Design, development and in-vitro evaluation of pinaverium colon targeted tablets

In the present research work colon formulation of Pinaverium targeted to colon by using various polymers developed. To achieve pH-independent drug release of Pinaverium, pH modifying agents (buffering agents) were used. Colon targeted tablets were preparedin two steps. Initially core tablets were prepared and then the tablets were coated by using different pH dependent polymers. Ethyl cellulose, Eudragit RLPO and S100 were used as enteric coating polymers. The precompression blend of all formulations was subjected to various flow property tests and all the formulations were passed the tests. The tablets were coated by using polymers and the coated tablets were subjected to various evaluation techniques. The tablets were passed all the tests. Among all the formulations F6 formulation was found to be optimized as it was retarded the drug release up to 18 hours and showed maximum of 98.45% drug release. It followed first order kinetics mechanism

Formulation and evaluation of fast disintegrating tablets of metoprolol succinate using various superdisintegrants

The aim of present work is to develop a fast disintegrating solid oral dosage form of Metoprolol succinate. The concept of fast dissolving drug delivery system emerged from the desire to provide patient with more conventional means of taking their medication. Problems associated with conventional tablets can be resolved by means of fast dissolving tablets when put on tongue these tablets disintegrate and dissolve rapidly in saliva without need of drinking water. The faster the drug disintegrates in to solution, the quicker the absorption and onset of clinical effect. Preformulation results reveal that the flow properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient were found to be excellent as per IP limits. To perform drug-polymer compatibility FT-IR studies were carried out and observed that there was no interaction between the APl and excipients. Eight formulations were prepared with varying super disintegrating agent ratios and were found that as the level of super disintegrating agent decreased the drug release rates were found to be increased. Amongst all the formulations, formulation containing CCS (F4) as super disintegrant is fulfilling all the parameters satisfactorily. It has shown excellent in-vitro disintegration, in-vitro dissolution compared to other formulations. The prepared tablets disintegrate within few minutes without need of water; thereby enhance the absorption leading to its increased bioavailability. It was concluded that Fast Disintegrating tablets of Metoprolol can be prepared successfully as it satisfies all the criteria as a dispersible tablet and would be alternative to the currently available conventional tablets. Prepared formulations were stable during 90 days storage period at controlled 40°C and 75%RH

Formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment containing Cajanus Cajan extract

From the ancient times being a rich source of protein and a most important forage crop, Cajanus Cajan is the most widely used and cultivated crop. It has also been used traditionally in many parts of the world for its innumerable medicinal properties but still its identity as a medicinal plant is not established. To date, several flavonoids, isoflavonoids, tannins and protein fractions have been isolated from its different parts and their medicinal uses have been established, but many bioactive constituents and pure compounds have so far been neglected by phytochemists and pharmacologists and a large amount of work has been done only on extracts and not the isolated fractions which shows scope for further study in this direction. Traditional knowledge of the past and present folk is of massive value to the development of newer drug compounds. In the present work an attempt has been made in the development of four formulations of herbal ointment of Cajanus Cajan. All the formulations were studied for physicochemical properties like spreadability, extrudability, washability, solubility, loss on drying and showed satisfactory results. The prepared formulations showed proper pH range that is approximately pH 6; it confirms the compatibility of the formulations with skin secretions. The ointment formulations were found to be stable during stability study according to ICH guidelines (40 ± 2 °C/ 75 ± 5 % RH) for 3 months. F4 was found to be the best formulation as it shows 97.36% drug release within 5 hours, drug content 97.68% as compared to other three formulations

