PROM Khad an efficient source of P to replace the costly chemical Phosphatic Fertilizer

The subsidy on phosphate fertilizers rose to an unacceptable level while alternate cost effective technologies are available. Fertilizer industry needs to develop innovative products using the recent advances in the agricultural sciences. Manure producing industries to be supplied rock phosphate mineral (at subsidized costs) as being supplied to chemical fertilizers industries suitable to produce PROM Khad (Phosphate Rich Organic Manure)

OBJECT: TBD A Reflective Essay on the Nature of the yet-to-be-decided Object in Exhibition Design

In the year 2018 the Field Museum in Chicago, in response to the contemporary demands of inclusivity and decolonization, declared that it will redesign its Native American Hall. The developers and curators, in collaboration with Native American communities and curators from Chicago and elsewhere, came up with a list of 6 ‘truths’ about the community. By basing the show on these truths, the aim was to create a plan for an exhibition that can re-educate the public and dispel stereotypes associated with Native Americans. Within the abstract space of the exhibition plan many spots were labeled OBJECT: TBD (to-be-decided), which, in the final show, would be occupied by objects which hadn’t been finalized yet. This essay is an endeavor to bring out the attributes of this “would be” category (referred to as OBJECT: TBD) that the yet-to-be- decided objects reside in

Floret-like multinucleated giant cells in neurofibroma

This short report discusses a case of neurofibroma containing floret-like multinucleated giant cells. This being the second such case in the literature. Floret-like multinucleated giant cells have been reported in gynaecomastia and neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis type 1. These cells have been reported in uncommon soft tissue tumours including pleomorphic lipoma, giant cell collagenoma, giant cell fibroblastoma and giant cell angiofibroma. We recommend these cells to be interpreted carefully keeping in mind the rare malignant change in neurofibromas. Immunohistochemistry would help in defining the nature of such cells

Ranking of hydropower projects based on sustainability criteria in India using multicriteria decision making methods

Assessment of hydropower projects with respect to sustainability criteria is a multidimensional and complex issue. It requires considering technical, environmental, and social parameters instead of purely economic ones in decision making for energy planning. The flexibility to consider several criteria and objectives simultaneously leads to the use of multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods which are well accepted in the field of energy planning. This paper aims at applying MCDM methods in facilitating the decision makers to select the most sustainable hydropower projects in the Indian region by making real and logical choices based on eight important criteria selected from the literature that are compatible with sustainable development. To comprehensively rank hydropower projects three MCDM methods are applied i.e., the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE II), and elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE III). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to calculate the weights of criteria. All three methods are well adapted for sustainability assessment and ranked Sharavathi (A9), Bhakra (A2), and Upper Indravati (A13) to be the most sustainable hydropower projects in India under the selected criteria. The study will be helpful in sustainable energy planning of hydropower projects with similar geographical conditions

Malakoplakia of the appendix, an uncommon entity at an unusual site: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Malakoplakia is an uncommon inflammatory condition usually affecting the genitourinary tract, which has been associated with infections, tumours and immunocompromised states.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of malakoplakia in the appendix of a 61-year-old man with a long-standing history of ulcerative colitis. Clinically and macroscopically malakoplakia can simulate tumours or abscesses and can cause diagnostic difficulties. Histologically malakoplakia in the gastrointestinal tract must be differentiated from Whipple disease, other infectious and noninfectious granulomatous disorders and histiocyte storage diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of malakoplakia of the appendix reported in association with ulcerative colitis and the sixth reported case of malakoplakia of the appendix in the literature. Although the underlying disease in our case was ulcerative colitis, the malakoplakia was limited to the appendix.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The significance of this finding is not clear but we feel that this was a localised manifestation of the underlying immunosuppressive state. Ulcerative colitis and treatment with steroids may make a patient immunosuppressive and the local and systemic change in the immunity may facilitate the proliferation of the organisms and modify the phagocytic abilities of the macrophages.</p

