Are business students computer literate?

In the modem world, a person without a computer knowledge will be considered a crippled person. The knowledge of computer is crucial for business managers, however. A computer literate person is one who understands the computer technology, can use the computer, and is able to understand its limitations. Realizing a need for computer literacy, colleges and universities require students to take at least a course in computer. This trend started in 1980 and now most students could be considered computer literate. This paper summarizes the results of the surveys in 1985, 1987, and 1992 of the students in the introductory course in computer. The survey found that more and more students know more about computers, the software, and their applications. The survey shows that the percent of students who know different software has consistently increased since 1985

Surgeons and ethical challenges in operating room

Ethics lie in the heart of professionalism. In surgery, it represents an essential element, with surgeons facing ethical challenges in their routine practice. The rapid expansion of surgical technology and innovation along with the use of resources and consideration of conflict of interest have brought up the need for the development of current surgical code of ethics. Operating room represents a stressful environment where patients\u27 lives depend upon careful preparation, planning and execution. The progression of surgery within the operating room must be done in harmony and in line with the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Discussion of ethical problems arising in the operating room is not a common subject in surgical literature. The current narrative review was planned to cover ethical concerns related to patients\u27 safety and privacy in the operating room and some of the evolving topics, like ethics of overlapping surgery, live surgical broadcast and \u27do not resuscitate\u27 policy in the operating room

Micro-Blogging Policy for Local Governments in China: A Critical Analysis

This study aims to address, how the government of China’s adaptation of microblog does impacts social contention and local governance? This study assess the extent to microblogging can serve as:  1) a virus bringing unexpected outcome; 2) a battering ram for spearhead reform and 3) as an authority of reinforcer of existing power, such as politics as usual.  The research studied WEIBO in depth perspective of local governance. The author also found that microblog of government in the short run is resulting in organizational change.  Perhaps, Chinese local government microblogs operate largely as “beta-institutions” experimenting with respect to negotiation and corporation with their microblog services and micro public providers aimed at enhancing political legitimacy and social management. Furthermore, local government is engaging progressively from service providers to ‘service predictors” with improved abilities of delivering individualized services and institute state surveillance via business service providers. These improvements warrant further investigations of the long haul ramifications of microblogs as a major aspect of the administration data nature Furthermore, for the prospective of comparison, the study will help a healthier understanding of the way microblogging is diffused over the globe as part of neighborhood government political tool compartment as the need to have more comprehensive and mindful organizations which can offer a space for conveying among government and subjects is an aggregate concern. Keywords: Government, Communication, Micro-Bilogging, Administration, Development

Uchapan YAB Dato Menteri Besar Kedah dalam Majlis Perhimpunan Muhibbah di Pekan Jeniang pada 4.4.1970 jam 9.40 malam.

Pada malam ini tuan2 dan puan2 berhimpun beramai2 di Padang Najlis Tempatan Jeniang ILJeniang ini datang dari jauh dekat, lelaki ·perumpuan, tua dan muda, berdukong berkilek semua-nya saya rasa ada-lah dengan tujuan yang sama ia-itu menyambut seruan ahli2 J'Kuasa Muhibbah di-sini, sambil bersuka2 merayakan suatu perhimpunan yang tidak pernah di-adakan dulu-nya yang di-beri nama perayaan Muhibbah

Fungal empyema in complicated chronic pancreatitis: A rare possibility

INTRODUCTION: Fungal empyema a rare cause of empyema thoracis is commonly associated with nosocomial infection or gastrointestinal disease with very high mortality. Its association with chronic pancreatitis is rarely been described. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of young male known alcoholic with chronic pancreatitis and cystgastrostomy who presented with dyspnea and fever. Thorough workup showed left sided amylase rich loculated pleural effusion. Culture grew candida albicans. Esophagogram carried out for any esophageal rupture turned out to be negative. Histopathology was negative for malignancy. Intraoperative left sided yellowish colour fluid was drained, Loculation broken and rind removed. No pleuro-peritoneal fistula could be identified. Postoperatively patient remained well and discharged on antifungal. CONCLUSION: No obvious cause of fungal empyema could be found except for pancreatico-pleural spread as suggested by amylase rich pleural effusion along with growth of candida spp. Hence in patient with chronic pancreatitis and cystgastrostomy pleural effusion should be evaluated for fungal infection to avoid morbidity and mortality and commence early treatment

