Fragility, Tetragonality, Change the Morphology Martensite, Destabilization of Austenite with Carbon if it More than ~ 0,5 %, as a Result of the Presence of a Perceived Intermediate Phase ~ Fe42C

С использованием аналогий, описаний иллюстраций и цитат из трудов известных металловедов сделана попытка связать тетрагональность, хрупкость, изменение морфологии мартенсита, дестабилизацию аустенита углеродом при % С > (~ 0,5 %) с предполагаемой промежуточной фазой ~ Fe42С (~ 0,5 % C). При % С > 0,5 мартенсит начинает менять морфологию от дислокационной к двойникованной, превращаясь в катастрофически хрупкий, становится тетрагональным без оговорок на самоотпуск во время закалочного охлаждения; феррит теряет способность быть видманштеттовым и упрочняться в результате естественного старения после субкритической закалки; предел текучести ферритоцементитной смеси независимо от формы цементита начинает даже понижаться; интервал мартенситного превращения начинает уменьшаться и т.п.Using analogies, descriptions, illustrations and quotations from the works of famous metallurgical scientists, an attempt was done to link tetragonality, fragility, changes in the morphology of the martensite, destabilization of austenite carbon when % С > (~ 0,5 %) with intermediate phase ~ Fe42С (~ 0,5 % C). If % C > 0,5: martensite begins to change the morphology from dislocation to twin structure and become catastrophically fragile as well as becomes tetragonal without clasuse on smoothback during quench cooling; ferrite loses its ability to be widmanstatten and strengthen as a result of natural aging after subcritical quenching; the yield strength of ferrite-cementine mixture, regardless form of cementite, even begins to fall; the interval of martensite transformation starts to decrease, etc

Комплексирование технологий управления в интеллектуальных системах высокой точности и надежности

Main problems, associated with the design of intelligent systems for information processing and control, which are operating at the conditions of uncertainties are considered. Main sources of uncertainties are analyzed, the classification of uncertainties is proposed and considered. Furthermore, some approaches, based on using of modern integrated technologies for information processing and control, to solve problems of the design of complex control systems, which are operating at the conditions of uncertainties, are also considered and discussed.В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы, связанные с проектированием интеллектуальных систем обработки информации и управления, функционирующих в условиях неопределенностей. Анализируются основные источники неопределенностей, приводится их классификация. Предлагаются и обсуждаются некоторые подходы к проектированию сложных систем управления, функционирующих в условиях неопределенностей, основанные на использовании современных интегрированных технологий обработки информации и управления

Optimization of the Stabilization System for Electromagnetic Suspension in Active Vibration Isolation Devices

The research aims to study the vibration isolation device using the elastic forces of the electromagnetic suspension. The optimum gain values of the signal feedback circuit, which minimize the impact of noise introduced by the elements of the active vibration isolation device, are determined. The possibility of developing the vibration isolation device with the control circuit coefficients found on the boundary of the stability region is considered. The paper provides the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a single-mass electromagnetic suspension

OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE PATIENTS WITH CKD V STAGE AND ANEMIA WHO RECEIVE REPLACEMENT HEMODIALYSIS THARAPY

The article presents research data of oxidative stress role in the pathogenesis of anemia in patients with CKD V stage, who receive hemodialysis replacement therapy. Background. Oxidative stress is a part of the pathogenesis of many complications in patients with CKD stage V on replacement therapy with hemodialysis. Anemia syndrome is the most frequent complication of this patient`s population. Aim. The aim of this study was to study indicators of oxidative stress in patients with            CKD stage V and anemia on replacement therapy with hemodialysis. Materials and methods. We studied laboratory parameters in 42 hemodialysis patients with CKD V stage. Biochemical methods are used for investigation of lipid peroxidation processes: studied diene conjugates (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA), total lipids and catalase, lipid’s structure of erythrocytes membranes and their osmotic resistance. Results. We found that in dialysis patients anemic syndrome was associated with high activity of oxidative stress. Also increased destruction of red blood cells depends from high activity of oxidative stress. In the blood of the patients concentration of DC was 1,12±0,26 opt.den.units/ mg of lipids (p<0,01), and MDA level 0,35±0,05 opt.den.units/ mg of lipids (p<0,01). Levels of catalase, decreased to 0,029±0,0019 mm/l*sec (p<0,001). Also osmotic resistance of erythrocytes significantly decreased. MDA has inverse correlation relationship with hemoglobin in the blood, with a correlation coefficient r=-0,36. Investigation of erythrocyte membrane lipid structure of patients by TLC showed a significant decrease of phospholipids and monoglycerides of higher fatty acids, and the increase of cholesterol fractions. Conclusions. In patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis replacement therapy anemic syndrome is associated with high activity of oxidative stress, as there is an inverse relationship between the level of hemoglobin and the content of MDA in blood. As a consequence of oxidative stress changes the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes of the patient, because some fraction of lipids are substrates for oxidative processes. Impairment of lipid membranes of red blood cells of hemodialysis patients is one of the probably causes of anemia