Formulation and in-vitro characterization of erythromycin ocular inserts

Erythromycin has antibacterial activity and especially useful in the treatment of superficial infections involving conjunctivitis and/or cornea caused by organisms. Sustained drug therapies have more advantages than conventional. In the present study, an attempt was made to formulate sustained drug delivery system for Erythromycin in matrix type the formulations for Erythromycin containing 10%, 12%, and 14% w/v of Gelatin & Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, and 14% , 16%, and 18% w/v for Ethyl cellulose were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for their average weight variation, thickness, drug content, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. An increase in average weight and thickness is due to an increase in polymer concentration. IR spectral studies were performed to confirm the interaction of drug with excipients. IR spectrum revealed that there is no incompatibility and no drug-polymer interactions. In vitro drug release studies were performed by vial method. Gelatin F09, HPMC F15 and EC F21 exhibited maximum average weight 16.66 ± 0.02, 10.81 ± 0.01 & 21.40 ± 0.01 mg respectively and thickness of 0.29 ± 0.01, 0.33± 0.06 and 0.43± 0.02mm respectively. The drug content was found to be 94.48, 92.87 & 90.26% respectively. The in-vitro drug release studies showed that increase in polymer content decreases the drug release from ocular inserts. Formulations containing 16 % and 18% w/v of EC showed sustained and almost complete drug release and dissolved 86.99% and 85.00 % over 14hours period was selected as an ideal formulation. The dissolution data of above formulation were subjected to first order, Higuchi’s and peppa’s equations. The linearity and slope indicates that the release of erythromycin from the films might have followed Peppa’s double log plot and non Fickian characteristics. Drug release from the ocular insert by diffusion controlled mechanism. Stability studies conducted for F20 formulation. The formulation showed satisfactory physical stability at 25oC and 40oC at 60% and 75% RH respectively. The physical appearance had not changed considerably. It can be concluded that formulation containing EC 18 % w/v has achieved the objectives of increased contact time, prolonged release, decreased frequency of administration and thus may improve the patient compliance

Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of niosomal drug delivery system for aceclofenac.

In the past few decades, considerable attention has been focused on the development of new drug delivery system (NDDS). The NDDS should ideally fulfill two prerequisites. Firstly, it should deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body, over the period of treatment. Secondly, it should channel the active entity to the site of action. Conventional dosage forms including prolonged release dosage forms are unable to meet none of these. At present, no available drug delivery system behaves ideally, but sincere attempts have been made to achieve them through various novel approaches in drug delivery. The aim of present work is to develop a niosomal drug delivery system of aceclofenac. To perform drug-polymer compatibility FT-IR studies were carried out and observed that there was no interaction between the APl and excipients. 8 niosomal formulations are prepared by the thin film hydration method using the cholesterol as the phospholipid. Prepared niosomal formulations were characterized by vesicle size, shape, surface charge, entrapment efficiency, drug content and invitro drug release studies. The vesicle size, size distribution and zeta potential of the optimized formulation (F5) was found to be 65.6 nm and zeta potential was found to be -1.5mV. Size distribution curve confirms the normal size distribution of the vesicles. The % entrapment efficiency of niosomal vesicles formulations were found to be in the range of 54.18±0.59 to 92.71±0.56 and optimized formulation was found to be 92.71±0.56 and drug content of niosomes formulations (F1to F8) were determined to be in the range of 94.6 -97.8%. The pH of all topical niosomal gels were found to be in the range of 7.4±0.02 to 7.4±0.08.The best fit with higher correlation (r2> 0.99) was found with the Zero Order Release and follows Korsemeyer peppas equation for all the formulations, which means that release of Aceclofenac from the lipid bilayer vesicles were due to diffusion. The stability studies were carried out and there was no significant change found in the formulations

Formulation and evaluation of herbal cream containing extracts of Murraya Koenigii & Cajanus Cajan

Herbal medicines are being used by about 80% of the world population primarily in the developing countries for primary health care.  Herbal Plants such as Murraya Koenigii and Cajanus Cajan traditionally used for the treatment of wound healing activity. In the present investigation an attempt was made to prepare and evaluate the herbal cream comprising extracts of Murraya Koenigii and Cajanus Cajan. The herbal cream namely F1 to F6 were formulated from the ethanol extract of Murraya Koenigii and Cajanus Cajan. The extraction was done by the Soxhlation process. Formulation of Herbal Skin Cream for wound healing was successfully developed that met the relevant pharmaceutical characteristics. The prepared formulations are then evaluated for parameters like physical properties, pH, viscosity, Spreadability and stability of the formulated cream. The prepared formulations showed good Spreadability, no evidence of phase separation and good consistency during the study period. Stability parameters like visual appearance, nature, viscosity and pH of the formulations showed that there was no significant variation during the study period. The prepared formulations showed proper pH range that is approximately pH 6; it confirms the compatibility of the formulations with skin secretions. The creams were found to be stable during stability to ICH guidelines (40 ± 2 °C/ 75 ± 5 % RH) for 3 months. In-vitro Diffusion studied conducted on all the 6 formulations and F5 and F6 has shown good diffusion when compared to other formulations. Now it can be possible to develop creams containing herbal extracts and can be used as a barrier to protect skin

