Evaluation of Executive Education Programs to Enhance Mid-Career Employees Role-based Performance: Organizational Perspective

This study intends to investigate the organizational perspective on improvement in role-based performance of mid-career professionals because of their Executive MBA education. More specifically the study includes the identification of critical roles, which organizations consider important for the performance evaluation of mid-career professionals, and organizations’ perception of how effectively EMBA graduates perform those roles at workplace. The study collected data through a structured self-administered questionnaire from 140 EMBA professionals of 99 sponsoring organizations in Pakistan. Results revealed that organizations consider the work-related role as the most important aspect of evaluation, followed by team related, career related, innovation related and organization citizenship related roles. Results on the efficacy of EMBA programs against these role-based performance indicators showed that though by and large organizations were satisfied, there existed a gap between each of the required roles

Impact of Internal Marketing Mix on Affective Commitment in Telecommunication Sector

Employees are always major element for organization. Without quality employees, it is difficult for organization to survive. Now days, there is wide importance of employees and their worthy value is always concerned by organizations. In service sectors, frontline employees are backbone of organizations as they are directly engaging themselves with outside customers. With this sense, frontline employees are undertaken as internal customers. Internal marketing mix is involved which have basic seven elements which are internal product, internal price, internal promotion, internal distribution, internal people, internal processes and internal physical evidence. Internal marketing is communication of information to employees. It is the key to success of external marketing and success with profitability of service organizations. Now companies are focusing on motivation of employees to decrease the turnover rate by increasing the commitment of employees. Internal marketing is always depending on the idea of exchanging few words with internal markets and delighting as well as make pleasing employees like their own customers. Service employees regularly symbolize their organization in the eyes of customers

Myotonic dystrophy in a Pakistani family: a case series and literature review

Myotonic dystrophy also known as (Steinert\u27s disease) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous multisystem disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 8000 in the general population. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized by myotonia, myopathy of voluntary and involuntary muscles, frontal baldness in men, cardiac conduction abnormalities, cataracts, intellectual deterioration and endocrinopathies. Affected men may have gonadal atrophy and infertility. On the other hand women are generally fertile. We report a case series of three individuals belonging to the same family presenting with characteristic features of myotonic dystrophy. The presentation of these cases depicts that this disease can lead to disability, loss of independence and social isolation especially in the elderly. They warrant adequate work up for diagnosis which may sometimes be extensive. Proper genetic counseling of the family is required regarding nature of the disease and with risks and prognosis

Awareness of stroke among general Practitioners

Stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death and 3rd leading cause of disability after cancer and ischemic heart disease. The recognition of acute stroke symptoms and knowledge about timely and prompt referral of a patient for possible thrombolysis is a need of time for which general practitioners (as they have to be the first responders many a times across Pakistan) need to be equipped with the advance knowledge about stroke treatment

Sodium in the leaf apoplast does not affect growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under saline field conditions

Studies dealing with leaf apoplastic Na+ concentration of monocots, such as maize, under actual saline soils are scarce. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the growth, total ions and leaf apoplastic Na+ concentration of salt sensitive maize plants growing in saline soils. Plants were subjected to salt stress with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 3, 8 10 and 14 dS m-1 using completely randomized design (CRD) for 3 weeks. Shoot fresh weight, plant height, leaf area and leaf length of maize plants drastically decreased when plants were exposed to increasing salt stress. We found that maize could display a steep increase in Na+ concentration in the total shoot biomass with maximum 82.3 μmol g-1 FW, when plants were subjected to highest soil salinity at 14 dS m-1. As expected, other cations i.e., K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased with increasing EC of the soil compared to Na+. Surprisingly, a maximum of 17 mM Na+ were found in the leaf apoplast of maize grown under very high soil salinity at EC 14 dS m-1. Considering this lower leaf apoplastic Na+ concentration at such a high EC level in maize plants, current study does not corroborate that surplus sodium in the leaf apoplast can result in dehydration and cell death under salt stress

