Arithmetic progression in a finite field with prescribed norms

Given a prime power $q$ and a positive integer $n$, let $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}$ represents a finite extension of degree $n$ of the finite field ${\mathbb{F}_{q}}$. In this article, we investigate the existence of $m$ elements in arithmetic progression, where every element is primitive and at least one is normal with prescribed norms. Moreover, for $n\geq6,q=3^k,m=2$ we establish that there are only $10$ possible exceptions

Segmentation Techniques through Machine Based Learning for Latent Fingerprint Indexing and Identification

201-208Latent fingerprints have become most important evidence in law enforcement department and forensic agencies worldwide. It is also very important evidence in forensic applications to identify criminals as it is mostly encountered in crime scenes. Segmentation is one of the solutions to extract quality features. Fingerprint indexing reduces the search space without compromising accuracy. In this paper, minutiae based rotational and translational features and a global matching approach in combination with local matching is used in order to boost the indexing efficiency. Also, a machine learning (ML) based segmentation model is designed as a binary classification model to classify local blocks into foreground and background. Average indexed time as well as accuracy for full as well as partial fingerprints is tabulated by varying the template sminutiae

DEVELOPMENT OF AMORPHOUS BINARY AND TERNARY SOLID DISPERSIONS OF NATEGLINIDE FOR IMPROVED SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION

Objective: Nateglinide is a commonly used oral hypoglycemic, biopharmaceutical classification system Class II drug, which shows relatively poor water solubility and variable bioavailability. The objective of the present investigation was to develop the binary and ternary solid dispersions of nateglinide for improved solubility and dissolution. Methods: Nateglinide solid dispersions were prepared by a common solvent evaporation method. Polymers like soluplus, kolliphor P188, sylloid 244FP, gelucire 48/16, affinisol (HPMCAS), HPβCD, βCD were used in different combinations. The physicochemical characterization of the optimized ternary dispersion was studied by using FT-IR, DSC, and PXRD. Solubility and dissolution behavior of all dispersions were studied. Result: From all prepared ternary solid dispersions, nateglinide dissolution was significantly faster than pure nateglinide. With ternary solid dispersion of NTG, soluplus and kolliphor P188 there was a big improvement in solubility and dissolution. This combination enhanced the solubility of NTG by 23 folds. Another ternary dispersion of NTG with soluplus and gelucire 48/16 enhanced solubility by 25 fold. Conclusion: Ternary solid dispersion found superior over binary dispersions. For the ternary dispersions, showing the best solubility, tablets were prepared. Dissolution and drug release from the formulated tablet was as good as a marketed product

Software Test Case Generation Tools and Techniques: A Review

Software Industry is evolving at a very fast pace since last two decades. Many software developments, testing and test case generation approaches have evolved in last two decades to deliver quality products and services. Testing plays a vital role to ensure the quality and reliability of software products. In this paper authors attempted to conduct a systematic study of testing tools and techniques. Six most popular e-resources called IEEE, Springer, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Elsevier, Wiley and Google Scholar to download 738 manuscripts out of which 125 were selected to conduct the study. Out of 125 manuscripts selected, a good number approx. 79% are from reputed journals and around 21% are from good conference of repute. Testing tools discussed in this paper have broadly been divided into five different categories: open source, academic and research, commercial, academic and open source, and commercial & open source. The paper also discusses several benchmarked datasets viz. Evosuite 10, SF100 Corpus, Defects4J repository, Neo4j, JSON, Mocha JS, and Node JS to name a few. Aim of this paper is to make the researchers aware of the various test case generation tools and techniques introduced in the last 11 years with their salient features

Segmentation Techniques through Machine Based Learning for Latent Fingerprint Indexing and Identification

Latent fingerprints have become most important evidence in law enforcement department and forensic agencies worldwide. It is also very important evidence in forensic applications to identify criminals as it is mostly encountered in crime scenes. Segmentation is one of the solutions to extract quality features. Fingerprint indexing reduces the search space without compromising accuracy. In this paper, minutiae based rotational and translational features and a global matching approach in combination with local matching is used in order to boost the indexing efficiency. Also, a machine learning (ML) based segmentation model is designed as a binary classification model to classify local blocks into foreground and background. Average indexed time as well as accuracy for full as well as partial fingerprints is tabulated by varying the template sminutiae

Latent Fingerprint Indexing for Faster Retrieval from Dataset with Image Enhancement Technique

730-753Since decades fingerprints have been the prime source in identification of suspects latent fingerprints are compared and examined with rolled and plain fingerprints which are stored in the dataset. The common challenges which are faced while examining latent fingerprints are background noise, nonlinear distortions, poor ridge clarity and partial impression of the finger. As conventional methods of Segmentation doesn’t perform well on latent fingerprints. The current advancement in machine learning based segmentation approach has been showing good results in terms of segmentation accuracy but lacks to provide accurate result in terms of matching accuracy. As one of the problem faced in matching latent fingerprint is low clarity of ridge-valley pattern which results in detection of false minutiae and poor matching accuracy. A multilayer processing of artificial neural network based segmentation is proposed to minimize the detection of false minutiae and increase the matching accuracy. This approach is designed on binary classification model where the simulation will be carried out on IIIT-D latent fingerprint dataset. Segmentation will be divided into full and partial impression fingerprints which are then compared with minutiae with the database using local and global matching algorithm. An improvised result is received which is more accurate as compared to the previous algorithms

