Antidiabetic activity of extracts of Pistachia khinjuk on alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic mice

Diabetes is spreading all over the world day by day. There are many ways to treat diabetes mellitus which mainly includes synthetic drugs, homeopathic medicine or Unani medicine etc. These Medicines have many side effects. Natural products; which include herbs, shrubs and large plants, cure diabetes mellitus and prove excellent hypoglycemic activity. These herbal medicines have no reported side effects. Many species of family Anacardiaceae show hypoglycemic activity and used from centuries to cure diabetes. Various pistachio species show hypoglycemic activity and have a very long history of herbal remedies. The present study evaluates the hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract of Pistachia khinjuk. Six groups of Swiss albino mice were made for extract (80:20 Methanol: water) of Pistachia khinjuk and each group contains six albino mice. All the mice were injected alloxan monohydrate except normal group of wax and extract. Group 1 was treated as normal group and receives no treatment, group 2 receive 5mg/kg of glibenclamide after alloxan monohydrate induction, group 3 receive no treatment after alloxan monohydrate induction, group 4 and 5 receive 500 and 250mg/kg of Pistachia khinjuk extract, while group 6 receives 500mg/kg Pistachia khinjuk wax after alloxan monohydrate treatment. All the mice for extract (Pistachia khinjuk) of group 4, 5 and 6 show hypoglycemic activity and decreases blood glucose level. There may be many factors behind this activity which needs more research on it by isolating and analyzing specific secondary metabolites which causes this effect. The methanolic extract due to phenolic constituents proves to be excellent antidiabetic medicine

Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biological activities of manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

Purpose: To synthesize, characterize and investigate the antimicrobial properties of pure and manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles.Method: Un-doped and manganese-doped zinc oxide (Mn-doped ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using co-precipitation method. The synthesized Mn-doped ZnO  nanoparticles were characterized using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy  (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD)  spectroscopic techniques. Their band gap energies were measured with ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectroscopy, while their antioxidant properties were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric  thiocyanate (FTC) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The antimicrobial  activities of the nanoparticles against different bacterial strains were determined using agar diffusion method.Result: Results from XRD, SEM, EDX and UV-Vis analyses demonstrated  successful synthesis of undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles as seen in their hexagonal, wurtzite structures. The un-doped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles had average grain sizes of 16.72 nm and 17.5 nm, and band gap energies of 3.585 eV and 2.737 eV, respectively. Significant antibacterial activity was manifested by Mndoped ZnO against E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella and B. subtilis, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) of 13 ± 0.09 mm, 14 ± 0.01 mm, 18 ± 0.07 mm and 20 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. The Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles also exhibited effective and significant antioxidant potential relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and un-doped ZnO nanoparticles.Conclusion: Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrate significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thus, the preparation is a good candidate for further development into therapeutic formulations.Keywords: Mn-doped ZnO, Nanoparticles, Properties, Antioxidant, Antibacteria

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaf extract: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic dye degradation activitie

Purpose: To synthesize copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using a ecofriendly technique and evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photo-catalytic dye degradation potentials.Methods: A superficial method (solution combustion method) was employed for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from an aqueous extract of Abutilon indicum. The CuO nanoparticles were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the CuO nanoparticles was determined by agar well diffusion method, while their antioxidant properties were assessed by DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The photo-catalytic degradation activity of synthesized CuO nanoparticles was assessed by the degradation of Acid Black 210 (AB) dye under sunlight irradiation.Results: XRD, EDX and SEM results confirmed successful synthesis of CuO nanoparticles, with hexagonal, wurtzite and sponge crystal structure. Photo-catalytic data revealed that the nanoparticles are a good catalyst for effective degradation of Acid Black 210. The nanoparticles also exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity, with IC50 and FRAP values ranging from 40 ± 0.23 to 84 ± 0.32 μg/ml, and 0.65 ± 0.01 to 9.10 ± 0.21 Trolox equivalent/mL, respectively. Significant bactericidal activity was manifested by the CuO nanoparticles against Klebsiella and Bacillus subtilis with zone of inhibition of 14 ± 0.05 and 15 ± 0.11 mm, respectively.Conclusion: The synthesized CuO nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant potential, indicating that they are good candidates for future therapeutic applications.Keywords: CuO nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Photo-catalytic degradation, Antioxidant, Antimicrobia