Hemichorea Associated with type 2 Diabetes: A Rare Neurological Complication

Diabetic hemichorea/hemiballism is a spectrum of hyper kinetic, involuntary, irregular, purposeless, non-rhythmic, rapid and unsustained movements flowing from one part of the body to another. It involves contra lateral basal-ganglia and often striatum of the brain. Here we are reporting an un-usual case of choreiform movement disorder which was sudden in onset. It was accompanied with abnormally high values of blood glucose. Our patient had a complete remission of symptoms after an adequate control of blood glucose was achieved. This case illustrates the importance and rarity of hyperglycemia as a rare cause of hemichorea. It recovers rapidly and has a good prognosis. Screening for hyperglycemia even in those patients without a prior history of diabetes is very important, once they present with an involuntary movement disorder. Recognition and early treatment is beneficial to prevent adverse outcomes. Today, in the medical literature it is often referred to as C-H-BG (chorea, hyperglycemia, basal ganglia) syndrome

Association of Hypomagnesaemia & Hypocalcemia with Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Outcome

Determine if hypomagnesemia & hypocalcemia on admission was associated with ICH and outcome. Magnesium is a vascular smooth muscle relaxant and appears to provide protection against cellular injury in experimental stroke models. The implication of low serum magnesium in primary ICH is not well defined. All patients with a primary ICH presented to PIMS, Islamabad prospectively analyzed in a pilot study. Demographics, initial lab values, ICH location, Mg+2 level, NIHSS & MRS at presentation were recorded. All patients with INR \u3c= 1.5 were included in this study. We took normal serum magnesium in our study was 1.8 - 2.5 mEq/dL. Statistical significance was determined using linear regression adjusting for admission systolic blood pressure (SBP). We identified 66 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 52.76 years with minimum and maximum age was 25 and 80 years respectively. Total male and female patients were 40 (61%) and 26 (39.4%). The total number of patients with hypomagnesemia was 23 (30%) and with hypocalcemia was 54 (65%). All patients having hypomagnesemia (30%) also had subsequent hypocalcemia. Mean systolic Blood pressure (SBP) was 156.65 mmHg and 55patients (84.62%) presented with high SBP. All patients with hypomagnesemia presented with high SBP (p=0.001). Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia both were showed statically significant association with poor MRS & NIHSS score (p=0.013 and p=0.001). Hypomagnesemia was not showed statistically significant relation with the outcome (p=0.11) while hypocalcemia showed a remarkable association with outcome (p=0.001)

Demographic profile and associations of dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease patients in federal capital of pakistan.

Depression is quite prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. Knowing the frequency of depression in such patients and its association with different variables may be helpful in devising strategies for better and timely management of such patients in our setup. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted by recruiting 315 patients of either gender, ≥ 18 years of age with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and receiving care at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients were divided into two groups; group A: pre-dialysis and group B: dialysis (End Stage Renal Disease). Prevalence of depression in CKD and dialysis group and its association with gender, level of formal education and socioeconomic status was evaluated using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Out of 204 (100%) patients in group B, 171 (83.8%) patients had depression while in group A, 68 (61.3%) out of 111 (100%) patients were depressed. The prevalence of depression in all stages of CKD combined was 75.87 % (239 out of 315) and that in dialysis group was 83.82% (171 out of 204). Frequency of depression was significantly higher in the dialysis group (p=0.01). Those with higher level of education less commonly suffered from depression (p=0.01). No such association was found with gender (p=0.68) or socioeconomic status (p=0.12).Conclusion: Frequency of depression is significantly higher in dialysis dependent CKD patients with an overall prevalence of 75.87% in CKD and 83.82% in dialysis dependent ones. Higher level of formal education positively affects the outcome while gender and socioeconomic class have no significant association

Polyneuropathy associated with iga Paraproteinemia: a case report and literature Review.

Paraproteinemia is precipitated by an accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells or B lymphocytes. Idiopathic neuropathies that are associated with paraproteinemia account for only 10% of the neuropathies. Paraprotein acts like an antibody and is targeted against myelin and axons present in the peripheral nerves. Despite being of interest for quite a long time, the caudal relationship between paraproteinemias and peripheral neuropathies still remains a sorcery. We report a case of a middle aged male who presented with pain and parasthesias in both arms and legs. His workup revealed him to be having a paraproteinemic neuropathy consistent with IgA Lambda chains that account for being the most rare type of monoclonal gammopathy than IgM or IgG having the potential to progress to smouldering multiple myeloma