Formulation and evaluation of in situ herbal gel containing aqueous and methanolic extract of fruits of Quercus infectoria Oliv. for vaginal application

Conventional vaginal dosage forms frequently produce leakages and drip. There is a need for the development of innovative vaginal formulation technology that fulfills certain criteria such as desirable product dispersion throughout the vagina, retention for intended intervals, and adequate release of drug. These features can be achieved by the use of bioadhesive based novel delivery systems. In-situ gelation is a process of gel formation at the site of application after the composition or formulation has been applied the site. Formulation and evaluation of one such bioadhesive based novel drug delivery system for an effective and patient friendly use of an antifungal drug to formulated In-situ gel. Quercus infectoria is medicinally important plant grown wildly in India and is useful in the treatment of fungal and microbial infection by tribal’s of India. The plant is used by tribal women to treat vaginal infection as mentioned in folk-lore. Therefore, the present plant as selected to formulate in-situ herbal gel using Quercus infectoria as active ingredients for the treatment of vaginal infection. Keywords: Herbal Gels, Quercus infectoria, bioadhesive, vaginal drug deliver

Sphincter saving anorectoplasty (SSARP) for the reconstruction of Anorectal malformations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This report describes a new technique of sphincter saving anorectoplasty (SSARP) for the repair of anorectal malformations (ARM).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty six males with high ARM were treated with SSARP. Preoperative localization of the center of the muscle complex is facilitated using real time sonography and computed tomography. A soft guide wire is inserted under image control which serves as the route for final pull through of bowel. The operative technique consists of a subcoccygeal approach to dissect the blind rectal pouch. The separation of the rectum from the fistulous communication followed by pull through of the bowel is performed through the same incision. The skin or the levators in the midline posteriorly are not divided. Postoperative anorectal function as assessed by clinical Wingspread scoring was judged as excellent, good, fair and poor. Older patients were examined for sensations of touch, pain, heat and cold in the circumanal skin and the perineum. Electromyography (EMG) was done to assess preoperative and postoperative integrity of external anal sphincter (EAS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The patients were separated in 2 groups. The first group, Group I (n = 10), were newborns in whom SSARP was performed as a primary procedure. The second group, Group II (n = 16), were children who underwent an initial colostomy followed by delayed SSARP. There were no operative complications. The follow up ranged from 4 months to 18 months. Group I patients have symmetric anal contraction to stimulation and strong squeeze on digital rectal examination with an average number of bowel movements per day was 3–5. In group II the rate of excellent and good scores was 81% (13/16). All patients have an appropriate size anus and regular bowel actions. There has been no rectal prolapse, or anal stricture. EAS activity and perineal proprioception were preserved postoperatively. Follow up computed tomogram showed central placement the pull through bowel in between the muscle complex.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The technique of SSARP allows safe and anatomical reconstruction in a significant proportion of patients with ARM's without the need to divide the levator plate and muscle complex. It preserves all the components contributing to superior faecal continence, and avoids the potential complications associated with the open posterior sagittal approach.</p

Association mapping reveals novel genes and genomic regions controlling grain size architecture in mini core accessions of Indian National Genebank wheat germplasm collection

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food crop for the global human population, and thus wheat breeders are consistently working to enhance its yield worldwide. In this study, we utilized a sub-set of Indian wheat mini core germplasm to underpin the genetic architecture for seed shape-associated traits. The wheat mini core subset (125 accessions) was genotyped using 35K SNP array and evaluated for grain shape traits such as grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain length, width ratio (GLWR), and thousand grain weight (TGW) across the seven different environments (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E5, E6, and E7). Marker-trait associations were determined using a multi-locus random-SNP-effect Mixed Linear Model (mrMLM) program. A total of 160 non-redundant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified for four grain shape traits using two or more GWAS models. Among these 160 QTNs, 27, 36, 38, and 35 QTNs were associated for GL, GW, GLWR, and TGW respectively while 24 QTNs were associated with more than one trait. Of these 160 QTNs, 73 were detected in two or more environments and were considered reliable QTLs for the respective traits. A total of 135 associated QTNs were annotated and located within the genes, including ABC transporter, Cytochrome450, Thioredoxin_M-type, and hypothetical proteins. Furthermore, the expression pattern of annotated QTNs demonstrated that only 122 were differentially expressed, suggesting these could potentially be related to seed development. The genomic regions/candidate genes for grain size traits identified in the present study represent valuable genomic resources that can potentially be utilized in the markers-assisted breeding programs to develop high-yielding varieties