Rak oskrzelikowo-pęcherzykowy pod postacią nacieku nieustępującego w okresie 2 lat

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), a rare form of lung malignancy, is usually seen in non-smokers and women. Three distinct histological forms have been identified viz, mucinous, non-mucinous and mixed or indeterminate. The mucinous variety of BAC may present as a consolidation which is very difficult to differentiate from an infective pneumonia. We present a case of a middle aged female who was evaluated for a “non-resolving consolidation” for a period of two years. She had undergone an inconclusive bronchoscopy and had received several courses of antibiotics including anti-tuberculous therapy without relief. The size of the lesion had remained largely unchanged during this period and there was no significant clinical deterioration in the patient. Transbronchial biopsy done on presentation revealed BAC of the mucinous variety. BAC presenting as a large consolidation without significant change for a period of two years has rarely been documented in the literature.Rak oskrzelikowo-pęcherzykowy, rzadka postać nowotworu występuje częściej u osób niepalących i u kobiet. Wyróżnia się trzy postacie histopatologiczne: śluzową, nieśluzową oraz mieszaną lub nieokreśloną. Odmiana śluzowa może przebiegać pod postacią nacieku trudnego do zróżnicowania z zapaleniem płuc. Przedstawiamy przypadek raka oskrzelikowo-pęcherzykowego u kobiety diagnozowanej przez 2 lata z powodu nieustępującego nacieku. Początkowo wykonano u pacjentki badanie bronchofiberoskopowe, które nie wyjaśniło przyczyny. Była kilkakrotnie nieskutecznie leczona antybiotykami oraz odbyła leczenie przeciwgruźlicze, które również nie przyniosło poprawy. Rozmiar nacieku nie ulegał zasadniczym zmianom w ciągu całego okresu obserwacji a stan pacjentki nie ulegał pogorszeniu. Przezoskrzelowa biopsja płuca wykonana przy przyjęciu wykazała odmianę śluzową raka oskrzelikowo- pęcherzykowego. Opisano dotychczas zaledwie pojedyncze przypadki raka oskrzelikowo-pęcherzykowego przebiegającego w postaci nieustępujących w tak długim okresie rozległych nacieków w płucach

Efficacy of combined phenotypic methods for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection and antibiotic susceptibility

Background: The main aim of our study is to demonstrate comparative evaluation of oxacillin disc diffusion (ODD), oxacillin screen agar (OSA), CHROM agar (CA) with cefoxitin disc diffusion (CDD) method for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained from various clinical samples.Methods: This prospective study was conducted to detect Methicillin resistance among staphylococcus aureus by four phenotypic methods isolated from various clinical samples received in the Department of microbiology MMIMSR, Mullana.Results: The data was statistically analyzed, compiled in form of tables, graphs, percentage and test of significance will also be done wherever necessary (using Microsoft Excel, 2008 version) CDD+ODD+OSA+CA proved to be 100% followed by ODD+OSA+CA and CDD+OSA+CA 82.07% and CDD+ODD+OSA 80.1%.Conclusions: Combined phenotypic methods are better in evaluating and studying MRSA infections in hospitals as compared to tests done in isolation for proper diagnosis and timely treatment of infections

Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: The Role of Nanofibers - A Review

The field of drug delivery has experienced a paradigm shift with the emergence of nanofibers as an innovative carrier system. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the multifaceted role of nanofibers in drug delivery, highlighting their unique properties and diverse applications in therapeutic interventions. Nanofibers, characterized by their high surface area-to-volume ratio and tunable properties, offer an exceptional platform for targeted and controlled drug release. Their versatile nature allows for precise engineering of size, morphology, and surface functionalities, enabling tailored drug delivery systems catering to specific therapeutic needs. This review encompasses a detailed analysis of the various fabrication techniques employed in producing nanofibers, encompassing electrospinning, self-assembly, and other advanced methodologies. Furthermore, the review presents an extensive survey of the diverse range of materials utilized in nanofiber production, such as polymers, proteins, and inorganic compounds, emphasizing their distinct advantages in drug encapsulation, protection, and release kinetics.The application spectrum of nanofibers in drug delivery is explored, spanning across various medical domains including cancer therapy, tissue engineering, wound healing, and infectious disease treatment. The review delves into recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in this burgeoning field, underscoring the potential for nanofibers to revolutionize drug delivery strategies and improve therapeutic outcomes.In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of nanofibers as a novel and promising carrier system in drug delivery, presenting a compelling case for their continued exploration and utilization in advancing medical treatments

“Nano-Herbal Innovations: Precision In Therapeutic Delivery”

