389 research outputs found
Factors associated with anxiety and depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Background: COPD is a progressive condition with significant co morbidities and extra pulmonary manifestations. It is well known that anxiety and depression are the major psychiatric comorbidities associated with COPD. However, little is known about the factors associated with these conditions. ┬аMethods: A cross sectional observational study was performed, including 320 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. They were interviewed as part of the study. Anxiety and depression were screened using hospital anxiety depression rating scale (HADS). All patients were subjected for clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and routine blood examination.Results: We found that 59.4% of COPD patients had either anxiety or depression as co morbidity and 32.2% had both the psychiatric symptoms. 166 patients (51.9%) had anxiety and 127 patients (39.7%) had depression. The factors associated with anxiety and depression in COPD patients were hospitalization (in-patients), duration of disease, number of hospitalizations in the previous year, hypertension, MMRC grade, BMI, oxygen saturation, six minute walk distance, FEV1, FVC and BODE score.┬а Linear regression analysis showed that the number of hospital admissions in the previous year was the most significant factor associated with both anxiety (p=0.008) and depression (p=0.020).Conclusions: The number of hospital admissions in the previous year was the most significant factor associated with anxiety and depression in COPD.
Southern African Crustal Evolution and Composition: Constraints from Receiver Function Studies
Stacking of approximately 1500 radial receiver functions recorded at about 80 broadband seismic stations deployed in southern Africa reveals systematic spatial variations in the ratio of crustal P and S wave velocities (╬ж), crustal thickness (H), and the amplitude of the converted Moho phases (R). The eastern Zimbabwe and the southern Kaapvaal cratons are characterized by small H (~38 km), small ╬ж (~1.73), and large R (~0.15) values, suggesting that the relatively undisturbed Archean crust beneath southern Africa is separated from the mantle by a sharp Moho and is felsic in composition. The Limpopo belt, which was created by a collisional event at 2.7 Ga, displays large H (~43 km) but similar ╬ж and R values relative to the cratonic areas. The Bushveld Mafic Intrusion Complex and its surrounding areas show large ╬ж (~1.78), large H (~43 km), and small R (~0.11) values, reflecting the intrusion of mafic material into the original crust as a result of the Bushveld event at 2.05 Ga. Excluding the Bushveld, the spatially consistent and age-independent low ╬ж accentuate the difference between felsic crustal composition and more mafic island arcs that are thought to be the likely source of continental material. Within such an island arc model, our data, combined with xenolith data excluding mantle delamination in cratonic environments, suggest that the modification to a felsic composition (e.g., by the partial melting of basalt and removal of residue by delamination) is restricted to have occurred during the collision between the arcs and the continent
An approach of clinical pharmacist pertaining to solve drug related problems in pediatric patients
Background: The objectives of the study were to assess the outcomes of clinical pharmacist intervention in solving drug related problems in pediatric patients and to identify the drug related problems in accordance with the causes observed.Methods: It was a prospective observational study done over a period of six months (October 2019 to March 2020) at Apollo childrenтАЩs hospital in Chennai.Results: Total of 480 subjects were enrolled into the study, out of which 248 were male children and 232 were female children. The patients were divided into 4 age groups. In this study 60.41% pediatric patients were prescribed with less than 5 drugs 290 (60.41%). Drug related problems which were identified during the study was classified according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) and drug-related problem (DRP) classification (v9.00). The most frequent DRP was drug choice problem 37 (33.33%). The total number of caused drug related problems was 73 and same number of interventions was given by clinical pharmacist. The most frequent cause of drug related problems was identified as dose selection 31 (42.46%). Outcomes of interventions revealed that 70 (95.89%) problems were solved overall.Conclusions: In this study, clinical pharmacistтАЩs level of involvement has shown interesting results. Moreover, they play an essential role in improving patient safety and outcome, reducing cost and providing quality of care for ill patients
Qubit metrology and decoherence
Quantum properties of the probes used to estimate a classical parameter can
be used to attain accuracies that beat the standard quantum limit. When qubits
are used to construct a quantum probe, it is known that initializing qubits
in an entangled "cat state," rather than in a separable state, can improve the
measurement uncertainty by a factor of . We investigate how the
measurement uncertainty is affected when the individual qubits in a probe are
subjected to decoherence. In the face of such decoherence, we regard the rate
at which qubits can be generated and the total duration of a
measurement as fixed resources, and we determine the optimal use of
entanglement among the qubits and the resulting optimal measurement uncertainty
as functions of and .Comment: 24 Pages, 3 Figure
Constrained bounds on measures of entanglement
Entanglement measures constructed from two positive, but not completely
positive maps on density operators are used as constraints in placing bounds on
the entanglement of formation, the tangle, and the concurrence of 4 x N mixed
states. The maps are the partial transpose map and the -map introduced by
Breuer [H.-P. Breuer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 080501 (2006)]. The norm-based
entanglement measures constructed from these two maps, called negativity and
-negativity, respectively, lead to two sets of bounds on the entanglement
of formation, the tangle, and the concurrence. We compare these bounds and
identify the sets of 4 x N density operators for which the bounds from one
constraint are better than the bounds from the other. In the process, we
present a new derivation of the already known bound on the concurrence based on
the negativity. We compute new bounds on the three measures of entanglement
using both the constraints simultaneously. We demonstrate how such doubly
constrained bounds can be constructed. We discuss extensions of our results to
bipartite states of higher dimensions and with more than two constraints.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures. v2 simplified and generalized derivation of
main results; errors correcte
Maps for Lorentz transformations of spin
Lorentz transformations of spin density matrices for a particle with positive
mass and spin 1/2 are described by maps of the kind used in open quantum
dynamics. They show how the Lorentz transformations of the spin depend on the
momentum. Since the spin and momentum generally are entangled, the maps
generally are not completely positive and act in limited domains. States with
two momentum values are considered, so the maps are for the spin qubit
entangled with the qubit made from the two momentum values, and results from
the open quantum dynamics of two coupled qubits can be applied. Inverse maps
are used to show that every Lorentz transformation completely removes the spin
polarization, and so completely removes the information, from a number of spin
density matrices. The size of the spin polarization that is removed is
calculated for particular cases.Comment: 7 Pages, 3 Figure
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