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КОНУСНО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ДИСФУНКЦИИ НОСОВОГО КЛАПАНА

Nasal valve region plays a key role in the formation of an adequate intranasal aerodynamics, regulating the air flow and nasal resistance. The research of the anatomy in patients before any surgical intervention aimed at alleviating nasal obstruction is mandatory. Cone-beam computed tomography is one of the leading methods in the study of the nasal valve dysfunction. This technique allows you to get high-quality image with minimal exposure to the patient, to choose the optimal surgical approach, to determine the sequence of steps in the process of operation.Область носового клапана играет ключевую роль в формировании адекватной внутриносовой аэродинамики, регулируя поток воздушной струи и носовое сопротивление. Исследование данной анатомической области у пациентов перед любым хирургическим вмешательством, направленным на устранение носовой обструкции, является обязательным. Конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография является одним из ведущих методов в исследовании дисфункции области носового клапана. Данная методика позволяет получить качественное изображение при минимальном облучении пациента, выбрать оптимальный операционный доступ, определить последовательность действий в процессе операции

Application of "Mitomycin" preparation in experiment with the purpose of studying its impact on the cutting process in the wall of the laboratory animal wrinkling channel

The stricture of the urethra remains a complex issue of operative urology at the present stage of development of this specialty. Our work is devoted to one of the methods of anti-relapse therapy - the use of cytotoxic drugs. The experiment shows the effect of the drug "Mitomycin" on the scar process in the mucous urethra of rabbits. It was proved that the cicatricial process in the urethra is less pronounced in the submucosal administration of the drug "Mitomycin".Стриктура уретры остается сложным вопросом оперативной урологии на современном этапе развития данной специальности. Наша работа посвящена одному из методов противорецидивной терапии – применению цитостатических препаратов. В эксперименте показано действие препарата «Митомицин» на рубцовый процесс в слизистой уретры кроликов. Было доказано, что рубцовый процесс в уретре имеет менее выраженный характер при подслизистом введении препарата «Митомицин»

Document No. 93: Memorandum from Georgy Shakhnazarov to Mikhail Gorbachev regarding Military Detente in Europe, October 14, 1989

This policy memorandum marks a kind of apogee for “new thinking” which combines a vision of a post-Cold War Europe with a concrete proposal for the unilateral withdrawal of Soviet troops from Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. The author, Georgy Shakhnazarov, is enough of a realist to argue that the Soviet Union needs to take the initiative before either its domestic political opponents—or, more likely, the new governments in Eastern Europe—demand such withdrawals, leaving Moscow on the defe..

Playing Soviet soldiers. Virtual communicative memory in Kyrgyzstan

The thesis explores the fields of memory studies and video game studies. As a result, it proposes the concept of virtual communicative memory to encapsulate the special form of memory that can be produced by player interaction with video games. As an instance of modern media, video games bring the added dimensions of player agency, engagement of personal values and ethical sensibilities of the players, and shared experience of simulated historical environments. These factors justify the investigation of the memory-making potential of video games. To explore the feasibility of the proposed theoretical development, the thesis presents an analysis of the game Company of Heroes 2 (Relic Entertainment, 2013). In this analysis, the dominant historical themes of the game are fleshed out and the memory making potential of the game is evaluated with a view to virtual communicative memory. The thesis also contains the results of empirical research carried out during the summer of 2016 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The research was designed to explore player engagement with the game and the process by which players negotiate the meaning potentials and historical themes contained in the game. This research provides some support for the concept of virtual communicative memory and points to numerous further research avenues, such as the use of video games in education