Kawashima operation: functional modification of bidirectional Glen shunt with left superior vena cava in single ventricular morphology

Single ventricle physiology offers limited options with significant morbidity and mortality. The Glenn shunt is a mid-stage procedure for the Fontan circulation. With persistent left Superior Vena Cava (SVC) and Azygos continuation of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) to the SVC, needs the development of bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunts. Fifteen patients underwent Bidirectional Glen shunt procedure over a period of ten years. Of these two were found to have left SVC along with interrupted IVC and its Azygos continuation to the SVC. These two patients underwent the Kawashima operation. A seven years old girl was admitted via emergency with severe cyanosis. She had tricuspid atresia, azygos continuation of IVC with single ventricle physiology. She had a complicated postoperative course with prolonged hospital stay after bilateral bidirectional Glen shunt (Kawashima operation). She successfully has completed Fontan after 5 years. The second case ofa 7 year old girl had elective surgery for DORV (double outlet right ventricle), pulmonary atresia and azygos continuation of IVC and persistent left SVC. She had an uneventful postoperative course. The Kawashima operation is an established surgical procedure to deal with bilateral SVCs. The procedure is safe; outcome is favourable and prepares the patient for total cavo-pulmonary shunt

Ectopic thyroid mass separately present in mediastinum and not a retrosternal extension: A report of two cases

Retrosternal extension of goiter is one of the most common types of masses in the superior mediastinum. These types of goiters classically present with compressive symptoms such as dyspnea, dysphonia, dysphagia, or sleep apnea. Surgical treatment with a total thyroidectomy and complete removal of the intrathoracic portion of thyroid is the gold standard treatment. These cervicomediastinal lesions at times may not be continuous, and a sternotomy may be required for complete and safe excision of the mediastinal mass to achieve decompression of the surrounding structures and preventing the hemorrhagic complications if attempted from cervical incision. We present a summary of two cases that gave an initial impression of retrosternal extension of thyroid gland, however intraoperatively were found to be separately encapsulated and required sternotomy for its safe and complete excision

Carotid cavernous fistula in a patient with coronary artery disease

Carotid cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid and cavernous vasculature, with potential for serious neurological and ocular sequelae. There is considerable literature on the neuro-radiological management of carotico-cavernous fistula depending upon their flow status. The coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for coronary artery disease (CAD) is a well established method of revascularization. However, the association of carotid cavernous fistula in presence of CAD is an infrequent occurrence. We present a case of coronary artery disease scheduled for bypass surgery, developed spontaneous bilateral carotid cavernous fistulas, highlighting a unique aspect of association between coronary and carotid disease

Paradigm shift in the surgical training: The era of innovation, simulation and beyond

This is an era of transformation of surgical education and training. Modern methods of training are being introduced at a rapid pace and are being adopted in surgical practice not only to improve the outcomes and patient satisfaction, but also to provide an opportunity to develop a new well-structured training curriculum by integrating both traditional and modern approaches to teach and learn surgical skills. Various surgical simulators are in use as training aids and are constantly undergoing further refinement and development. To achieve a smooth transition in surgical training to modern methods, a structured programme has to be developed and validated to bridge the gaps in terms of safety, efficiency and ethics during the training process

Comparison of figure of eight and traditional simple wire closure method to prevent dehiscence after sternal closure

Objective: To investigate significant differences, if any, between figure of-eight method and simple wire closure technique in reducing the incidence of infectious and non-infectious sternal dehiscence in patients undergoing sternal closure.Methods: The systematic review was conducted in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department at Aga Khan University from 1st December 2015 to 13th December 2017. The review was registered with PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to December 13, 2017. The search was limited to randomised control trials, clinical trials, retrospective cohort studies, journal analyses, systematic reviews and meta analyses. Cadaveric or animal studies and articles published in languages other than English were excluded.Results: Of the 286 articles retrieved, 265(92.6%) were excluded on the basis of study title and abstract. Another 15(5.2%) were excluded for being irrelevant to the topic n hand, and 6(2.1%) formed the final sample. Of them, 4(66.6%) studies showed no significant difference between the two techniques, while 2(33.3%) found figure-of-eight technique to be superior of the two.Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the figure-of eight method and the simple wire technique in reducing the risk of dehiscence in patients undergoing sternal closure