A Few Interventions and Offerings from Five Movement Lawyers to the Access to Justice Movement

We are five lawyers who occupy very different corners of justice work. We are civil rights, human rights, and criminal defense lawyers, and we have worked at and managed legal services programs. We have taught law at law schools and universities and have built our own organizations. We currently work in interdisciplinary spaces with community organizers, funders, and other stakeholders in the justice system. As diverse as our perspectives are, we share a common belief that any mobilization around access to justice fails if it does not center the vision and strategies of larger social justice movements. We share here our collective calls to action to the legal community—and the allies that support and resource legal services—to expand our mission beyond chasing a standard of fairness that is impossible to achieve as long as we have deeply embedded structural and systemic inequity. Instead, let us reimagine what our communities actually need to be safe, free, and to live in our fullest humanity. We believe the role of movement lawyers is to use the law as a tool of social change, at the direction of communities most impacted by injustice. When we focus our lawyering on listening to community organizers, clients, and activists with a broader vision for social change, we can become partners in transforming systems, rather than simply making them more hospitable

A Right-Based Approach to Lawyering: Legal Empowerment as an Alternative to Legal Aid in Post-Disaster Haiti

This article is authored by three attorneys from the Institute for Justice & Democracy and its sister organization, the Bureau des Avocats Internationaux (BAI), based in Port-au-Prince Haiti, who suggest a new, more sustainable model of lawyering for poor and marginalized populations. The BAI has developed and implemented a legal empowerment approach to human rights lawyering for Haiti\u27s Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), in particular women and the displaced

Audit of fresh frozen plasma usage, prospective study: a report from department of immunohematology and transfusion medicine, government medical college Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Background: Fresh frozen plasma is commonly used in tertiary care hospitals. These are used to manage conditions such as coagulation derangements. Unnecessary use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is known to increase the risk of side effects in plasma transfusing patients like anaphylaxis, transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) and risk of transfusion transmitted infections etc. So judicious use of plasma is extremely important where its benefits outweigh its potential risks.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted over a period of six month. The following data were collected; provisional clinical diagnosis, indication of FFP’S, coagulation profile and gender of the patients. We evaluated all FFP transfusions, classified them as appropriate or inappropriate according to fresh frozen plasma transfusion guidelines of Directorate general of health services (DGHS).Results: A total of 808 FFP units were issued (474 units to males and 334 units to females) over a period of 6 months. Out of these, 15% (122 units) of  FFP’s were issued to intensive care unit (ICU) patients, 12.87% (104 units) to paediatrics ward, 12.25%  (99 units) to emergency ward which include patients with upper GI bleed and lower GI bleed , 6.8% (55 units) to obstetrics patients, 6.18% (50 units) to orthopaedics, 4.45% (36 units)  to road traffic accident patients, 4.20% (34 units) to Hepatic failure patients, 3.09% (25 units) to Cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS), 2.97% (24 units) to oncology patients, 2.47% (20 units) to snake bite patients, 1.23 % (10 units) to dengue patients, 1.11% (9 units)  to Haemophilia  patients, 27.38% units were issued to the patients were indication for FFP transfusion was not known.Conclusions: study showed that 66.44% were appropriate and 33.56% were inappropriate use of FFP’s in patients. This highlights the pitfalls in use of FFP among clinicians and for that matter there is need of awareness and understanding the transfusion medicine by clinicians

Hydatid cyst of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature

Primary involvement of the kidney is rare in case of hydatid disease. We present a case of primary left renal hydatid cyst in a 40 year old female patient admitted with left lumbar pain radiating to the back. Computed tomography of the patient was done and was suggestive of hydatid cyst involving the lower pole of the left kidney. The cyst was managed by left Nephrectomy with open surgical excision and preoperative course of Albendazole. This case emphasizes on better detection and evaluation of such rare cases to identify better treatment strategies

SSSDET: Simple Short and Shallow Network for Resource Efficient Vehicle Detection in Aerial Scenes

