Compensation still matters: language learning strategies in the third millennium ESL learners

Digital media play enormous roles in much of the learning, communication, socializing and ways of working of "Net-Generation" learners who are growing up in a wired world. Living in this digital era may require different ways of communicating, thinking, approaching learning, prioritizing strategies, interpersonally communicating, and possibly developing compensatory techniques for information gaps among other categories of Language Learning Strategies. The Net-Geners therefore, need new skills and new strategies to perform successfully as learners and workers. This study uses a mixed-methods approach that includes concurrent quantitative and qualitative data (i) to identify the Net-Generation learner’s strategy preferences based on the “Strategies Inventory for Language Learning” (SILL) categories currently considered the most comprehensive strategy inventory and (ii) to identify possible emergent compensation strategies among Net-Geners as a comprehensive study of the strategies used by the Net-Geners is clearly beyond the scope of this article. The results indicate that compensation strategies have undergone a number of modifications and are used differently by the Net-Geners in order to compensate their knowledge gap and help enhance their ESL learning

Fly fauna of livestock’ s of Marvdasht County of Fars Province in the South of Iran

Flies damage the livestock industry in many ways, including damages, physical disturbances, the transmissions of pathogens and the emergence of problems for livestock like Myiasis. In this research, the fauna of flies of Marvdasht County was investigating, which is one of the central counties of Fars province in southern Iran. In this study, a total of 20 species of flies from 6 families and 15 genera have been identified and reported. The species collected are as follows: Muscidae: Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, Musca autumnalis* De Geer, 1776, Stomoxys calci-trans** Linnaeus, 1758, Haematobia irritans** Linnaeus, 1758 Fanniidae: Fannia canicularis* Linnaeus, 1761 Calliphoridae: Calliphora vomitoria* Linnaeus, 1758, Chrysomya albiceps* Wiedemann, 1819, Lu-cilia caesar* Linnaeus, 1758, Lucilia sericata* Meigen, 1826, Lucilia cuprina* Wiedemann, 1830 Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaga africa* Wiedemann, 1824, Sarcophaga aegyptica* Salem, 1935, Wohl-fahrtia magnifica** Schiner, 1862 Syrphidae: Eristalis tenax* Linnaeus, 1758, Syritta pipiens* Linnaeus, 1758, Eupeodes nuba* Wiedemann, 1830, Syrphus vitripennis** Meigen, 1822, Scaeva albomaculata* Macquart, 1842 Species identified with * for the first time in the county and the species marked with ** are reported for the first time from the Fars province

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS AND SURVIVAL OF CENOPALPUS IRANI DOSSE (TENUIPALPIDAE)

Cenopalpus irani (Tenuipalpidae) is one of the main pests of apple trees in the Western regions of Iran. We studied the effect of six constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 32 and 33.5°C on the reproductive parameters, life expectancy and the mortality rate of C. irani immature stages at 50 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16:8 (light : dark) h fed on apple leaves. The highest and lowest gross fecundity rate were observed at 30 oC (34.60 eggs/female) and 15oC (18.50 eggs/female), respectively. The maximum gross fertility rate was 32.87 (eggs/female) at 30oC, whereas the minimum value was 9.94 eggs/female which obtained at 15oC. As increasing temperature from 15°C to 30°C, the gross hatching rate increased and then decreased at 33.5°C. The highest and lowest life expectancy (ex) were obtained at 83 and 27th days, at 15°C and 33.5°C, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest values of mortality percentage for immature stages of C. irani were recorded at 15oC and 30oC, respectively. As increasing temperature the reproductive value (Vx) increased from 15°C (5.95 females/female) to 30°C (9.27 females/female), then decreased at 33.5°C (5.61 females/female). The finding of this research can be used for establishing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against C. irani in apple orchards

Direct interaction between micronutrients and bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.), to affect fitness of Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is a polyphagous and holocyclic aphid which significantly damages agricultural crops. In the current study, the effects of micro- nutrients on some secondary metabolites of bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) leaves and their subsequent influence on the life table parameters of M. persicae were investigated under greenhouse conditions. The flavonoid content in bell pepper leaves significantly changed following micronutrient treatments in the wavelength of 270 nm while there were no significant differences in the wavelengths 300 and 330 nm. The highest anthocyanin content was recorded after Fe treatment (3.811 mg ⋅ ml–1) while the total phenolic content in the bell pepper leaves increased after Mn (541.2 mg ⋅ ml –1 ) treatment compared to Fe (254.5 mg ⋅ ml –1 ) and control (216.33 mg ⋅ ml –1 ), respectively. The highest values of intrinsic (r) and finite rates of population increase (λ) of M. persicae were gained with Zn (0.320 and 1.377 day–1 , respectively) treatment although the highest and the lowest values of the mean generation time (T) were found with Fe and Zn (14.07 and 12.63 days, respectively) treat- ments, respectively. Our findings suggest that Mn, more than Zn micronutrients, decreased ecological fitness of green peach aphid and may help enhance the efficiency of pest control techniques