A comparison of effective factors in creating delays from the contractors’ and the employers’ point of view in construction of schools in Tehran

Time is one of the most fundamental factors in investment projects which are directly or indirectly affecting other factors. Since the reconstruction of Iran's schools as one of the Executive agencies, dedicates a large portion of Iran's annual credit to itself, paying attention to the effective factors in the delay in timely delivery of the organization's projects can result in increasing productivity and its performance. The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the delay of the organization's projects in Tehran province from the employer and the contractor's perspective. In the meantime, the qualitative information by using face-to-face interview with the experts and experts of both parties were collected as well quantitative information which has been prepared through a questionnaire. The results of two groups have identified factors like   high inflation in Iran , low affordability of the contractors, delay in financial demands of the contractors by an employer, offering lower prices by contractors, weaknesses in the management of financial resources and lack of familiarity of the contractors with the principles of engineering and workshop management. Also, each group has pointed out factors as effective reasons which are at a low priority of the other group. Identifying these categories of factors can help every researcher to find the claim causing factors in doing the projects by  this organization

A comparison of effective factors in creating delays from the contractors’ and the employers’ point of view in construction of schools in Tehran

Time is one of the most fundamental factors in investment projects which are directly or indirectly affecting other factors. Since the reconstruction of Iran's schools as one of the Executive agencies, dedicates a large portion of Iran's annual credit to itself, paying attention to the effective factors in the delay in timely delivery of the organization's projects can result in increasing productivity and its performance. The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the delay of the organization's projects in Tehran province from the employer and the contractor's perspective. In the meantime, the qualitative information by using face-to-face interview with the experts and experts of both parties were collected as well quantitative information which has been prepared through a questionnaire. The results of two groups have identified factors like   high inflation in Iran , low affordability of the contractors, delay in financial demands of the contractors by an employer, offering lower prices by contractors, weaknesses in the management of financial resources and lack of familiarity of the contractors with the principles of engineering and workshop management. Also, each group has pointed out factors as effective reasons which are at a low priority of the other group. Identifying these categories of factors can help every researcher to find the claim causing factors in doing the projects by  this organization

A comparison of effective factors in creating delays from the contractors’ and the employers’ point of view in construction of schools in Tehran

Time is one of the most fundamental factors in investment projects which are directly or indirectly affecting other factors. Since the reconstruction of Iran's schools as one of the Executive agencies, dedicates a large portion of Iran's annual credit to itself, paying attention to the effective factors in the delay in timely delivery of the organization's projects can result in increasing productivity and its performance. The purpose of this study is to identify factors in the delay of the organization's projects in Tehran province from the employer and the contractor's perspective. In the meantime, the qualitative information by using face-to-face interview with the experts and experts of both parties were collected as well quantitative information which has been prepared through a questionnaire. The results of two groups have identified factors like   high inflation in Iran , low affordability of the contractors, delay in financial demands of the contractors by an employer, offering lower prices by contractors, weaknesses in the management of financial resources and lack of familiarity of the contractors with the principles of engineering and workshop management. Also, each group has pointed out factors as effective reasons which are at a low priority of the other group. Identifying these categories of factors can help every researcher to find the claim causing factors in doing the projects by  this organization

Development of Relationship Management in Employer Level (Case Study: Squares Organization of Tehran)

Abstract: The present study aims at collecting data though a survey for picking a management method in employer level. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was adapted in order to examine the data normality. Then, to determine and rate an appropriate management style in employer level, the weight of each criterion per each style was computed. Here, first the de-scaled matrix was calculated, then the Shannon entropy was used to compute coefficient of each criterion and finally, the degree of uncertainty and level of significance for each criterion were computed. Thanks to commonality of criteria for all methods, the coefficient of significance per criterion was multiplied by all styles. The obtained results of sum of the criteria scores were applied for rating and choosing the apt relationship management style in employer level. The main achieved result of the current research is to determine two in-house and design, build, finance and operate for the Squares organization of Tehran based on first and second rank. At the end, some recommendations are provided for establishment of relationship management in employer level according to two relationship management methods for the desired organization

An Experimental Investigation of Reactive Absorption of Carbon Dioxide into an Aqueous NH3/H2O/NaOH Solution

In this research, the reactive absorption of carbon dioxide in an aqueous solution of NH3, H2O, and NaOH has experimentally been investigated. The experiments were carried out in an absorption pilot plant in different operational conditions. The composition and temperature of both gas and liquid phases were obtained during the column height. The concentration of molecular and ionic species in the liquid phase was calculated using the principles of electrolyte and Pitzer model. In the experiments, the effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on carbon dioxide absorption was considered. The results revealed that the concentrations of ionic and molecular species in the liquid phase drastically influence the absorption rate of carbon dioxide. Also, the results showed that the absorption rate of carbon dioxide was increased by increasing ammonia and sodium hydroxide concentration

Reliability-Based Life Cycle Assessment of the Concrete Slab in Bridges

To guarantee the safety and serviceability of present bridges maintenances are essential all around the Globe and most governments’ budget effect by overhaul such infrastructures yearly without any rate of interest in these maintenances. A large proportion of costs are allocated for maintenances costs due to the increasing number of present bridges. Maintenances also have a substantial effect on economic and sustainable development. In this study, a durability reliability analysis of reinforced concrete slabs subject to the action of deteriorations during the life cycle of bridges is presented. This paper is focused on providing insight into the role of reliability life cycle assessment in One Century of bridge maintenance cost performance by two reliability factors in the monitoring of 150 points of modeled bridge. The first factor in this model is crack size expansion about the time scale of the concrete deck by consideration of concrete deterioration. The second factor is the reliability of the compaction ratio of concrete (fc) based on the probability that this factor will perform as intended for 100 years duration under normal conditions. Finally, this paper generates a complicated model, which illustrates specific duration need maintenance to reach high performance in a total of 100 years. For instance, by this sample and data binding, the best time to get reliable and durable structure is in 23 years of initial usage, and this bridge needs concrete structural rehabilitation to reach high performance and durable concrete deck and pavement in the life cycle of the bridge

A novel anti-CD22 scFv–apoptin fusion protein induces apoptosis in malignant B-cells

Abstract CD22 marker is a highly internalizing antigen which is located on the surface of B-cells and is being used as a promising target for treatment of B cell malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD22 have been introduced and some are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Building on the success of antibody drug conjugates, we developed a fusion protein consisting of a novel anti-CD22 scFv and apoptin and tested binding and therapeutic effects in lymphoma cells. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and successfully purified and refolded. In vitro binding analysis by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry demonstrated that the recombinant protein specifically binds to CD22 positive Raji cells but not to CD22 negative Jurkat cells. The cytotoxic properties of scFv–apoptin were assessed by an MTT assay and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis and showed that the recombinant protein induced apoptosis preferentially in Raji cells with no detectable effects in Jurkat cells. Our findings indicated that the recombinant anti-CD22 scFv–apoptin fusion protein could successfully cross the cell membrane and induce apoptosis with high specificity, make it as a promising molecule for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies