A high gain pifa at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz using wireless power transfer techniques for pacemaker application

The design of a high gain Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) with two different frequencies for medical pacemaker is presented. Two PIFA designs have been optimized to be operated at ISM band of 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz respectively, under tolerable reflection coefficient of less than -10dB. Both of the proposed antennas are developed from copper plate with a simple structure of rectangular patch. All design and simulation has been carried out using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio Suite. The simulated and measured results of the fabricated antenna on reflection coefficient, bandwidth radiation pattern, and gain are presented to validate the usefulness of the presented design. The 2D Anechoic Chamber and Agilent Technologies Network Analyzer have been used for the measurement. Both 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz antennas have successfully manage to achieve high gain of 6dB and 8.2dB respectively with a directional beam pattern. The presented ISM PIFAs could be potential for point-to-point communication using wireless power transfer technique for medical pacemaker application

Radiation pattern reconfigurable fm antenna

In this work, a radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna design using compact printed spiral monopoles that operates at 102 MHz is reported. The proposed antenna changes its radiation behaviour that responds towards a desired direction with the use of RF switches. The antenna is printed on a 76.6mm × 50mm PCB layer providing more than 20MHz bandwidth at -10 dB threshold and is easily fabricated with low manufacturing cost. The antenna was also simulated on 500mm × 500mm ground plane that represents the roof top of a vehicl

Reconfigurable frequency with circular polarization for on-body wearable textile antenna

This paper describes the development of reconfigurable frequency microstrip patch textile antenna. This antenna is composed with a truncated edges rectangular patch incorporated with the slot structure at the ground. Three BAR PIN diodes switches are placed on the slotted ground plane. By controlling the state of the switches, such antenna is able to operate at different operating frequencies. Besides, the antenna has successfully achieve an axial ratio (AR) of less than 3 dB for GPS operating frequency with configurations T2 until T7. The proposed antenna is potential for front end wireless communication system for GPS and WIFI applications

Analysis of circular polarization textile antenna in bending condition

A circular polarization (CP) textile antenna is designed for Global Positioning System (GPS) application. The truncated rectangular patch antenna is has a full ground plane from Shieldit Super and felt fabric as a substrate. The proposed antenna operates at 1.575 GHz with a good bandwidth from 1.540 to 1.625 GHz. The optimized chamfer has been made at two edges of a rectangular patch in order to produce a Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) with a good axial ratio (AR) badwidth of 1.569 to 1.589 GHz. This manuscript also presents the analytical performances of CP textile antenna under bending condition that suitable for the on-body antenna applications

Investigate Bending Effect of Wearable GPS Patch Antenna with Denim and Polyester Fabric Substrate

In high technologies today, wearable devices have become popular. Wearable technology is a body sensing system that supports application of health observance and tracking through a wearable Global Positioning System (GPS). The design of the patch antennas is highly significant for the brilliance of the wearable patch antennas. This paper focuses on analyzing the bending effect on return loss and frequency between three types of GPS patch antenna. Types of GPS patch antennas that have been designed in this project are with different substrates and different designs. The wearable patch antenna has been designed and analyse using CST software. As a result, able to analysis the reflection coefficient (S11), radiation patterns, and analytical approach for patch antenna bending effect were obtained

1.575 GHz Circular Polarization wearable antenna with three different substrate materials

This paper presents an analysis of a Left-Handed Circular Polarization (LHCP) wearable antenna with different textile material (substrates) for Global Positioning System (GPS) application. The proposed antennas have achieved circular polarization (CP) by truncating two opposite edged of the square patch for all designed antennas with three different substrates. The analysis is focusing on using felt, jeans and cotton as substrates while maintaining shieldit supper as a conductor. The performance comparison have been made on the simulated reflection coefficient (S11), axial ratio (AR), bandwidth and gain. The results show that jeans fabric attained a better reflection coefficient of-41.36 dB at 1.575 GHz as compared to the other materials. Besides, the jeans has achieved good AR bandwidth of 17 MHz, followed by felt with AR bandwidth of 16 MH and cotton with AR bandwidth of 13 MHz