Green synthesis of MNO nanoparticles using abutilon indicum leaf extract for biological, photocatalytic, and adsorption activities

We report the synthesis of MnO nanoparticles (AI-MnO NAPs) using biological molecules of Abutilon indicum leaf extract. Further, they were evaluated for antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity against different pathogenic microbes (Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and HeLa cancerous cells. Synthesized NAPs were also investigated for photocatalytic dye degradation potential against methylene blue (MB), and adsorption activity against Cr(VI) was also determined. Results from Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful synthesis of NAPs with spherical morphology and crystalline nature. Biological activity results demonstrated that synthesized AI-MnO NAPs exhibited significant antibacterial and cytotoxicity propensities against pathogenic microbes and cancerous cells, respectively, compared with plant extract. Moreover, synthesized AI-MnO NAPs demonstrated the comparable biological activities results to standard drugs. These excellent biological activities results are attributed to the existence of the plant's biological molecules on their surfaces and small particle size (synergetic effect). Synthesized NAPs displayed better MB-photocatalyzing properties under sunlight than an ultraviolet lamp. The Cr(VI) adsorption result showed that synthesized NAPs efficiently adsorbed more Cr(VI) at higher acidic pH than at basic pH. Hence, the current findings suggest that Abutilon indicum is a valuable source for tailoring the potential of NAPs toward various enhanced biological, photocatalytic, and adsorption activities. Consequently, the plant's biological molecule-mediated synthesized AI-MnO NAPs could be excellent contenders for future therapeutic applications.Authors are very thankful to the Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Pakistan, for providing support to this research work. The author Saddam Akber Abbasi would like to acknowledge Qatar University for providing excellent research facilities.Scopu

Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus (Kasni) seed extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats

Purpose: To assess the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous-methanol extract of Cichorium intybus seeds (C. intybus) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in albino Wistar rats.Method: The seed extract of C. intybus was prepared in aqueous methanol (20:80) via Soxhlet solvent extraction process. CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg) was administered to induce hepatic damage in Wistar rats. The seed extract (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses) and a 25 mg/kg dose of silymarin (as standard drug) were administered orally to separate groups of albino Wistar rats for 14 days. Blood samples from the rats were analyzed for biochemical markers for hepatic injury. The tissue samples of the rats were subjected to histopathological studies as well as analyzed for liver antioxidants.Results: The results for biochemical markers revealed that the rats treated with the extract (500 mg/kg dose) showed a maximum elevation of catalase (48.90 μmole of H2O2 consumed/min/mg protein), glutothione peroxidase (22.1 mg GSH consumed/min/mg protein), superoxide dismutase (14.2 units/min/mg protein), and a reduction in glutathione (18.1 μmole of GSH/mg protein). Serum biochemical parameters including serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphate (ALKP), and direct bilirubin were significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the treated groups. Oral administration of different doses of C. intybus seed extract significantly (p < 0.01) protected the hepatic cells from impairment. The biochemical markers and hematological parameters were also normal in extract-treated rats in contrast to the standard (silymarin) and control groups.Conclusion: The results show that C. intybus plant is potential a good natural source of natural hepatoprotective and antioxidants agents.Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective Biomarkers, Silymarin, Hematological parameter

Antidiabetic activity of extracts of Pistachia khinjuk on alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic mice

Diabetes is spreading all over the world day by day. There are many ways to treat diabetes mellitus which mainly includes synthetic drugs, homeopathic medicine or Unani medicine etc. These Medicines have many side effects. Natural products; which include herbs, shrubs and large plants, cure diabetes mellitus and prove excellent hypoglycemic activity. These herbal medicines have no reported side effects. Many species of family Anacardiaceae show hypoglycemic activity and used from centuries to cure diabetes. Various pistachio species show hypoglycemic activity and have a very long history of herbal remedies. The present study evaluates the hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract of Pistachia khinjuk. Six groups of Swiss albino mice were made for extract (80:20 Methanol: water) of Pistachia khinjuk and each group contains six albino mice. All the mice were injected alloxan monohydrate except normal group of wax and extract. Group 1 was treated as normal group and receives no treatment, group 2 receive 5mg/kg of glibenclamide after alloxan monohydrate induction, group 3 receive no treatment after alloxan monohydrate induction, group 4 and 5 receive 500 and 250mg/kg of Pistachia khinjuk extract, while group 6 receives 500mg/kg Pistachia khinjuk wax after alloxan monohydrate treatment. All the mice for extract (Pistachia khinjuk) of group 4, 5 and 6 show hypoglycemic activity and decreases blood glucose level. There may be many factors behind this activity which needs more research on it by isolating and analyzing specific secondary metabolites which causes this effect. The methanolic extract due to phenolic constituents proves to be excellent antidiabetic medicine

Pharmacological Activities of Carica papaya Linn

Carica papaya is a tropical fruit, present in orange red to yellow orange color. The whole plant including fruit, leaves, roots, peel, bark, seed and pulp served as medicine. It is rich in minerals, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, enzymes, lycopene, and flavonoids that provide the papaya with special importance. It is used as a remedy for the treatment of many skin infections, anti fungal, anti viral infections. Its milky juice extracted and dried is used as medicine for digestive disorders and as toothpaste. Carica papaya helps in the treatment of different types of cancer, kidney infections, nervous disorders, etc. Now a days papaya is known as a nutraceutical fruit because of its multifaceted properties. The most enhanced properties of papaya are anti-fungal, anti-fertility, uretonic, anti-hypertensive, hypolipidemic, dengue fever, diuretic, anti-helmintic, wound healing, antibacterial and antitumor activities. This review summarizes the magical pharmacological benefits of Carica papaya

Pharmacological Activities of Carica papaya Linn

Carica papaya is a tropical fruit, present in orange red to yellow orange color. The whole plant including fruit, leaves, roots, peel, bark, seed and pulp served as medicine. It is rich in minerals, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, enzymes, lycopene, and flavonoids that provide the papaya with special importance. It is used as a remedy for the treatment of many skin infections, anti fungal, anti viral infections. Its milky juice extracted and dried is used as medicine for digestive disorders and as toothpaste. Carica papaya helps in the treatment of different types of cancer, kidney infections, nervous disorders, etc. Now a days papaya is known as a nutraceutical fruit because of its multifaceted properties. The most enhanced properties of papaya are anti-fungal, anti-fertility, uretonic, anti-hypertensive, hypolipidemic, dengue fever, diuretic, anti-helmintic, wound healing, antibacterial and antitumor activities. This review summarizes the magical pharmacological benefits of Carica papaya

Review of Pharmacological Activities of Vetiveria zizanoide (Linn) Nash

Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash is a perennial magical grass of family poaceae commonly known as Khas which is highly valued grass due to its adventitious root system. It is widely distributed in the Pakistan. It is cultivated in all provinces of Pakistan due to its great economic importance. This grass grows plain ascending up to 1200m. Mostly roots stem and leaves were used for treatment of different diseases by ancestors. Adventitious roots contain essential oil which used for multipurpose such as perfumery and in pharmacological industry. Vetiver oil contains approximately 150 compounds, including sesquiterpenoide, hydrocarbons. Phytochemical analysis of leaves shows the presence of flavonoides, saponins, tannins and phenols. Various tribes of India used this tuft grass for commercial purposes. Khas serve as broom, for cooling, roof of huts and as medicine for different diseases such as sunstroke, ulcer, fever, epilepsy and in skin diseases. In this study we summaries the magical pharmacological activities of Vetiveria zizanioides such as anti inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti malarial, anti tubercular, anti hyperglycemic, anti hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity

Review of Pharmacological Activities of Vetiveria zizanoide (Linn) Nash

Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn) Nash is a perennial magical grass of family poaceae commonly known as Khas which is highly valued grass due to its adventitious root system. It is widely distributed in the Pakistan. It is cultivated in all provinces of Pakistan due to its great economic importance. This grass grows plain ascending up to 1200m. Mostly roots stem and leaves were used for treatment of different diseases by ancestors. Adventitious roots contain essential oil which used for multipurpose such as perfumery and in pharmacological industry. Vetiver oil contains approximately 150 compounds, including sesquiterpenoide, hydrocarbons. Phytochemical analysis of leaves shows the presence of flavonoides, saponins, tannins and phenols. Various tribes of India used this tuft grass for commercial purposes. Khas serve as broom, for cooling, roof of huts and as medicine for different diseases such as sunstroke, ulcer, fever, epilepsy and in skin diseases. In this study we summaries the magical pharmacological activities of Vetiveria zizanioides such as anti inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti malarial, anti tubercular, anti hyperglycemic, anti hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity