Evaluation of efficacy of submucosal tramadol after mandibular third molar surgery: a prospective pilot study

Background: Surgical extraction of mandibular third molar is one of the most commonly performed procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Its removal causes swelling, trismus, and moderate to severe pain which can be treated with various NSAID’s drugs, which have numerous side effects and gastric disturbances. In order to bypass such disturbances, Tramadol may be considered as an alternative for such patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesic efficacy of submucosal tramadol and its implication over swelling and mouth opening after mandibular third molar surgery.Methods: This is a prospective study where in after post-surgical extraction of mandibular third molar, efficacy of submucosal injection of tramadol is evaluated in terms of pain and its implication over swelling and mouth opening.Results: The present study suggested there was statistically significant VAS score for pain after submucosally injecting tramadol post-surgical extraction of mandibular third molar in the following visits- 4hourly, 8hourly and 24hourly. In respect to swelling, statistically significant values was noted during 24hr and 72 h our post extraction. Also in case of mouth opening, statistically significant values were found 24 hourly.Conclusions: The present pilot study concluded that submucosal tramadol post mandibular third molar extraction has been effective in reducing pain, limiting post-extraction swelling and less impacting mouth opening by inducing less complications thereby bypassing gastric disturbances

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of physics forceps versus conventional forceps in therapeutic extractions of premolars: a prospective clinical study

Background: Dental extraction is the removal of a tooth from the oral cavity and is the most common procedure performed in oral surgery. Conventional exodontia tends to cause unnecessary trauma leading to postoperative pain, loss of tissue and stress for the patient. ‘Atraumatic’ dental extraction techniques have nowadays gained popularity and in such case, physics forceps can be helpful in achieving such results. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare efficacy of physics forceps versus conventional forceps in therapeutic extraction of premolars.Methods: A total of 35 patients requiring extraction of premolars in maxillary or mandibular arch or both arches for orthodontic treatment purpose were included and divided into groups A and B wherein right sided extractions performed with physics forceps were compared with left sided extractions carried out using conventional forceps in terms of time taken for extraction, bone and soft tissue injury, success score and pain assessment.Results: The present study suggested statistically significant difference between both the groups. Time taken for extraction, trauma to gingival tissue, bone loss, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly lesser with physics forceps group, when compared to conventional forceps group. Moreover no significant difference in success score was noted between both the groups.Conclusions: Physics forceps are comparatively superior to conventional extraction forceps in terms of lesser time taken for the procedure, lesser tendency to induce trauma to both hard and soft tissue and have been found to induce comparatively lesser pain post extraction

Prevalence of mental nerve injury in facial fractures: a 3 year retrospective study

Background: Mandibular fracture is the most common facial bone fracture. Fractures occurring at the Para symphysis region frequently results in mental nerve injury, due to which anaesthesia or paraesthesia of the skin and mucous membrane within the distribution of mental nerve may be observed and may cause reduced quality of life for patients. Aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse and evaluate the prevalence rate of mental nerve injury in patients that reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, managed conservatively or open reduction and internal fixation method during the last 3 yearsMethods: Patients with neurosensory deficit following para symphysis fracture were recorded, statistically analyzed and results and observation were prepared from it.Results: The patients with age group 21-30 diagnosed with para symphysis fracture constituted 25% of all operated case and were found to be more associated with midface and angle fracture. Etiology behind the trauma was mostly as a result of RTA. Neurosensory disturbances as a result of mental nerve injury were found to be associated in 20.89% case, out of which in most of the cases, it gradually recovered within a duration of 7-15 days.Conclusions: RTA’s have been a prime cause for para symphysis fracture, which may at times accompany neurosensory deficit following trauma or may occur post-surgery, has been found to cause troublesome sequelae and reduced quality of life. Moreover, further research study needs to be carried out over a larger time span having a larger group of patients

Oseltamivir induced sinus bradycardia: an area of potential concern

Oseltamivir was approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza in 1999 by the USFDA (US Food and Drug Administration). The use of Oseltamivir is increasing rapidly all over the world, especially after the 2009 “Swine Flu” pandemic. Less data is published as far as the cardiovascular side effects of Oseltamivir are concerned, but it could be associated with some serious cardiovascular side effects. This study presented a case series of 5 cases suspected to be suffering from seasonal influenza H1N1 (“Swine Flu”), who developed sinus bradycardia while they were on Oseltamivir therapy

Localization of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the brains of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that infects European honeybees (<it>Apis mellifera </it>L.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in Japan. DWV is known to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally between bees in a colony and can lead to both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in bees. In environmentally stressful conditions, DWV can contribute to the demise of a honeybee colony. The purpose of the current study is to identify regions within the brains of honeybees where DWV replicates using <it>in-situ </it>hybridization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>In-situ </it>hybridizations were conducted with both sense and antisense probes on the brains of honeybees that were positive for DWV as measured by real-time RT-PCR. The visual neuropils demonstrated detectable levels of the DWV positive-strand genome. The mushroom bodies and antenna lobe neuropils also showed the presence of the viral genome. Weaker staining with the sense probe in the same regions demonstrates that the antigenome is also present and that the virus is actively replicating in these regions of the brain.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results demonstrate that in bees infected with DWV the virus is replicating in critical regions of the brain, including the neuropils responsible for vision and olfaction. Therefore DWV infection of the brain could adversely affect critical sensory functions and alter normal bee behavior.</p

A molecular quantitative trait locus map for osteoarthritis

Funder: Medical Research Council Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing grant (148985)Funder: Versus Arthritis; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Therapies Centre (21156)Abstract: Osteoarthritis causes pain and functional disability for over 500 million people worldwide. To develop disease-stratifying tools and modifying therapies, we need a better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease in relevant tissue and cell types. Here, we study primary cartilage and synovium from 115 patients with osteoarthritis to construct a deep molecular signature map of the disease. By integrating genetics with transcriptomics and proteomics, we discover molecular trait loci in each tissue type and omics level, identify likely effector genes for osteoarthritis-associated genetic signals and highlight high-value targets for drug development and repurposing. These findings provide insights into disease aetiopathology, and offer translational opportunities in response to the global clinical challenge of osteoarthritis

A molecular quantitative trait locus map for osteoarthritis

Funder: Medical Research Council Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing grant (148985)Funder: Versus Arthritis; Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Therapies Centre (21156)Abstract: Osteoarthritis causes pain and functional disability for over 500 million people worldwide. To develop disease-stratifying tools and modifying therapies, we need a better understanding of the molecular basis of the disease in relevant tissue and cell types. Here, we study primary cartilage and synovium from 115 patients with osteoarthritis to construct a deep molecular signature map of the disease. By integrating genetics with transcriptomics and proteomics, we discover molecular trait loci in each tissue type and omics level, identify likely effector genes for osteoarthritis-associated genetic signals and highlight high-value targets for drug development and repurposing. These findings provide insights into disease aetiopathology, and offer translational opportunities in response to the global clinical challenge of osteoarthritis