SafeWebUH at SemEval-2023 Task 11: Learning Annotator Disagreement in Derogatory Text: Comparison of Direct Training vs Aggregation

Subjectivity and difference of opinion are key social phenomena, and it is crucial to take these into account in the annotation and detection process of derogatory textual content. In this paper, we use four datasets provided by SemEval-2023 Task 11 and fine-tune a BERT model to capture the disagreement in the annotation. We find individual annotator modeling and aggregation lowers the Cross-Entropy score by an average of 0.21, compared to the direct training on the soft labels. Our findings further demonstrate that annotator metadata contributes to the average 0.029 reduction in the Cross-Entropy score.Comment: SemEval Task 11 paper (System

The Looming Threat of Fake and LLM-generated LinkedIn Profiles: Challenges and Opportunities for Detection and Prevention

In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting fake and Large Language Model (LLM)-generated profiles in the LinkedIn Online Social Network immediately upon registration and before establishing connections. Early fake profile identification is crucial to maintaining the platform's integrity since it prevents imposters from acquiring the private and sensitive information of legitimate users and from gaining an opportunity to increase their credibility for future phishing and scamming activities. This work uses textual information provided in LinkedIn profiles and introduces the Section and Subsection Tag Embedding (SSTE) method to enhance the discriminative characteristics of these data for distinguishing between legitimate profiles and those created by imposters manually or by using an LLM. Additionally, the dearth of a large publicly available LinkedIn dataset motivated us to collect 3600 LinkedIn profiles for our research. We will release our dataset publicly for research purposes. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first large publicly available LinkedIn dataset for fake LinkedIn account detection. Within our paradigm, we assess static and contextualized word embeddings, including GloVe, Flair, BERT, and RoBERTa. We show that the suggested method can distinguish between legitimate and fake profiles with an accuracy of about 95% across all word embeddings. In addition, we show that SSTE has a promising accuracy for identifying LLM-generated profiles, despite the fact that no LLM-generated profiles were employed during the training phase, and can achieve an accuracy of approximately 90% when only 20 LLM-generated profiles are added to the training set. It is a significant finding since the proliferation of several LLMs in the near future makes it extremely challenging to design a single system that can identify profiles created with various LLMs.Comment: 33rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT '23

Deception Detection with Feature-Augmentation by soft Domain Transfer

In this era of information explosion, deceivers use different domains or mediums of information to exploit the users, such as News, Emails, and Tweets. Although numerous research has been done to detect deception in all these domains, information shortage in a new event necessitates these domains to associate with each other to battle deception. To form this association, we propose a feature augmentation method by harnessing the intermediate layer representation of neural models. Our approaches provide an improvement over the self-domain baseline models by up to 6.60%. We find Tweets to be the most helpful information provider for Fake News and Phishing Email detection, whereas News helps most in Tweet Rumor detection. Our analysis provides a useful insight for domain knowledge transfer which can help build a stronger deception detection system than the existing literature

Two small molecule lead compounds as new antifungal agents effective against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

 Background: Antifungal drug resistance and few numbers of available drugs limit therapeutic options against fungal infections. The present study was designed to discover new antifungal drugs. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in two separate steps, that is, in silico lead identification and in vitro assaying of antifungal potential. A structural data file of a ternary complex of fusicuccin (legend), C terminus of H+-ATPase and 14-3-3 regulatory protein (1o9F.pdb file) was used as a model. Computational screening of a virtual 3D database of drug-like molecules was performed and selected small molecules, resembling the functional part of the ligand performing ligand docking, were tested using ArgusLab (4.0.1). Two lead compounds, 3-Cyclohexan propionic acid (CXP) and 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) were selected according to their ligation scores. Standard Strains of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used to measure the antifungal potential of the two identified lead compounds against the fungi using micro-well plate dilution assay. Results: Ligation scores for CXP and PBA were -9.33744 and -10.7259 kcal/mol, respectively, and MIC and MFC of CXP and PBA against the two yeasts were promising. Conclusion: The evidence from the present study suggests that CXP and PBA possess potentially antifungals properties.

Determinants of students’ satisfaction with digital classroom services: moderating effect of students’ level of study

Purpose – Like every other sector, educational institutions have also been suffering immensely due to COVID-19 pandemic. Many educational institutions are now adopting digital classroom services. However, an online platform with the need for appropriate technology and infrastructure from the students’ perspective poses a severe challenge to developing countries like Bangladesh. The paper aims to figure out the relevant factors that affect the extent of student satisfaction with digital classroom services at the school and tertiary levels. Design/methodology/approach – It is a quantitative study of 450 students from Bangladesh who encountered online classes during the pandemic of COVID-19. An equal number of students from all levels, including schools, colleges and tertiary stages, participated in the survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to interpret the data. Structural equation modeling using AMOS graphic software is incorporated to test the study’s hypothesis. Findings – Among all the four determinants of student satisfaction during this critical era, all levels look satisfied with the three underlying influences: technological, convenience and resource-related factors. However, school-level students found the digital classroom services abrasive with Internet connectivity and technical structures during online classes and exams. Research limitations/implications – A comprehensive study can assess the difference between private and public university students in this regard. In addition, the impact of gender and/or location (rural/urban area) can be assessed by using the same model of the study. Practical implications – Having the experience of the students’ satisfaction level during this pandemic, the government, educational institutions and other stakeholders can take away the findings of the results to have a better plan for Internet-based education at every level. Originality/value – The study is unique to see the readiness of developing nations such as Bangladesh to focus on the sudden uncertainty like a pandemic in introducing the digital education platform. The study can add value to achieving the country’s sustainable development goal of becoming a digitally enabled regional education hub