Identity Mapping Scheme with CBDS Approach to Secure MANET

A MANET is considered as self administrating network in which nodes are free to come and join to communicate with various nodes. A network which has a lot of advantages for its characteristics also has disadvantage of being attacked by some malicious node. Since MANET requires that each node should posses a unique, distinct identity, Sybil attack is one of the major threat to MANET. A Sybil attack is in which a node can have different physical identity to weak the distributed MANET system. In this paper, we propose a identity mapping scheme which is implemented with the collaborative bait detection scheme for securing MANET against Sybil attack, black hole attack and gray hole attack. Approach is merged with the CBDS approach for making system more secure against various attacks. Proposed scheme is simulated on NS2 and compared with the Sybil detection scheme on various performance metrics

Backward transfer of Glaswegian English on Indian English and Hindi: a case of simultaneous bilingual and bidialectal contact and interaction in Indian immigrants in Glasgow

In the wider context of Second Language Acquisition, much evidence has been found for phonological backward transfer across languages, but there are still various facets of it that remain unknown. This thesis investigates three such aspects: (1) the role of systemic similarity between linguistic varieties in affecting backward transfer, (2) differences between backward transfer across languages and backward transfer across dialects, and (3) the role of multiple sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic factors in affecting backward transfer. To this end, this study examined the first-generation bilingual adult Indian immigrant community in Glasgow ‘Glaswasians’ (n = 38), who were bilingual in Hindi and Indian English prior to arriving in Glasgow and are now in contact with the dominant host variety in Glasgow, Glaswegian English. In addition to Glaswasians, two control groups were recruited: ‘Glaswegians’ (n = 34), native speakers of Glaswegian English who reside in Glasgow, and ‘Indians’, (n = 31), native speakers of Indian English and Hindi, who reside in India and have never been in contact with Glaswegian English. To investigate the first aspect, an XAB similarity judgement task was carried out to determine if in addition to typological similarity, Indian English is also perceptually more similar to Glaswegian English as compared to Hindi, and therefore more vulnerable to transfer from Glaswegian English. The two control groups participated in this task and the results did not indicate a pattern of consistent similarity between Indian English and Glaswegian English phones, as compared to Hindi phones. To examine phonological backward transfer across languages versus dialects, the three speaker groups participated in a speech production task. Multiple phone categories were examined for various phonetic cues: (1) /l/ for F2-F1 difference, (2) GOOSE vowel for F1, F2, F3, (3) /t/ for Voice Onset Time (VOT), (4) Voiced stops /b d g/ for VOT, Voicing During Closure (VCD) and Relative Burst Intensity (RBI). The results, which were mixed, were interpreted with respect to Flege’s Speech Learning Model (1995b; Flege & Bohn, 2021) and its predictions of assimilation and dissimilation. Out of the three occasions of differences in the amount of transfer exhibited by Hindi and English, English underwent quantitatively more assimilation than Hindi on two occasions (VOT in /t/ and /d/), whereas Hindi underwent quantitatively more dissimilation than English on one occasion (F2-F1 difference in /l/). Finally, to examine the role of sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic factors in affecting backward transfer, data was collected from Glaswasians. A questionnaire task was used to collect data on gender, age of entry and length of residence in Glasgow, language proficiency and dominance, contact and identity, perceived discrimination. Multiple psychometric tasks were used to collect data on language switching ability and inhibitory skills. The results indicated that most of these factors influenced backward transfer and had a general effect across phones and corresponding features. For instance, higher Age of Entry and Length of Residence in Glasgow, Indian Identity, Indian Contact and higher inhibition were generally associated with more native-like or exaggeratedly native like shifts, whereas higher Glaswegian Contact and Glaswegian Identity were related to shifts towards Glaswegian English. There were, however, exceptions to the general effects of these predictors, such as for the phone categories /t/ and /g/. This finding is discussed in relation to the salience of these categories in the respective native and host linguistic varieties. The results of this study are discussed with reference to patterns of transfer and influence of factors found in previous research. Additionally, their implications about the nature of the adult bilingual-bidialectal system, its flexibility and the apparent lack of strong correspondence between perceptual similarity and backward transfer effects, are discussed. These findings also contribute to the knowledge on transfer effects across languages versus dialects and add to what was previously known about Indian English, Hindi and Glaswegian English. A model of backward transfer, the ‘Proximity Modulated Transfer Hypothesis’, is proposed to understand the manner of interaction between Glaswegian English and Hindi and Indian English in this situation of simultaneous bilingual and bidialectal interaction in relation to backward effects discovered across the various phones and corresponding features

