, are
attributed to the interaction of nuclear spins with paramagnetic centers which
are likely fabrication-driven dangling bonds with unpaired electrons. We show
that these centers are located mainly at the interface between the diamond core
and shell.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure
Inferring combinatorial association logic networks in multimodal genome-wide screens
Motivation: We propose an efficient method to infer combinatorial association logic networks from multiple genome-wide measurements from the same sample. We demonstrate our method on a genetical genomics dataset, in which we search for Boolean combinations of multiple genetic loci that associate with transcript levels
Adult women and ADHD: on the temporal dimensions of ADHD identities
This paper uses conceptual resources drawn psychosocial process thinking (Stenner, 2017, Brown and Reavey, 2015, Brown and Stenner, 2009) and from G.H. Mead in particular, to contribute to an emerging body of work on the experiences of adult women with ADHD (Singh, 2002, Waite and Ivey, 2009, Quinn and Madhoo, 2014, Horton-Salway and Davies, 2018). It has a particular focus on how ADHD features in the construction of womenās identities and life-stories and it draws upon findings from a qualitative investigation of adult women diagnosed or self-diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A theoretically informed āthematic decompositionā of 16 depth interviews reveals how complex processes of identity transformation are mediated by the social category of ADHD. Through this process, pasts are reconstructed from the perspective of an āemergentā identity that offers participants the potential for a more enabling and positive future
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