APTAMERS: NANOMATERIALS AS A POTENTIAL AGENT FOR ANTIVIRAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG DELIVERY DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Chemotherapeutic experts have been utilised to cure a variety of disorders, but their practical application is restricted due to their regrettable selectivity and outrageous fundamental optional effects. Short single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides known as aptamers are released from randomised libraries and have strong propensity and differentiation towards targets like antibodies as well as characterised structures and ties to targets like proteins. They commonly suppress protein interactions while restricting proteins, which may elicit positive effects like threat. Aptamers have recently demonstrated their amazing promise for use in medicines, biosensors, and bioimaging thanks to a number of advantages, such as minimal immunogenicity, simplicity of giant degree blend, low pack to-bunch collection, genuinely substance modification, and programmability.  At any rate, the steady for the most part accomplishment speed of aptamer is far from being brilliant, despite everything needs to overwhelm the gigantic obstruction in propensity, constancy for utilitarian application, explicit illness cell affirmation. The sensible method of controlling the binding execution of aptamers, and dealing with their show in the practical application is of great significance and these single-abandoned DNA or RNA aptamers could outline with astoundingly poisonous chemotherapy drugs, hurts, strong RNAs or different particles as novel aptamer-drug structures, which are prepared to do endlessly out working on the obliging plentifulness and decreasing the critical danger of solutions and have unprecedented possible in living spaces for appointed ailment treatment. In this survey, we have extensively covered and summarised the ongoing improvements in the aptamer-drug structure philosophy for designated drug transport in the assessment methodologies of aptamers for unambiguous disease biomarkers. A modified strategy utilising aptamers could be a reliable system for quick and precise advancement of biopharmaceutics for use in infection-related treatment, especially in light of the enormous advances in modernised thinking for protein and RNA structure conjectures. Additionally, the likelihood of future conception is also summarised

Rp-Hplc Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation

Abstract A simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole in combination. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of 2mM phosphate buffer and Acetonitrile with pH 3.5 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid in the ratio of 70: 30%v/v. The column used was Phenomenex C 18 , (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d, 5m) with flow rate of 1 ml / min using PDA detection at 293 nm. The described method was linear over a concentration range of 5-50 g/ml and 12.5-125 g/ml for the assay of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole respectively. Gatifloxacin (50 g/ml) was used as internal standard. The retention times of Ofloxacin, Ornidazole and Gatifloxacin were found to be 2.1, 2.5 and 5.5min respectively. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for Ofloxacin and Ornidazole were found to be 5 and10 µg/ml 10 and 25 µg/ml respectively. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form

Formulation and evaluation of sustained release tablets of bupropion hydrochloride

ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation is to design and evaluate sustained release dosage form of bupropion hydrochloride and compare with innovator product (Wellbutrin sustained release tablets). Sustained release tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using HPMC and Microcrystalline Cellulose as matrixing agents. The granules prepared were shown satisfactory flow properties and compressability. Prepared Granules were evaluated for Angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner ratio. The granules shown satisfactory flow properties and compressability. Tablets were tested for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability and in vitro drug release as per official procedure. . Formulation of sustained release tablet of bupropion hydrochloride as formulation batches F-1 and F-2 with a variation in the quantities of HPMC and Microcrystalline indicated that the formulation F-II be taken as an ideal or optimized formulation resembling the marketed product of Wellbutrin sustained release tablets for 10 hour release as it full fills all the requirements for sustained release tablet