Detection of small-sized targets is of paramount importance in many aerial vision-based applications. The commonly deployed low cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for aerial scene analysis are highly resource constrained in nature. In this paper we propose a simple short and shallow network (SSSDet) to robustly detect and classify small-sized vehicles in aerial scenes. The proposed SSSDet is up to 4x faster, requires 4.4x less FLOPs, has 30x less parameters, requires 31x less memory space and provides better accuracy in comparison to existing state-of-the-art detectors. Thus, it is more suitable for hardware implementation in real-time applications. We also created a new airborne image dataset (ABD) by annotating 1396 new objects in 79 aerial images for our experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the existing VEDAI, DLR-3K, DOTA and Combined dataset. The SSSDet outperforms state-of-the-art detectors in term of accuracy, speed, compute and memory efficiency.Comment: International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 2019, Taipei, Taiwa

Association of Training Characteristics with Critical Power in Competitive Recreational Cyclists and Triathletes

Endurance athletes often employ a training zone approach to classify their training intensity, where Zones 1, 2, and 3 (Z1-Z3) correspond to low, moderate, and high intensities. Research has shown that many elite athletes across a multitude of endurance sports employ polarized training distributions (TIDs), i.e., they spend a large percentage of their training in Z1 with much of the remainder in Z3 and little training in Z2. This appears to be beneficial for performance in these populations. The typical TIDs among recreationally competitive endurance athletes and their impact on performance are less well understood. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the TIDs of recreationally competitive cyclists and triathletes and the impact of training characteristics on cycling performance. METHODS: Participants (n = 19, age = 31.7 ± 10.7 years; height = 176.6 ± 8.8 cm; weight = 70.8 ± 8.6 kg, relative CP = 4.3 ± 0.7 W/kg) submitted raw activity files, which they had previously uploaded to Strava, a popular workout tracking site. We used a workout analysis program (Golden Cheetah, V3.5) and R statistical language to analyze training and racing data. We determined each athlete’s highest critical power (CP) relative to body weight by first finding the highest maximum mean power (MMP) over 2, 5, and 10 minutes achieved over the course of a single week and then employing the linear power inverse of time CP model. We considered relative CP (W/kg) as our proxy for endurance performance, as it highly correlates with race performances. We then extracted values for estimated maximal aerobic power (MAP), training volume (training hours), training intensity (mean training power as a percent of MAP), training frequency (number of sessions), and training polarization (polarization index (PI) calculated from percent time in power Z1-3) for the 12 weeks leading up to the performance measure. We determined the association of the training characteristics on relative CP while controlling for participant age and fitness (MAP) by employing a linear regression. RESULTS: Only 4 of 23 participants employed a polarized training approach as defined by a PI \u3e 2.0. Athletes spent on average 71.0 ± 9.5% of their training time in Z1, 16.1% ± 6.1 in Z2, and 12.9% ± 7.3 in Z3. They completed 74.9 ± 22.9 sessions and amassed 110.3 ± 46.9 hours of training time over the 12 weeks leading up the performance measure. In this preliminary analysis of 19 participants, we were unable to detect a statistically significant effect of polarization on relative CP, when controlling for age, fitness, and all other training variables. Yet, polarization was the explanatory variable with the largest impact on relative CP, b (SE) = 0.25 (0.55), t = 0.457, p = 0.656. CONCLUSION: Most of the recreationally competitive cyclists and triathletes in our study did not employ a polarized TID, despite data from elite cohorts and laboratory studies showing its benefits. More research into the effect of TID on performance and health in recreationally competitive athletes is needed to confirm its benefits in this population

Analysis of histopathological patterns of lung and pleural biopsy in correlation with immunohistochemistry

Introduction: Lungs are the most exposed organs to different risk factors  like pollution, smoke, infections, tuberculosis and allergens. Lungs are covered by parietal and visceral layers of pleura within which pleural fluid is present. Aim of the study was to evaluate various histopathological patterns of lung and pleural biopsy in correlation with age, sex and immunohistochemistry examination findings.Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of three year three months done at Pathology Department, S.S.G. Hospital and Medical College, Baroda from October  2016 to  December  2019. In present study, total 169 cases were received for histopathological examination, out of which 151 cases were of lung biopsy and 18 cases were of pleural biopsy. Immunohistochemical examination was done as and when required.Results:Lung biopsy of  151 cases  were examined. Out of which,  88 cases (58.3%) were neoplastic, 54(35.8%) cases were non-neoplastic and  9 cases(5.9%) were inconclusive. The commonest malignancy was  squamous cell carcinoma. Commonest non-neoplastic lesion was interstitial inflammation (6.6%).  Malignancy was seen more  common than inflammatory conditions  in patients presented withlung masses in our institute. While out of 18 cases of pleural biopsy,  6 cases(33.3%) were neoplastic and 12 cases (66.7%) were non-neoplastic. Adenocarcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesion while tuberculosis was the most common non-neoplastic pleural lesion.Conclusion:Histopathological examination plays an important role in making a correct and accurate diagnosis of various lesions of lung and pleura. Although histopathological examination is gold standard, immunohistochemistry can enhance the accuracy of such diagnosis. &nbsp

