Auctions as a measure in meeting renewable energy targets : selected cases from developing countries

With the determination to achieve 100% carbon free energy generation by 2050, renewable energy has been widely accepted as a feasible option for environmentally friendly and inclusive economic growth. Giving priority to this support mechanism is vital to upholding a steady and conducive atmosphere for investment in this sector while meeting the anticipated target in the energy system in an economical way, and policy makers reveal that auctions have reached their pinnacle in due course of time. Merely 29 states had applied renewable energy auctions up to the end of 2017 and their number increased to 41 in 2019. The present study aims to prepare a roadmap for achieving the carbon free green energy production target within the stipulated period while meeting future energy demand through a cost-effective auctioning scheme. The research outlines the feasibility of suggested auctioning schemes, highlighting some country-specific empirical evidence and potential benefits for countries. For this, qualitative research has been conducted to summarize and assess the necessary conditions to develop an auctioning model. The results indicate that for the emerging economics that are provided with renewable energy sources, technology-neutral site-specific volume auctions systematically scheduled, together with socio-economic development instruments under qualification requirement, result in diversified gains

Renewable Energy (Solar and Wind) Generation and its Effect on some Variables for Selected EU Countries with Panel VAR Model

Keeping the world livable, the policy makers are giving their extended focus on green energy. They are trying to move on hand-on-hand with rising green energy and lessening carbon dioxide (CO2) emission steading the economic activities specially for the open and developing countries. This can be helpful to provide a more lucrative economic environment to meet the extended demand of the society. The paper highlights to find out whether the economic growth, renewable energy consumption, fossil fuel-based energy generation and CO2 emission are significantly impactful on renewable energy generation or not? Is there any mutual, bi-directorial, unidirectional relationship with each other? For this, the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model is run. The paper focuses on six EU countries who are practicing auction scheme for deploying robust green energy (especially solar and wind) by reducing dependency on fossil fuel and expanding their economy with less CO2 emission. The result of the analysis shows that a positive influence of each concern variable on renewable energy (RE) generation and auction scheme might have a significant impact if robustness of the generation occurs

Sustainable Energy Security for Economic Development: Trends and Challenges for Bangladesh

Despite the upliftment of the society, energy is playing a pervasive role that accelerates the socio-economic progress of a nation. There is no way to disagree that almost every economic activity is backed by energy. Bangladesh is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. With the recent attribute of “New Asian Tiger” and the aim to become a middle-income nation by 2021, the country has been enlisted in the “Next Eleven” economies. Bangladesh has ensured constant GDP growth, net power generation growth and growth in industrial production last few years. The aim of the paper is to deliver an essence of up-to-date energy-mix and overall energy scenario of Bangladesh. The paper investigates what is the overall energy scenario of Bangladesh and is there any relation among the real GDP growth, net power generation growth, industrial production growth (manufacturing, mining & construction) for Bangladesh? The paper suggests that in the short run there is a significant relationship between GDP Growth Rate and Industrial Production Growth Rate in Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper indicates that there is a significant increase in Net Electricity Generation which is influencing industrial production growth in Bangladesh. In addition to that it postulates some suggestions for the power sector for coming days

Increasing Renewable Energy Auctions for the Accessibility of Low-Cost Clean Energy and Its Local Socio-Economic Impacts

The authors examine the impact of auctions on energy costs and their potential benefits to the local and national economy. The short study also examines the auction effect on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Both qualitative and quantitative analyse-based research results suggest that a systematic auctioning scheme, coupled with socio-economic development instruments and a qualification requirement, can help emerging states with renewable energy resources to achieve various benefits in the society as well as the economy

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction, Motivation and Turnover Rate of Medical Promotion Officer (MPO) in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Study Based in Khulna City

Due  to  the  fast  growing  of  the  pharmaceutical  sector, the  demand  of  medicine  is  mostly  fulfilled  by  the  local  industry. In  the  local  market, the  medicines  are  distributed  and  marketed  by  the  Medical  Promotion  Officers (MPOs). The  main objective of the study  is to find out the  job satisfaction, motivation  and  turnover  factors  of  MPOs.  Along with different reports, it is conducted direct field survey to the 40 (forty) MPOs of different pharmaceutical companies in the Khulna City. Likert  Scale, based  on  five  points, is  used for  data collecting. It  is  found  that  the  most  of  the  MPOs  are  not  satisfied  with  their  jobs  and  for  this  they  are  not  motivated  and  for  this  their  turnover  tendency  is  high. The  MPOs  are  dissatisfied  with  their  job  security, social  status, working  load, visit  to  retailers’  shop, sales  target, no  room  for  family, not  getting  the  retirement  benefit  and  not  getting  the  family  insurance  support. And  finally  there  is  given  suggestion  by  the  force  field  analysis  model  for  removing  the  restraining/negative  forces factors  for  reducing  the  turnover  rate. Also  there  is  also  mentioned  the  driving/positive  forces  factors  for  omitting  the  turnover  rate

