Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on Reducing Symptoms of Depression in Women

زمینه و هدف: درمان کوتاه مدت راه حل محور یکی از انواع درمان‌های متداول در کاهش مشکلات روانشناختی از جمله افسردگی در بین درمانگران و مشاوران خانواده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر بخشی درمان کوتاه مدت راه حل محور بر کاهش نشانگان افسردگی زنان طراحی شد. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه تجربی و از روش پیش آزمون- پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بهره گرفته شده است. جامعه این پژوهش شامل کلیه زنانی بودند که با مشکل افسردگی به مرکز همیاران سلامت روان شهر بجنورد تحت نظارت سازمان بهزیستی خراسان شمالی در سال 1392 مراجعه نموده اند و بر اساس مصاحبه بالینی و تشخیصی، افسردگی در مورد آنها تشخیص داده شده بود. با استفاده از نمونه گیری در دسترس، 20 نفر از زنان بعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و با گمارش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه افسردگی بک (Beck) بود که توسط آزمودنی‌ها در مراحل پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری تکمیل گردید. درمان کوتاه مدت راه حل محور در 6 جلسه 5/1 ساعته برای آزمودنی‌های گروه آزمایش برگزار شد اما برای گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای ارایه نگردید. داده‌ها با بهره‌گیری از نرم افزار SPSS و به روش تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفتند. یافته‌ها: نتایج کاهش معنادار نمرات افسردگی زنان گروه آزمایش را در مراحل پس آزمون و پیگیری نسبت به گروه کنترل نشان داد. یافته ها حاکی از آن بود که درمان کوتاه مدت راه حل محور باعث کاهش علایم افسردگی زنان گروه مداخله شده و نتایج در دوره پیگیری نیز از ثبات لازم برخوردار بوده است (001/0 >P). نتیجه گیری: درمان کوتاه مدت راه حل محور بر کاهش افسردگی موثر است. مشاوران و روان درمانگران می‌توانند از این رویکرد درمانی موثر و کارآمد جهت حل مشکلات روانشناختی مراجعان بهره ببرند

Thin low-gain avalanche detectors for particle therapy applications

none18The University of Torino (UniTO) and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN-TO) are investigating the use of Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors (UFSD) for beam monitoring in radiobiological experiments with therapeutic proton beams. The single particle identification approach of solid state detectors aims at increasing the sensitivity and reducing the response time of the conventional monitoring devices, based on gas detectors. Two prototype systems are being developed to count the number of beam particles and to measure the beam energy with time-of-flight (ToF) techniques. The clinically driven precision (< 1%) in the number of particles delivered and the uncertainty < 1 mm in the depth of penetration (range) in radiobiological experiments (up to 108 protons/s fluxes) are the goals to be pursued. The future translation into clinics would allow the implementation of faster and more accurate treatment modalities, nowadays prevented by the limits of state-of-the-art beam monitors. The experimental results performed with clinical proton beams at CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, Pavia) and CPT (Centro di Protonterapia, Trento) showed a counting inefficiency <2% up to 100 MHz/cm2, and a deviation of few hundreds of keV of measured beam energies with respect to nominal ones. The progresses of the project are reported.noneVignati, A.; Donetti, M.; Fausti, F.; Ferrero, M.; Giordanengo, S.; Hammad Ali, O.; Mart Villarreal, O.A.; Mas Milian, F.; Mazza, G.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Shakarami, Z.; Sola, V.; Staiano, A.; Tommasino, F.; Verroi, E.; Wheadon, R.; Cirio, R.Vignati, A.; Donetti, M.; Fausti, F.; Ferrero, M.; Giordanengo, S.; Hammad Ali, O.; Mart Villarreal, O. A.; Mas Milian, F.; Mazza, G.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Shakarami, Z.; Sola, V.; Staiano, A.; Tommasino, F.; Verroi, E.; Wheadon, R.; Cirio, R

A new detector for the beam energy measurement in proton therapy: a feasibility study

Fast procedures for the beam quality assessment and for the monitoring of beam energy modulations during the irradiation are among the most urgent improvements in particle therapy. Indeed, the online measurement of the particle beam energy could allow assessing the range of penetration during treatments, encouraging the development of new dose delivery techniques for moving targets. Towards this end, the proof of concept of a new device, able to measure in a few seconds the energy of clinical proton beams (from 60 to 230 MeV) from the Time of Flight (ToF) of protons, is presented. The prototype consists of two Ultra Fast Silicon Detector (UFSD) pads, featuring an active thickness of 80 um and a sensitive area of 3 x 3 mm2, aligned along the beam direction in a telescope configuration, connected to a broadband amplifier and readout by a digitizer. Measurements were performed at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Pavia, Italy), at five different clinical beam energies and four distances between the sensors (from 7 to 97 cm) for each energy. In order to derive the beam energy from the measured average ToF, several systematic effects were considered, Monte Carlo simulations were developed to validate the method and a global fit approach was adopted to calibrate the system. The results were benchmarked against the energy values obtained from the water equivalent depths provided by CNAO. Deviations of few hundreds of keV have been achieved for all considered proton beam energies for both 67 and 97 cm distances between the sensors and few seconds of irradiation were necessary to collect the required statistics. These preliminary results indicate that a telescope of UFSDs could achieve in a few seconds the accuracy required for the clinical application and therefore encourage further investigations towards the improvement and the optimization of the present prototype