Successful management of a triplet heterotropic caesarean scar pregnancy in spontaneous conception

A cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy -CSEP is a fairly uncommon presentation wherein the conceptus is implanted at the exact scar site of the previous cesarean section deep in the myometrium. Given the relatively rare incidence of CSEP establishing a diagnosis of CSEP can be challenging current standards of therapy have been derived from data obtained from a limited number of patient’s management options for CSEP range from medical line of treatment to surgical interventions such as sonography guided injections to laparoscopic excision or laparotomy or combination of these modalities. Herein we report a rare case of triplet pregnancy with one gestation sac implanted at the site of lower segment scar diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasonography along with MRI who was managed successfully with systemic methotrexate

Caffeine Supplementation Strategies Among Endurance Athletes

Caffeine is widely accepted as an ergogenic aid for endurance performance. Many laboratory studies use doses of 3-6 mg/kg of caffeine 60 min prior to exercise. It is unclear if endurance athletes employ similar supplementation schemes in practice. Further, there is a paucity of data regarding caffeine consumption in this population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate caffeine supplementation strategies and consumption among endurance athletes. METHODS: A survey conducted on Qualtrics returned responses regarding caffeine supplementation from 247 endurance athletes (f = 129, m =118; age = 40.4 ± 18.4 y; pro = 11, current/former collegiate athlete = 67, recreational = 169; running = 95, triathlon = 80, cycling = 54, other = 18; training days per week = 5.4 ± 1.3). Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS V26. Pearson chi-square tests of independence were performed to investigate potential associations between a variety of grouping variables and caffeine use. Further, supplementation schemes were analyzed. Finally, athletes’ perception of the effectiveness of caffeine were examined. RESULTS: The majority of participants reported habitual caffeine consumption (84.2%; 34.8% multiple times daily). Yet, only 23.5% reported using caffeine supplements. A greater percentage of men (30.5%) used caffeine supplements compared with women (17.1%; p = .013). Athlete status was significantly associated with caffeine consumption (p = .004). Caffeine use was more prevalent among professional (36.4%) and recreational athletes (28.4%) compared with current/former collegiate athletes (9.0%). There were no significant differences in caffeine supplementation when comparing across type of sport (p = .505), household income (p = .191), education (p = .453) or working with a coach (p = .560). While not statistically significant (p = .064), 53.4% of those using caffeine supplements reported placing among the top 3 in their age group in the past year, compared with only 39.7% of those not using caffeine supplements. Sixty-eight athletes (27.5%) reported that they specifically timed caffeine supplementation around training (60.3% only before, 14.7% only during, 25.0% before and during sessions). Seventy-seven (31.2%) athletes reported timing caffeine intake around races (55.8% before, 13.0% during, 31.2% both). Of those reporting specific timing of caffeine use, 47.3% and 33.9% reported consuming caffeine within 30 min of training sessions and races respectively; 40.0% and 35.5% used caffeine 30-60 min before training and races; 12.7% and 36.6% reported taking caffeine \u3e60 min before training and races. The most frequently reported interval of supplementation during training (64.0%) and races (45.2%) was every 60-90 minutes. Those reporting specific amounts of caffeine consumed before training (n = 27) and races (n = 14), used 1.8 ± 1.0 mg/kg and 2.4 ± 1.3 mg/kg respectively. On average, 53.6% and 39.1% of athletes reported that caffeine exerted no effects to only minor effects during various types of training and racing respectively. A greater percentage of athletes reported moderate and major effects during more intense training as well as longer training sessions and races (52.7 - 72.7%). CONCLUSION: Most athletes in the present study did not follow typical laboratory protocols that have elicited ergogenic effects of caffeine. Better education among athletes and coaches or research into more diverse supplementation schemes are needed