Unexpected death after headache due to a colloid cyst of the third ventricle

BACKGROUND: Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare benign intracranial non-neoplastic cysts. Headache is the most common symptom. We present a case of sudden death due to colloid cyst in a 17 year old female who had symptoms of intermittent headaches. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17 year old female presented with intermittent mild headaches for a period of two years. She complained of severe headache in the night and was found unresponsive the next morning. Resuscitation team was called on site but the patient was already dead. At post mortem examination a dilated ventricular system was found with a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. CONCLUSION: This report highlights the difficulty in the diagnosis and importance of recognizing colloid cyst of the third ventricle which should be in the differential diagnosis of headaches in children and young adults and of hydrocephalus at autops

Curbing COVID-19: the quest continues in time

The menace of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has made life more and more challenging throughout the world. Amidst these difficult times, doctors have proved their exceptional worth. They have performed their duties with notable dedication, diligence, resilience, and compassion. Here we share our experiences from the State of Rajasthan in Northern India. We were benefitted by very early lockdown by the Government, preventive strategies of containment, and the most effective contact tracing program. The creation of hundreds of surveillance teams and rapid response teams (RRT) was instrumental for the containment program. This was coupled with outstanding medical care exemplified by Sawai Man Singh Medical College Hospital (SMSMCH) at Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan. The mortality rate-limiting to 1.98% in Rajasthan has been an outcome of the amalgamation of brisk administrative action, government support, and visionary action and the best of health care facilities. Our COVID-19 management program strategy was based on the advanced treatment guidelines from the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. &nbsp; References Gao Y, Li T, Han M, Li X, Wu D, Xu Y, et al. Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):791-796. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25770. Covid-19 data for Rajasthan, India. Available from: https://www.covid19india.org/state/RJ. [Accessed on 17 July 2020]. Clinical Management Protocol: Covid-19. Version 5, 03/07/20. Available from: http://www.rajswasthya.nic.in/PDF/COVID%20-19/FOR%20HOSPITALS/03.07.2020.pdf. [Accessed on 17 July 2020] Brown BL, McCullough J. Treatment for emerging viruses: Convalescent plasma and COVID-19. Transfus Apher Sci. 2020;59(3):102790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2020.102790. Bhatnagar T, Murhekar MV, Soneja M, Gupta N, Giri S, Wig N, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy amongst symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India: Protocol for restricted public health emergency use. Indian J Med Res. 2020;151(2 &amp; 3):184-189. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_502_20

Comparative study between bone patellar tendon bone and quadrupled hamstring autografts in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with aperture fixation

Background: Bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) and hamstring (HT) auto grafts have been used routinely in reconstruction of ACL over past two decades. Controversy still remains as to which graft is superior over other. Many studies have compared these graft options using different implants and different methods of fixation. Continuation of efforts in the same direction; purpose of the study is to compare these two graft options utilizing identical implants and similar method of fixation.Methods: 40 patients of clinically and radiologically diagnosed ACL tear fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups to undergo arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring graft (n=20) and bone patellar tendon bone auto graft (n=20) utilizing bioscrew by aperture fixation method in both the groups. They were compared post operatively for symptomatic improvement, clinical and rolimeter laxity tests and Lysholm functional knee scoring at 02 year.Results: At the end of 02 years laxity measurement by rolimeter showed slightly better results in BPTB group; however it was not statistically significant (p value= 0.362). Knee pain at the end of 02 year was slightly more in HT groups (45%) as compared to BPTB group (35%) but not significant (p value =0.748). Instability symptoms are comparable in both the groups (sense of giving away on exertion). Manual laxity testing by Lachman and Pivot shift tests were comparable in both the groups with p value of 0.695 and 0.999 respectively. Lysholm functional knee score also showed no statistical significance (p value =0.957).Conclusions: There is no significant difference between HT and BPTB auto grafts in terms of clinical and functional outcome at the end of 02 years.