Determinants of delay in diagnosis and end stage at presentation among breast cancer patients in Iran: a multi-center study

One of the reasons for high mortality of breast cancer (BC) is long delay in seeking medical care and end stage at presentation. This study was designed to measure the association between a wide range of socio-demographic and clinical factors with diagnostic delay in BC and stage at presentation among Iranian patients. From June 2017 to December 2019, 725 patients with newly diagnosed BC in Shiraz and Kermanshah were selected and information on BC diagnosis delay was obtained from the patient's medical record. Data on socio-economic status was obtained via a structured interview. Our findings suggest that 45.8 of the patients were diagnosed at a late stage (stage 3 or higher). A total of 244 (34) patients had more than 3 months delay in diagnosis. We found a significant association between stage at diagnosis and place of residence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR rural vs. urban = 1.69, 95 CI 1.49-1.97), marital status (aOR 1.61, 95 CI 1.42-1.88), family history of BC (aOR 1.46, 95 CI 1.01-2.13), and history of benign breast disease (BBD) (aOR 1.94, 95 CI 1.39-2.72) or unaware of breast self-examination (BSE) (aOR 1.42, 95 CI 1.42-1.85), delay time (aOR 3.25, 95 CI 1.04-5.21), and left breast tumor (aOR right vs. left 2.64, 95 CI 1.88-3.71) and smoking (aOR no vs. yes 1.59, 95 CI 1.36-1.97). Also, delay in diagnosis was associated with age, family income, health insurance, place of residence, marital status, menopausal status, history of BBD, awareness of breast self-examination, type of first symptoms, tumor histology type, BMI and comorbidity (p < 0.05 for all). Factors including history of BBD, awareness of BSE, and suffering from chronic diseases were factors associated with both delay in diagnosis and end stage of disease. These mainly modifiable factors are associated with the progression of the disease

The Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on Reducing Couple Burnout and Improvement of the Quality of Life of Married Women

Background & Aim: Solution-focused brief therapy is one of the postmodern therapeutic approaches in the area of family and marriage, which puts emphasis on finding solutions by the client in cooperation with the therapist. The current research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on reducing couple burnout and improvement of the quality of life of married women. Methods: The current research is an interventional and quasi-experimental study which uses pretest-posttest with control group. The population of this research included all the women who attended the center of mental health helpers in bojnoord city during the summer of 1393 (2014), which were seeking to attend the treatment plan in order to resolve their marital problems. Based on available sampling and after the initial screening, 30 women who were qualified to participate in the research and who gained one standard deviation below the mean in the questionnaire were selected and they were placed in two groups of experiment and control through random assignment. The research tools were Pains couple burnout measurement 1996 (CBM) and the world health organization quality of life questionnaire 1996 (WHOQOL), that were completed by the participants in pretest and posttest stages. The treatment sessions of solution-focused brief therapy were performed in 7 two-hour sessions in groups and step-by-step for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group did not receive any intervention and they were put on the waiting list. The data were analyzed through MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) in the statistical software of SPSS, version 18. Results: The results indicated that after performing the solution-focused intervention, marital burnout among the women in the experiment group has reduced and their quality of life has been improved.no significance change was seen in the control group. Conclusion: The solution-focused brief therapy is effective in reducing marital problems. This brief therapeutic method can be used in counseling centers and family education classes in order to improve marital problems of the clients

The association between parents’ lifestyles and common psychiatry disorders in children and adolescents: A population-based study

Background: Family habits and the lifestyle of parents play an important role in the mental and social health of children. Objectives: Given the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iran and the lack of information on the factors associated with these disorders, it is necessary to study the relationship between the lifestyle of parents with common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken from 2016 to 2017. A total of 1,022 children and adolescents aged 6 - 18 in Ilam, Iran, were enrolled in the study. The participants were selected throughmulti-stage cluster sampling from urban and rural areas of the city. Data on children were collected by using a semi-structured interview with the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) Questionnaire, and the Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ). Using IBM-SPSS software V. 24, the chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, and multivariable logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant association between the mental health of parents with separation anxiety disorder (SAD) (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 0.86, P value P = 0.01). In addition, significant association was found between physical health (aOR = 1.17, P = 0.04), disease prevention (aOR = 1.22, P = 0.04), spiritual health (aOR = 0.83, P = 0.04), and avoidance of drugs, alcohol, and opiates (aOR = 0.87, P = 0.004) with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with sports and fitness (aOR = 0.82, P = 0.01), social health (aOR = 1.33, P = 0.007), and social phobia with spiritual health (aOR = 0.76, P = 0.04) showed a statistically significant association. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that the lifestyle of parents is an important determinant in the mental health of children. © 2018, Author(s)