Herbal nanoparticles, an innovative fusion of traditional herbal medicine and modern nanotechnology, represent a burgeoning field with vast therapeutic potential. These nanoparticles are crafted by employing various techniques like green synthesis, coacervation, or ionic gelation, utilizing natural substances derived from plants. The encapsulation of herbal extracts within nanoparticles enhances their bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery, addressing longstanding limitations of traditional herbal medicine. The miniature size of these nanoparticles allows for easy penetration into cells, tissues, and even across physiological barriers, thereby augmenting their efficacy. Moreover, herbal nanoparticles exhibit remarkable versatility in treating diverse health conditions. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties have been extensively studied and documented. By encapsulating compounds derived from plants, such as curcumin, resveratrol, or quercetin, within nanoparticles, their therapeutic effects are amplified manifold, fostering promising avenues for combating various diseases. Nano-sized herbal formulations shows reduced toxicity compared to their conventional ones, owing to controlled release profiles and targeted action. They hold great promise in personalized medicine, allowing for tailored therapies based on individual patient requirements. However, despite their immense potential, challenges persist in terms of large-scale production, standardization, and regulatory aspects. Further research is warranted to show their long-term safety profile and optimize their efficacy for widespread clinical applications.In conclusion, herbal nanoparticles represent a remarkable convergence of traditional herbal wisdom and cutting-edge nanotechnology. Their remarkable properties pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in healthcare, offering novel solutions for prevalent diseases while honoring the rich heritage of natural remedies. Continued exploration and refinement of these nanoparticles hold the key to unlocking their full therapeutic potential

Mechanically programming anisotropy in engineered muscle with actuating extracellular matrices

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DMA, a Bisbenzimidazole, Offers Radioprotection by Promoting NFκB Transactivation through NIK/IKK in Human Glioma Cells

BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure often occurs for human beings through occupational, medical, environmental, accidental and/or other sources. Thus, the role of radioprotector is essential to overcome the complex series of overlapping responses to radiation induced DNA damage. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment of human glioma U87 cells with DMA (5- {4-methylpiperazin-1-yl}-2-[2'-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5'-benzimidazolyl] in the presence or absence of radiation uncovered differential regulation of an array of genes and proteins using microarray and 2D PAGE techniques. Pathway construction followed by relative quantitation of gene expression of the identified proteins and their interacting partners led to the identification of MAP3K14 (NFκB inducing kinase, NIK) as the candidate gene affected in response to DMA. Subsequently, over expression and knock down of NIK suggested that DMA affects NFκB inducing kinase mediated phosphorylation of IKKα and IKKβ both alone and in the presence of ionizing radiation (IR). The TNF-α induced NFκB dependent luciferase reporter assay demonstrated 1.65, 2.26 and 3.62 fold increase in NFκB activation at 10, 25 and 50 µM DMA concentrations respectively, compared to control cells. This activation was further increased by 5.8 fold in drug + radiation (50 µM +8.5 Gy) treated cells in comparison to control. We observed 51% radioprotection in control siRNA transfected cells that attenuated to 15% in siRNA NIK treated U87 cells, irradiated in presence of DMA at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that NIK/IKK mediated NFκB activation is more intensified in cells over expressing NIK and treated with DMA, alone or in combination with ionizing radiation, indicating that DMA promotes NIK mediated NFκB signaling. This subsequently leads to the radioprotective effect exhibited by DMA

Effects of school-based interventions on mental health stigmatization: a systematic review

Stigmatizing, or discriminatory, perspectives and behaviour, which target individuals on the basis of their mental health, are observed in even the youngest school children. We conducted a systematic review of the published and unpublished, scientific literature concerning the benefits and harms of school-based interventions, which were directed at students 18 years of age or younger to prevent or eliminate such stigmatization. Forty relevant studies were identified, yet only a qualitative synthesis was deemed appropriate. Five limitations within the evidence base constituted barriers to drawing conclusive inferences about the effectiveness and harms of school-based interventions: poor reporting quality, a dearth of randomized controlled trial evidence, poor methods quality for all research designs, considerable clinical heterogeneity, and inconsistent or null results. Nevertheless, certain suggestive evidence derived both from within and beyond our evidence base has allowed us to recommend the development, implementation and evaluation of a curriculum, which fosters the development of empathy and, in turn, an orientation toward social inclusion and inclusiveness. These effects may be achieved largely by bringing especially but not exclusively the youngest children into direct, structured contact with an infant, and likely only the oldest children and youth into direct contact with individuals experiencing mental health difficulties. The possible value of using educational activities, materials and contents to enhance hypothesized benefits accruing to direct contact also requires investigation. Overall, the curriculum might serve as primary prevention for some students and as secondary prevention for others