Analysis reconfigurable frequency textile antenna in bending condition

In this paper, the analysis of reconfigurable frequency textile antenna in bending conditions is presented. The antenna consists of a truncated rectangular patch and slotted ground plane made by ShieldIt Super. Felt fabric is used as an antenna substrate. The proposed antenna is capable to reconfigure at seven different states frequencies by using three PIN diodes. The Circular Polarization (CP) is achieved at the GPS operating frequency. Meanwhile, the proposed antenna operates as a Linear Polarization (LP) at high operating frequencies. The performances of antenna in bending conditions is analyze since the textile antenna usually attached on the body will easily bend due to the human body structures. Details of the simulation results for antenna in bending condition are discussed

Electromagnetic Properties Performance of MWCNTs/Polyester Composites in X-band

In this paper presents nano-composites based on polyester (PE) matrix with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as fillers have been developed for microwave absorbing materials. The MWCNTs/PE composite samples were fabricated with different weight ratio of MWCNTs (3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%). The electromagnetic properties of different MWCNTs/PE composite have been determined by using rectangular waveguide technique and Agilent material measurement software. Moreover, the reflection loss (microwave absorption) of MWCNTs/PE composite have been calculated based on the basis of transmission line theory. The performance of electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of MWCNTs/PE composite were analyzed in X-band frequency. The dielectric loss properties of the composite are increse with increasing in MWCNTs weight ratio. The microwave absorption results show that such 3 wt% MWCNTs/PE composites sample with 4 mm thickness has achieved less than -10 dB values (< 90 % microwave absorption) of reflection loss

Electromagnetic Properties Performance of MWCNTs/Polyester Composites in X-band

In this paper presents nano-composites based on polyester (PE) matrix with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as fillers have been developed for microwave absorbing materials. The MWCNTs/PE composite samples were fabricated with different weight ratio of MWCNTs (3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%). The electromagnetic properties of different MWCNTs/PE composite have been determined by using rectangular waveguide technique and Agilent material measurement software. Moreover, the reflection loss (microwave absorption) of MWCNTs/PE composite have been calculated based on the basis of transmission line theory. The performance of electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of MWCNTs/PE composite were analyzed in X-band frequency. The dielectric loss properties of the composite are increse with increasing in MWCNTs weight ratio. The microwave absorption results show that such 3 wt% MWCNTs/PE composites sample with 4 mm thickness has achieved less than -10 dB values (< 90 % microwave absorption) of reflection loss

Higher order OAM mode generation using wearable antenna for 5G NR bands

Abstract This paper presents a flexible and wearable textile array antenna designed to generate Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) waves with Mode +2 at 3.5 GHz (3.4 to 3.6 GHz) of the sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) band. The proposed antenna is based on a uniform circular array of eight microstrip patch antennas on a felt textile substrate. In contrast to previous works involving the use of rigid substrates to generate OAM waves, this work explored the use of flexible substrates to generate OAM waves for the first time. Other than that, the proposed antenna was simulated, analyzed, fabricated, and tested to confirm the generation of OAM Mode +2. With the same design, OAM Mode −2 can be generated readily simply by mirror imaging the feed network. Note that the proposed antenna operated at the desired frequency of 3.5 GHz with an overall bandwidth of 400 MHz in free space. Moreover, mode purity analysis is carried out to verify the generation of OAM Mode +2, and the purity obtained was 41.78% at free space flat condition. Furthermore, the effect of antenna bending on the purity of the generated OAM mode is also investigated. Lastly, the influence of textile properties on OAM modes is examined to assist future researchers in choosing suitable fabrics to design flexible OAM-based antennas. After a comprehensive analysis considering different factors related to wearable applications, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of generating OAM waves using textile antennas. Furthermore, as per the obtained Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), it is found that the proposed antenna is safe to be deployed. The findings of this work have a significant implication for body-centric communications