The Health-Oriented Lifestyle in Islamic Culture

Introduction: Islam has always stressed the importance of health and wellness. For centuries, Muslims have recognized the value of a good, clean, and healthy life. The purpose of this study is to explain the health-oriented lifestyle in the Islamic culture based on opinions, experiences, and perceptions of clergies, teachers, and students. Method: A qualitative research method was conducted in this study by grounded theory approach. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with participants. Moreover, the existing resources, such as case studies, life stories, letters, diaries, and press interviews have been used. Results: This study's central variable was deviation from moderation of thought, belief and behavior. Seven main categories were gained by analysis of data. They were: "policy in the health system", "Islamic education"," Islamic movement in people's family centered lives", "work, effort, and money", "ethics and law abiding citizen", "mobility and leisure", "relationships, interaction, and participation". Conclusion: Lifestyle modification, in the process of acquiring healthy communities and social capital, based on religious teachings could be the perfect solution for the problems of a healthy life in the present day. In structural approach, the government should pay attention to such issues like authority of the family, and supporting parents, and spouses, facilitate family functions by systematic problem solving, and empower and strengthen institutions such as the education system and media. It is suggested that educational institutions direct their teachings toward empowering children of this society in order for them to better play their roles in family and social life, and encourage them to use Islamic teachings Keywords: Health-oriented lifestyle, Islamic culture, Qualitative researc

Additively manufactured metallic biomaterials

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has led to an evolution in the design and fabrication of hard tissue substitutes, enabling personalized implants to address each patient's specific needs. In addition, internal pore architectures integrated within additively manufactured scaffolds, have provided an opportunity to further develop and engineer functional implants for better tissue integration, and long-term durability. In this review, the latest advances in different aspects of the design and manufacturing of additively manufactured metallic biomaterials are highlighted. After introducing metal AM processes, biocompatible metals adapted for integration with AM machines are presented. Then, we elaborate on the tools and approaches undertaken for the design of porous scaffold with engineered internal architecture including, topology optimization techniques, as well as unit cell patterns based on lattice networks, and triply periodic minimal surface. Here, the new possibilities brought by the functionally gradient porous structures to meet the conflicting scaffold design requirements are thoroughly discussed. Subsequently, the design constraints and physical characteristics of the additively manufactured constructs are reviewed in terms of input parameters such as design features and AM processing parameters. We assess the proposed applications of additively manufactured implants for regeneration of different tissue types and the efforts made towards their clinical translation. Finally, we conclude the review with the emerging directions and perspectives for further development of AM in the medical industry.National Institutes of Health || The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada || Network for Holistic Innovation in Additive Manufacturin

A Study of the Efficiency of the Syntactical-morphological Level of Garces’ Model in the Assessment of Qur'an Translation; Case Study: Makarem Shirazi's Translation of Five Surahs of Quran

Evaluation of the Qur'an translation has not yet had a comprehensive model. To achieve such a model, we can first examine the efficacy of existing evaluation models. In this regard, the present article examines the effectiveness of the TT-oriented Garces model in evaluating the translation of the Qur'an, examining the “Syntactical-morphological” level. This level examines structural changes in translation. For this purpose, the translation of five Surahs of the Quran from the TT-oriented translation of Makarem Shirazi has been selected as the research data. Studying the efficiency of this level in evaluating the translation of the Qur'an also shows that the syntactic-lexical level of the Garces model is efficient in evaluating the translation of the Qur'an due to the structural differences between the Persian and Arabic languages and the necessity of syntactic changes in the translation of the Qur'an. However, the overall classification of techniques to the positives and negatives is should be reviewed according to their status and necessity. Among the techniques of this level, "Transposition", "Modulation" and "Explanation" have the most function in the Quran translation. According to the high usage of rhetorical devices in the Qur'an, the "Compensation" is an effective technique to evaluate the translator's skill in translating them to Persian. The "literal translation" and "Implication, reduction, omission" as negative techniques and "Changes in the type of sentences" as an ambivalent technique have had the least function in the Makarem translation as an example of a TT-oriented translation

The Mandibular Angle Hydatid Cyst Mimicking Branchial Cleft Cyst: A Case Report

We report an unusual case of primary hydatid cyst of the mandibular angle without glands involvement, in the left supraclavicular region of the neck with no involvement of any other regions of the body. In July2012, a25-yr old woman, from Golestan Province, Northeast Iran was admitted to ourENTClinic, with one-year history of a progressively increasing swelling, pain and gradually growing mass located in the left side of neck region. The patient was diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FANC) and histopathology examination. Hydatid cyst should be considered in differential diagnosis of soft tissue mass such as branchial cleft cyst (BCC) and or dermoid cyst in the cervical region especially in endemic areas. Moreover, FANC could be recommended as a valuable, rapid, simple, and safe procedure to diagnose hydatid cyst especially in unusual locations.