Reproductive Performances and Management Effects on Productions of Indigenous Dairy Cows Raised at Char Areas in Northern Bangladesh

The study was conducted to assess the existing reproductive performances and the effect of nutritional supplementation on productions of indigenous cows in Char areas (remote river Jamuna sand islands) in northern part of Bangladesh from October 2009 to March 2010. The study also projected the frequency and determinants of long calving interval (LCI), retention of foetal membrane (RFM), dystocia (D), and abortion (A) in indigenous cattle and explored production trends. Fifty seven dairy households (average breedable cows = 2, range 1 to 3) were visited and data on reproductive, breeding and management histories were collected and statistically analyzed. Overall, 125 breedable indigenous cows were observed to be alive at different stages. The mean (±SE) calving interval were 492 ± 15days and the interval between calving and the initiation of ovarian activity were 143 ± 6.7 days. Birth rate was 53.7 per 100 cows year, with birth been reported to occur in all over of the year. Of the 87 cows that were reported to have calved more than once in their lifetime, 6(6.9%) and 5(5.7%) were associated with abortion and dystocia, respectively. Eight (9.2%) of the animals suffered RFM. All cows were dewormed and supplemented with vitamin-mineral premixes. The body weight of 125 cows and the milk yield of 71 lactating cows were recorded. The mean (± SD) body weight and daily milk yields of the cows during initial and end of veterinary interventions were 121.1 ± 21.0 kg, 1.5 ± 0.1 litres; 165.0 ± 14.0kg and 2.3 ± 0.02 litres, respectively. After productive veterinary interventions, there was an apparent effect of improved health on body weight gain (80g/cow/day) and the average milk yield increased from 1.5 to 2.3 litre/cow. It was concluded that, the present estimate of LCI, birth rate, prevalence of peripartum disorders attributes as the indicators of poor reproductive performances of cows and the productive veterinary health care services improved the general health and production status of the dairy cows in char areas

Effects of Proportion of Egg Yolk and Preservation Time on Chilled Semen from Indigenous Rams

The study was set out to determine the effects of different percentages of egg yolk on quality of chilled semen in Indigenous Rams. Different percentages of egg yolk were used to preserve semen from indigenous rams in Tris based extender at 4°C. Nine 2 to 3 years old rams, weighing 21.5±1.2 kg, body condition score 3.9±0.1 with scrotal circumference of 22.4 ±0.4 cm were selected for collection of semen once a week using artificial vagina. Each ejaculate was divided into four portions, and extended with Tris based diluents containing 5, 10, 15, and 20% egg yolk and kept chilled at 4 to 5°C for up to 48h. Motility, viability, functional integrity and morphology were evaluated before and 24h and 48h of preservation. The results showed significantly (p<0.05) better motility, viability and functional integrity with 10% egg yolk compared to other concentrations of egg yolk during preservation. However, the proportion of egg yolk did not affect spermatozoa quality before preservation and normal morphology in any time during preservation. Time of preservation decreased (p<0.01) the rate of motility, viability, functional integrity, and normal morphology of spermatozoa. Positive correlation coefficient observed between spermatozoa motility, viability, and functional integrity. Functional integrity of spermatozoa positively correlated to morphologically normal spermatozoa. It is concluded that 10% egg yolk in Ttris based diluents may be best for chilled Indigenous ram semen

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction, Motivation and Turnover Rate of Medical Promotion Officer (MPO) in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Study Based in Khulna City

Due to the fast growing of the pharmaceutical sector, the demand of medicine is mostly fulfilled by the local industry. In the local market, the medicines are distributed and marketed by the Medical Promotion Officers (MPOs). The main objective of the study is to find out the job satisfaction, motivation and turnover factors of MPOs. Along with different reports, it is conducted direct field survey to the 40 (forty) MPOs of different pharmaceutical companies in the Khulna City. Likert Scale, based on five points, is used for data collecting. It is found that the most of the MPOs are not satisfied with their jobs and for this they are not motivated and for this their turnover tendency is high. The MPOs are dissatisfied with their job security, social status, working load, visit to retailers’ shop, sales target, no room for family, not getting the retirement benefit and not getting the family insurance support. And finally there is given suggestion by the force field analysis model for removing the restraining/negative forces factors for reducing the turnover rate. Also there is also mentioned the driving/positive forces factors for omitting the turnover rate

Baseline Study of Reproductive Performances of Indigenous Rams in Bangladesh

9 , respectively. The rate of motility: 89. 0±0.2, 72.4±0.2, 62.0±0.6, viability: 91.8±0.1, 75.6±0.2, 64.8±0.6, functional integrity: 87.3±0.2, 69.1±0.2, 50.2±0.5 and normal spermatozoa were 94.0±0.1, 77.3±0.1 and 75.0±0.2 in fresh, chilled and frozen semen, respectively