Impact of Globalization on Education Policy: Bangladesh Perspective

Globalization is a process, which has affected many areas of human life and it\u27s aided by the ICT. It has both positive and negative effects on education. These effects have been influenced our National Education Policy in 21st century. To identify the new issues and topics of education that was included in National Education Policy in 21st century of Bangladesh as an effect of globalization is the main objective of this paper. This Study was conducted following the qualitative research approach. In order to ensure the feasibility of the study, only two education policies which were formulated in 2000 and 2010, have purposively been selected for the study sample and the data has been analyzed qualitatively. Through this analysis, it has been found that the National Education Policy of Bangladesh was inspired by globalization. This paper will help to carry out further research on the similar topics in any other countries

Classroom Assessment Practices in Urban Secondary Science Classes in Bangladesh

Aiming to explore classroom assessment practices in Bangladesh, this study confined on some selected secondary science classroom. A total of seven schools are selected purposively from seven divisional cities. The General Science class of Class Eight is selected purposively and observed in five consecutive days. The class teachers and students are also interviewed as respondent. This study shows that assessing student learning achievement and feedback are considered as the major objectives of classroom assessment, however, modifying teaching is totally ignored. Classroom feedback is \u27right\u27 or \u27wrong\u27 oriented follow by task-oriented and self-oriented in nature. Teachers mainly dominate the classroom assessment practices and basically relied on the traditional methods specifically on oral questioning for assessing students\u27 classroom learning. The classroom questions are basically focused very specific or limited responses. Therefore, this study suggests to change the current practices by using several assessment strategies and focus on assessment for students\u27 learning

Design of high gain base station antenna array for mm-wave cellular communication systems

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems require high gain antennas to overcome path loss effects and thereby enhance system coverage. This paper presents the design and analysis of an antenna array for high gain performance of future mm-wave 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on planar microstrip technology and fabricated on 0.254 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers-5880) having a relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009. The single radiating element used to construct the antenna array is a microstrip patch that has a configuration resembling a two-pronged fork. The single radiator has a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. To achieve the gain required by 5G base stations, a 64-element array antenna design is proposed which has a bore side gain of 21.2 dBi at 37.2 GHz. The 8 × 8, 8 × 16, and 8 × 32 antenna array designs described here were simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio, which is a 3D full-wave electromagnetic solver. The overall characteristics of the array in terms of reflection-coefficient and radiation patterns makes the proposed design suitable for mm-Wave 5G and other communication systems.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. In addition, this work was partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR. The authors also sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Setting Reading Fluency Benchmark in Bangla for the Students of Grade III and Grade V

Reading is one of the most significant media of learning. Reading with comprehension mostly depends on reading fluency. It is necessary to measure students fluency through the reading rate of words per minute to know the level of comprehension. There was no benchmark in Bangla reading fluency at the primary level, which is necessary to check students\u27 reading performances regarding the targeted level. This study aims to set a reading fluency benchmark for grade III and grade V in Bangla. This study followed quantitative approaches with a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 1536 students from both grades were selected through a multistage cluster sampling procedure. Two types of texts for each grade were developed and finalized alter piloting to administer. The median method was used for setting the fluency benchmark as many countries already had used it for the same purpose. This study recommended setting the reading fluency benchmark for grade III in Bangla at 46 CWPM and 54 CWPM for grade V. It also recommended that policymakers need to take the necessary teaching-learning interventions to achieve this benchmark

Design of high gain base station antenna array for mm-wave cellular communication systems

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems require high gain antennas to overcome path loss effects and thereby enhance system coverage. This paper presents the design and analysis of an antenna array for high gain performance of future mm-wave 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on planar microstrip technology and fabricated on 0.254 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers-5880) having a relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009. The single radiating element used to construct the antenna array is a microstrip patch that has a configuration resembling a two-pronged fork. The single radiator has a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. To achieve the gain required by 5G base stations, a 64-element array antenna design is proposed which has a bore side gain of 21.2 dBi at 37.2 GHz. The 8 × 8, 8 × 16, and 8 × 32 antenna array designs described here were simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio, which is a 3D full-wave electromagnetic solver. The overall characteristics of the array in terms of reflection-coefficient and radiation patterns makes the proposed design suitable for mm-Wave 5G and other communication systems

Synthesis of new 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole analogs as potent inhibitors of b-Glucuronidase and in silico study

New benzimidazole analogues (1–18) were synthesized and characterized through differ- ent spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS. All analogues were screened for b-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. All analogues showed varied degree of inhibitory potentials with IC50 values ranging between 1.10 – 0.10 to 39.60 – 0.70 lM when compared with standard D-saccharic acid-1,4- lactone having IC50 value 48.30 lM. Analogues 17, 11, 9, 6, 1 and 13 having IC50 values 1.10 – 0.10, 1.70 – 0.10, 2.30 – 0.10, 5.30 – 0.20, 6.20 – 0.20 and 8.10 – 0. 20 lM respectively, showed excellent b-glucuronidase inhibitory potential many folds better than the standard. All other analogues also showed good inhibitory potential better as compared to stan- dard. Structure activity relationships (SAR) has been established for all compounds. The results from molecular docking studies supports the established SAR and developed a strong correlation with the results from into vitro assay. The molecular docking results clearly highlighted how sub- stituents like nitro and chloro affect the binding position of the active compounds in the active site. The docking results were also used to properly establish the effect of bulky substituents of least active compounds on reduced b-glucuronidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1–18 were found non-toxic

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Effects of viscous dissipation and activation energy for the MHD Eyring-powell fluid flow with Darcy-Forchheimer and variable fluid properties

The study of flow, heat and mass transference of Eyring-Powell fluid flowing in the existence of micro cantilever sensor is useful to create enhancement in the field of non-Newtonian fluid. The Darcy-Forchheimer porosity medium is considered for the flow analysis. The impressions of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, heat generation, activation energy, Soret and Dufour effects are taken here to investigate the transference analysis of heat and mass rate. The flow phenomena are inspected under the influence of variable fluid properties. The motivation arises to work in this type of study is due to their applications in various industries such as steam generators, chemical reactors, system of dying package beds, several cooling and heating process and treatment of various diseases. The flow equations are occurred in the form of PDEs and then we utilize suitable similarity transformations to convert them into ODEs. These ODEs are numerically solved by the numerical technique namely, ‘shooting method’. The result reveals that the fluid velocity upsurges due to Hartman number and fluid coefficient whereas opposite impact is illustrious due to porosity coefficient, inertia coefficient and viscosity parameter. The finding indicated that we can upturns the temperature within the flow system due to thermal radiation, thermal conduction coefficient, Eckert number, heat generation and Dufour number. The rate of mass transference enhances for higher inputs of heat conduction coefficient, activation energy and Soret number while reverse behavior is seen due to temperature difference coefficient