Modification of Carica papaya seeds with NaOH for copper removal from water

As people work to create a sustainable future, initiatives to improve the state of the environment have recently taken precedence. Due to the persistence of heavy metals in the environment and their nonbiodegradable nature, heavy metal contamination has become a global issue. In conjunction with the Sustainable Development Goals, this study proposes a green method of heavy metal removal by applying Carica papaya seeds (CPS) as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient adsorbent to remove copper (Cu) from the environment. To increase its potential in adsorbing copper(II) ions, CPS were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of the adsorbent mass, pH, initial metal solution concentrations, and contact time were investigated in batch experiments. The optimum pH and contact time for CPS are pH 3–5 and 120 min, respectively, and the highest percentage of removal achieved is 82%. The adsorbent was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the Cu adsorption process. In conclusion, the chemically treated CPS can be utilized as a potential bio-adsorbent for Cu removal from aqueous solutions

Modification of carica papaya seeds with naoh for copper removal from water

As people work to create a sustainable future, initiatives to improve the state of the environment have recently taken precedence. Due to the persistence of heavy metals in the environment and their nonbiodegradable nature, heavy metal contamination has become a global issue. In conjunction with the Sustainable Development Goals, this study proposes a green method of heavy metal removal by applying Carica papaya seeds (CPS) as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient adsorbent to remove copper (Cu) from the environment. To increase its potential in adsorbing copper(II) ions, CPS were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of the adsorbent mass, pH, initial metal solution concentrations, and contact time were investigated in batch experiments. The optimum pH and contact time for CPS are pH 3-5 and 120 min, respectively, and the highest percentage of removal achieved is 82%. The adsorbent was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the Cu adsorption process. In conclusion, the chemically treated CPS can be utilized as a potential bio-adsorbent for Cu removal from aqueous solutions

Extraction of protease from Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) fruit using response surface methodology

Protease is a versatile industrial enzymes that is applicable in various industries including the food sector. Eventhough most commercial proteases are from animal and microbial origin, they each carries certain limitations involving religious, ethical and dietary concerns. Therefore, the discovery of proteases from plant as an alternative source should be given attention. In this study cashew (Anacardium occidentale) fruit, known to have dermatitic and anthelmintic properties, was chosen as source of protease, and the effect of the extraction process on its protease activity is evaluated. The extracted crude enzyme was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with variables studied were pH (x1), CaCl2 (x2), mixing time (x3) and mass (x4). The quadratic model obtained from the results is significant (R2 = 0.9739). Based on the RSM model, the optimal extraction conditions were obtained at pH 6.42, 8.94 mM CaCl2, 5.62 min mixing time and 18.55 g sample mass that yields protease 6.251 unit/mL of crude extract

Adsorption study on the removal of cu ions from aqueous solution using NAOH-modified Carica papaya peels

Recently, environment contamination by heavy metals has gained much attention due to the significant impact on public health. These heavy metals such as copper (Cu) are non-biodegradable pollutants and they are very difficult to eliminate naturally from the environment. Therefore, this study was conducted to deal with the removal copper (Cu) from an aqueous solution using a highly efficient, environmentally friendly adsorbent from Carica papaya Peels (CPP) prepared by NaOH- treatment modification. The effects of adsorbent mass, pH, initial metal ion solution concentrations and contact time were studied in batch experiments. The optimum adsorbent mass, pH, and contact time for Cu removal are 0.9 g, pH = 3, and 45 min, respectively. SEM and FT-IR were employed to validate the efficiencies of the adsorbents towards lead and copper. As a conclusion, the chemical- treated CPP can be utilized as a potential biosorbent for Cu removal from aqueous solutions

Statistical analysis and molecular docking study on halal potential antioxidant from anacardium occidentale fruits

Lipids in foods are prone to oxidation that causes deterioration of food quality and formation of free radicals. Free radicals in food products can cause oxidative damage which could results in many chronic health diseases. Commercially available synthetic antioxidants used as food additives are reported to endanger health. Therefore, Halal natural antioxidants from plants are investigated. In this study, viscious liquid containing antioxidant properties was extracted from freeze dried cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the solvent. The extractions were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The effects of pressure (x1; 200-300 bars), time (x3; 30- 90 min), and temperature (x2; 30-50°C) were studied on the antioxidant activity of the liquid, measured using the DPPH inhibition assay. The statistical ana lysis was performed by ANOVA and the quadratic model obtained is significant (R2= 0.9858). Based on the RSM model, the optimal extraction conditions were obtained at 288.98 bar, 66.21 min, and 36.98°C that yields 70.3399% DPPH inhibition, which is in reas onable agreement with the validation test (n= 3) that yields the highest activity (71.5167±0.6684%). Based on the t-values, the ascending order of the effects of linearterms on cashew apple antioxidant activity was was temperature < time < pressure. The total phenolic content of the extract is 0.056 mg GAE/mL. The optimised extract was analysed using GC-MS and FT-IR for chemical compounds identification. Four prominent compounds were identified from the chromatogram. The antibacterial activity of the extract was tested against Gram-positive and Gram -negative bacteria. Molecular docking was used to study the interactions of the identified compounds from the extract with the bacteria

The applicability of using a protease extracted from cashew fruits (Anacardium occidentale), as possible meat tenderizer: an experimental design approach

Meat tenderness is one of the most important organoleptic properties in determining consumer acceptance in meat product marketability. Therefore, an effective meat tenderization method is sought after by exploring plant derived proteolytic enzymes as meat tenderizer. In this study, a novel protease from Cashew was identified as a new alternative halal meat tenderizer. The extraction of cashew protease was optimized using response surface methodology (R2 = 0.9803) by varying pH, CaCl2 concentration, mixing time, and mass. pH 6.34, 7.92 mM CaCl2 concentration, 5.51 min mixing time, and 19.24 g sample mass were the optimal extraction conditions. There was no significant difference (n = 3; p < 0.05) between the calculated (6.302 units/ml) and experimental (6.493 ± 0.229 units/ml) protease activity. The ascending order of the effects was pH < mixing time < CaCl2 < sample mass. In meat tenderizing application, the meat samples treated with 9% (v/w) crude protease extract obtained the lowest shear force (1.38 ± 0.25 N) to cause deformation on the meat. An electrophoretic analysis showed that protein bands above 49.8 kDa were completely degraded into protein bands below 22.4 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy shows the disruption of the muscle fibers after being treated by the Cashew protease. The results of this study show the Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) crude extract can be used as an alternative of the animal and microbial protease as meat tenderizer and subsequently overcome the shortcoming of the halal industrial protease